CH404204A - Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride - Google Patents
Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chlorideInfo
- Publication number
- CH404204A CH404204A CH1457461A CH1457461A CH404204A CH 404204 A CH404204 A CH 404204A CH 1457461 A CH1457461 A CH 1457461A CH 1457461 A CH1457461 A CH 1457461A CH 404204 A CH404204 A CH 404204A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- electrolysis
- melt
- chloride
- metal
- production
- Prior art date
Links
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 title claims description 26
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 21
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims description 12
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 9
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 5
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium chloride Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-] TWRXJAOTZQYOKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001610 cryolite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K magnesium;potassium;trichloride;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Mg+2].[Cl-].[Cl-].[Cl-].[K+] PALNZFJYSCMLBK-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Gewinnung von Metallen durch Elektrolyse alkalichloridhaltiger Metallchloridschmelzen Bei der bekannten Gewinnung von Magnesium durch Elektrolyse alkalichloridhaltiger Magnesium chloridschmelzen (Camallit MgKC13) verarmt wie bei allen Schmelzflusselektrolysen - im Laufe der Elektrolyse die Schmelze an dem allein zersetzten Bestandteil (MgCl2). Gleichzeitig steigt die erforder liche Elektrolysierspannung bzw.
sinkt bei Konstant halten der Elektrolysierspannung die Stromstärke be trächtlich ab, so dass die Elektrolyse schon weit vor der völligen Erschöpfung der Schmelze abgebrochen und die Schmelze durch eine frische Carnallitschmelze ersetzt werden muss.
Nach einem noch nicht bekanntgewordenen Vor schlag lässt sich die Gewinnung von Magnesium durch Elektrolyse alkalichloridhaltiger Magnesiumchlorid schmelzen unbeschränkt lange fortsetzen, wenn man entspreclwnd? ihrer Vermnung an MgC12 der Schmelze kontinuierlich oder periodisch reines MgC12 zusetzt und dadurch die ursprünglichen Verhältnisse wieder herstellt.
Ebenso gelingt nach einem weiteren noch nicht bekanntgewordenen Vorschlag die Ge winnung von Aluminium aus alkalichloridhaltigen Aluminiumchloridschmelzen, wenn man metallische Anoden verwendet, die mindestens zum Teil aus Aluminium bestehen, bei Temperaturen unter dem Schmelzpunkt des Aluminiums (658 C), vorzugs weise bei etwa 200 C, arbeitet und die Strom dichte unter 0,5 A/cm2 hält. Auch hier kann die Elektrolyse unbeschränkt lange fortgesetzt werden, wenn man entsprechend der Verarmung an A1C13 der Schmelze kontinuierlich oder periodisch reines A1C13 zusetzt.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass die Gewinnung von Metallen durch Elektrolyse alkalichloridhaltiger Me- tallchloridschmelzen unter entsprechend der während der Elektrolyse eintretenden Verarmung der Schmelze an dem betreffenden Metallchlorid kontinuierlich oder periodisch erfolgendem Zusatz von Metall chlorid zur Schmelze wesentlich besser verläuft, wenn die Schmelze während der Dauer der Elektrolyse ein Oxyd des zu gewinnenden Metalles enthält,
vorzugs- weise in Suspension oder als Bodenkörper.
Sofort nach Zugabe festen Oxyds zu einer alkali- chloridhaltigen Metallchloridschmelze geht deren Schmelzpunkt wesentlich herunter und wird die Schmelze klar und viel dünnflüssiger, zugleich steigt bei der Elektrolyse mit gegebener Spannung die Stromstärke beträchtlich an bzw. sinkt die für die Elektrolyse erforderliche Elektrolysierspannung, viel leicht infolge Verringerung des inneren Widerstandes (Erhöhung der Leitfähigkeit)
der dünnflüssigeren Schmelze. Jedenfalls wird durch die bei gegebener Spannung erhöhte Stromstärke bzw. bei gleicher Stromstärke erniedrigte Spannung eine beträchtliche Ersparnis an für die Elektrolyse erforderlicher elek trischer Energie erzielt.
Im Gegensatz zum Fall der Gewinnung von Alu minium durch Elektrolyse von in Kryolithschmelze gelöster Tonerde sind die Metalloxyde in alkali- chloridhaltigen Schmelzen ihrer eigenen Chloride nur äusserst gering löslich. Die Wirkung der erfindungs- gemässen Gegenwart festen Oxyds in der Schmelze ist noch ungeklärt.
Vermutlich handelt es sich, im Hin blick auf die geringen in Lösungen gehenden Mengen Oxyd, um eine Art Katalyse, indem diese Spuren mit einzelnen Bestandteilen der Schmelze Verbindungen, vielleicht komplexer Art, ergeben oder einzelne Be standteile (Ionen) in eine leichter entladbare Form überführen.
Die Vermutung, dass diese Wirkungen nicht dem festen Oxyd selbst, sondern den in Lösung gegangenen Spuren zuzuschreiben sind, wird durch die weitere, überraschende Feststellung gestützt, dass diese Wirkung noch besonders verstärkt werden kann, wenn man der Schmelze geringe Mengen Alkali- fluorid oder Alkalihydrogenfluorid zufügt, die offen bar das Inlösunggehen von Oxyd erleichtern.
Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride In the known production of magnesium by electrolysis of magnesium chloride melts containing alkali chloride (Camallit MgKC13), as in all melt-flow electrolysis, the melt is depleted in the course of the electrolysis of the component (MgCl2) that is decomposed alone. At the same time, the required electrolysis voltage or
If the electrolysis voltage is kept constant, the amperage drops considerably, so that the electrolysis is stopped long before the melt is completely exhausted and the melt has to be replaced by a fresh carnallite melt.
According to a proposal that has not yet become known, can the production of magnesium by electrolysis of magnesium chloride-containing magnesium chloride melts continue indefinitely, if one accordingly? Adds pure MgC12 continuously or periodically to their concentration of MgC12 in the melt and thereby restores the original proportions.
Likewise, according to another as yet unknown proposal, the extraction of aluminum from aluminum chloride melts containing alkali chloride succeeds if metallic anodes are used, which are at least partly made of aluminum, at temperatures below the melting point of aluminum (658 C), preferably at around 200 C. , works and the current density keeps below 0.5 A / cm2. Here, too, the electrolysis can be continued indefinitely if, according to the depletion of A1C13, pure A1C13 is added continuously or periodically to the melt.
It has now been found that the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride, with the continuous or periodic addition of metal chloride to the melt, corresponding to the depletion of the melt occurring during the electrolysis, of the metal chloride to the melt proceeds significantly better if the melt lasts the electrolysis contains an oxide of the metal to be extracted,
preferably in suspension or as a soil body.
Immediately after the addition of solid oxide to a metal chloride melt containing alkali chloride, its melting point goes down significantly and the melt becomes clear and much more fluid, at the same time the current strength increases considerably in electrolysis with a given voltage or the electrolysis voltage required for electrolysis decreases, perhaps as a result Decrease of internal resistance (increase of conductivity)
the thinner melt. In any case, a considerable saving in the electrical energy required for the electrolysis is achieved by the increased current intensity for a given voltage or, with the same current intensity, reduced voltage.
In contrast to the case where aluminum is obtained by electrolysis of alumina dissolved in cryolite melt, the metal oxides are only extremely slightly soluble in their own chlorides in melts containing alkali chloride. The effect of the presence of solid oxide in the melt according to the invention is still unclear.
In view of the small amounts of oxide going into solution, it is probably a kind of catalysis in which these traces result in compounds, perhaps of a complex type, with individual components of the melt or convert individual components (ions) into a more easily discharged form .
The assumption that these effects are not to be attributed to the solid oxide itself, but to the traces that have gone into solution, is supported by the further, surprising finding that this effect can be particularly intensified if small amounts of alkali fluoride or alkali hydrogen fluoride are added to the melt which apparently facilitate the dissolution of oxide.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1457461A CH404204A (en) | 1961-12-16 | 1961-12-16 | Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride |
| GB4688162A GB1023522A (en) | 1961-12-16 | 1962-12-12 | Method of extraction of metals by fusion electrolysis |
| AT975862A AT244607B (en) | 1961-12-16 | 1962-12-14 | Process for the production of metals by fused-salt electrolysis |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1457461A CH404204A (en) | 1961-12-16 | 1961-12-16 | Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH404204A true CH404204A (en) | 1965-12-15 |
Family
ID=4401984
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1457461A CH404204A (en) | 1961-12-16 | 1961-12-16 | Process for the production of metals by electrolysis of metal chloride melts containing alkali chloride |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH404204A (en) |
-
1961
- 1961-12-16 CH CH1457461A patent/CH404204A/en unknown
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