CH470491A - Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrate - Google Patents
Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrateInfo
- Publication number
- CH470491A CH470491A CH348966A CH348966A CH470491A CH 470491 A CH470491 A CH 470491A CH 348966 A CH348966 A CH 348966A CH 348966 A CH348966 A CH 348966A CH 470491 A CH470491 A CH 470491A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- nitrate
- weight
- cleaning
- metal surfaces
- Prior art date
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims description 8
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 4
- 229910001854 alkali hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 4
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 title claims description 4
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims description 4
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 21
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium nitrate Chemical compound [Na+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O VWDWKYIASSYTQR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011833 salt mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010344 sodium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004317 sodium nitrate Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001069 Ti alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23G—CLEANING OR DE-GREASING OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY CHEMICAL METHODS OTHER THAN ELECTROLYSIS
- C23G1/00—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts
- C23G1/28—Cleaning or pickling metallic material with solutions or molten salts with molten salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/06—Hydroxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
- C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
- C11D7/02—Inorganic compounds
- C11D7/04—Water-soluble compounds
- C11D7/10—Salts
- C11D7/105—Nitrates; Nitrites
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zur Reinigung, insbesondere zur Entzunderung, von Metalloberflächen in Alkalihydroxyd und Nitrat enthaltenden Salzschmelzen Es ist bekannt, Metalloberflächen, insbesondere von Stählen, dadurch zu entzundern, dass man sie in eine Salzschmelze aus einem Gemisch von Alkalihydroxyd und Nitrat bei einer Temperatur von etwa 400 bis 500 C eintaucht.
Durch die alkalische oxydierende Salzschmelze wird der Zunder aufgelockert, so dass die darauffolgende Beize mit kurzen Beizdauern und mit sehr niedrigem Metallverlust und Säureverbrauch auskommt.
Die bekannten Salzgemische haben sich in vielen Fällen gut bewährt, jedoch ergeben sich in gewissen Fällen Schwierigkeiten. Dies gilt z. B. für die Reini gung der Oberflächen von Werkstücken aus rostfreiem Stahl, z. B. von Rohren, bei deren Herstellung ein Strangpress- oder Ziehprozess verwendet wird, wobei Glas als Schmiermittel dient. Hierbei bildet sich eine festgebundene Oberflächenschicht, die im wesentlichen aus Glas besteht.
Diese Schicht lässt sich mit den be kannten Salzschmelzen nur durch eine mehrfache Tauchbehandlung entfernen. Die gleichen Schwierigkei ten ergeben sich bei der Entfernung der Zunderschicht von Titan und Titanlegierungen, die einer Wärmebe handlung unterworfen worden sind. Man muss hierbei relativ hohe Temperaturen anwenden; weiterhin besit zen die bekannten Salzmischungen den Nachteil, dass sie eine relativ grosse Viskosität haben, so dass es schwierig ist, den bei der Behandlung in die Schmelze übergehenden Schlamm zu entfernen.
Bei gewissen Stahllegierungen, die zur Erhöhung der Temperaturfestigkeit mit Nickel, Mangan, Molyb- dän oder Wolfram legiert sind, zeigt sich bei der Ver wendung der bekannten Salzmischungen, dass auf der Oberfläche mehr Oxyde gebildet werden als von der Salzschmelze entfernt werden. Es wurde nun gefunden, dass die in den genannten Fällen auftretenden Nachteile der bekannten Salzgemi sche dann nicht vorhanden sind, wenn ein Salzgemisch von einer ganz bestimmten Zusammensetzungsmarge verwendet wird.
Diese Marge ist gekennzeichnet durch Gehaltszahlen von 9 bis 15 Gewichtsprozent Natrium- nitrat, 5 bis 15 Gewichtsprozent Natriumchlorid, 8 bis 20 Gewichtsprozent Kaliumhydroxyd und 50 bis 78 Gewichtsprozent Natriumhydroxyd, wobei das Ge wichtsverhältnis von Kaliumhydroxyd zu Natriumhydro- xyd zwischen 0,1 und 0,4 liegt.
Gemische dieser Art sind sehr wirksam und zuver lässig im Gebrauch und insbesondere nicht korrosiv für die zur Anwendung kommende Anlage, insbesondere den Badbehälter. Das Gewichtsverhältnis von Kalium hydroxyd zu Natriumhydroxyd zwischen 0,1 und 0,4 bewirkt, dass die Salzschmelze bei einer Vielzahl von Metallen sehr gut wirksam ist und insbesondere eine Entzunderung von Titan und Titanlegierungen möglich ist. Mit einer solchen Zusammensetzung lassen sich auch Metalloberflächen reinigen, die mit einem glasartigen Schmiermittel überzogen sind.
Der verhältnismässig hohe Anteil von Natriumchlorid bewirkt, dass die Salz- schmelze eine sehr niedrige Viskosität besitzt und eine Behandlungstemperatur unterhalb von 500 bzw. eine solche von 350 bis 450 angewendet werden kann.
Das Salzgemisch enthält kein Karbonat und keine wasserstoffhaltigen Verbindungen, die z. B. bei der Be handlung von Titan zu Schwierigkeiten führen.
Das zu reinigende Metall wird zweckmässig etwa 30 Sekunden in die Schmelze eingetaucht, dann gewa schen und der bekannten Beizbehandlung in verdünn ten Säuren unterworfen. <I>Beispiel 1</I> Eine Charge von glasüberzogenen Röhren aus rost freiem Stahl, die in einem Strangpressverfahren her gestellt waren, wurde in eine Schmelze eingetaucht, die aus 12 Gewichtsprozent Natriumnitrat, 10 Gewichts prozent Natriumchlorid, 15 Gewichtsprozent Kalium hydroxyd und 63 Gewichtsprozent Natriumhydroxyd bestand. Die Temperatur betrug 480 C und die Be handlungsdauer 30 Sekunden.
Nach Abschreckung in Wasser und einer Beizung in verdünnter Säure zeigte sich, dass die gesamte Oberflächenschicht aus Glas und Zunder durch diese einzige Behandlung entfernt wurde. <I>Beispiel 2</I> In die Salzschmelze nach Beispiel 1 wurden Werk stücke aus Titan eingetaucht, die einem Glühprozess bei 1200 C unterworfen waren. Die auf der Ober fläche vorhandene Zunderschicht wurde auch bei die sem Material durch eine einzige Behandlung entfernt, ohne dass das Material Wasserstoff aufnahm.
Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, of metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrate It is known to descaling metal surfaces, in particular of steels, by converting them into a molten salt composed of a mixture of alkali hydroxide and nitrate at a temperature of about 400 to 500 C immersed.
The alkaline, oxidizing salt melt loosens the scale so that the subsequent pickling takes place with short pickling times and very little metal loss and acid consumption.
The known salt mixtures have proven their worth in many cases, but difficulties arise in certain cases. This applies e.g. B. for cleaning the surfaces of stainless steel workpieces, e.g. B. of pipes in the manufacture of which an extrusion or drawing process is used, with glass serving as a lubricant. A firmly bonded surface layer is formed, which essentially consists of glass.
With the known molten salts, this layer can only be removed by repeated immersion treatment. The same difficulties arise in removing the scale layer from titanium and titanium alloys that have been subjected to a heat treatment. You have to use relatively high temperatures here; furthermore, the known salt mixtures have the disadvantage that they have a relatively high viscosity, so that it is difficult to remove the sludge which has passed into the melt during the treatment.
In the case of certain steel alloys that are alloyed with nickel, manganese, molybdenum or tungsten to increase the temperature resistance, when using the known salt mixtures, it is evident that more oxides are formed on the surface than are removed by the molten salt. It has now been found that the disadvantages of the known salt mixtures occurring in the cases mentioned do not exist when a salt mixture of a very specific composition margin is used.
This margin is characterized by content numbers of 9 to 15 percent by weight of sodium nitrate, 5 to 15 percent by weight of sodium chloride, 8 to 20 percent by weight of potassium hydroxide and 50 to 78 percent by weight of sodium hydroxide, the weight ratio of potassium hydroxide to sodium hydroxide being between 0.1 and 0, 4 lies.
Mixtures of this type are very effective and reliable in use and, in particular, are non-corrosive to the system used, especially the bath tank. The weight ratio of potassium hydroxide to sodium hydroxide between 0.1 and 0.4 ensures that the molten salt is very effective with a large number of metals and, in particular, that titanium and titanium alloys can be descaled. Such a composition can also be used to clean metal surfaces that are coated with a vitreous lubricant.
The relatively high proportion of sodium chloride has the effect that the molten salt has a very low viscosity and a treatment temperature below 500 or between 350 and 450 can be used.
The salt mixture does not contain any carbonate or any hydrogen-containing compounds which, for. B. lead to difficulties in the treatment of titanium.
The metal to be cleaned is expediently immersed in the melt for about 30 seconds, then washed and subjected to the known pickling treatment in dilute acids. <I> Example 1 </I> A batch of glass-coated stainless steel tubes produced in an extrusion process was immersed in a melt composed of 12 percent by weight sodium nitrate, 10 percent by weight sodium chloride, 15 percent by weight potassium hydroxide and 63 Weight percent sodium hydroxide consisted. The temperature was 480 C and the treatment time was 30 seconds.
After quenching in water and pickling in dilute acid, it was found that the entire surface layer of glass and scale was removed by this single treatment. <I> Example 2 </I> Workpieces made of titanium, which were subjected to an annealing process at 1200 C, were immersed in the molten salt according to Example 1. The layer of scale on the surface was also removed from this material by a single treatment without the material taking up hydrogen.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH348966A CH470491A (en) | 1966-03-10 | 1966-03-10 | Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrate |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH348966A CH470491A (en) | 1966-03-10 | 1966-03-10 | Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrate |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH470491A true CH470491A (en) | 1969-03-31 |
Family
ID=4257095
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH348966A CH470491A (en) | 1966-03-10 | 1966-03-10 | Process for cleaning, in particular for descaling, metal surfaces in molten salts containing alkali hydroxide and nitrate |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH470491A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114392980A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-26 | 沈阳梅特科航空科技有限公司 | A molten salt preparation process and cleaning process for removing TBC ceramic coating |
-
1966
- 1966-03-10 CH CH348966A patent/CH470491A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114392980A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-04-26 | 沈阳梅特科航空科技有限公司 | A molten salt preparation process and cleaning process for removing TBC ceramic coating |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased |