CH511667A - Welding graphite parts - Google Patents
Welding graphite partsInfo
- Publication number
- CH511667A CH511667A CH90270A CH90270A CH511667A CH 511667 A CH511667 A CH 511667A CH 90270 A CH90270 A CH 90270A CH 90270 A CH90270 A CH 90270A CH 511667 A CH511667 A CH 511667A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- parts
- temperature
- graphite
- soldered
- eutectic
- Prior art date
Links
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims description 28
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005496 eutectics Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000005476 soldering Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 5
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052580 B4C Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N boron carbide Chemical compound B12B3B4C32B41 INAHAJYZKVIDIZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021386 carbon form Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001338 liquidmetal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 molybdenum carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/006—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of metals or metal salts
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/64—Burning or sintering processes
- C04B35/645—Pressure sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B37/00—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating
- C04B37/003—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C04B37/005—Joining burned ceramic articles with other burned ceramic articles or other articles by heating by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts consisting of glass or ceramic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/04—Ceramic interlayers
- C04B2237/08—Non-oxidic interlayers
- C04B2237/083—Carbide interlayers, e.g. silicon carbide interlayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/122—Metallic interlayers based on refractory metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/02—Aspects relating to interlayers, e.g. used to join ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/12—Metallic interlayers
- C04B2237/123—Metallic interlayers based on iron group metals, e.g. steel
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/30—Composition of layers of ceramic laminates or of ceramic or metallic articles to be joined by heating, e.g. Si substrates
- C04B2237/32—Ceramic
- C04B2237/36—Non-oxidic
- C04B2237/363—Carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/70—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness
- C04B2237/708—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising layers of a specific, unusual thickness of one or more of the interlayers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2237/00—Aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/50—Processing aspects relating to ceramic laminates or to the joining of ceramic articles with other articles by heating
- C04B2237/76—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc
- C04B2237/765—Forming laminates or joined articles comprising at least one member in the form other than a sheet or disc, e.g. two tubes or a tube and a sheet or disc at least one member being a tube
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
A metal layer is interposed between the surfaces to be bonded. The bonding area is heated to a temp. which is not lower than that at which the metal-carbon carbide entectic is formed. Pref. the temp. is 20 - 50 degrees C higher than that of the start of the eutectic formation.
Description
Verfahren zum Löten von Graphitteilen
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Löten von Graphitteilen.
Die Erfindung kann bei Erhitzern, Kernreaktoren und ähnlichen Einrichtungen, wo Graphitteille eingesetzt werden, weite Verwendung finden.
Verfahren zum Löten von Graphitteilén sind weitgehend bekannt. Bei diesen Verfahren wird eine Metallschicht zwischen den Stossflächen der zusammenzulötenden Teile angebracht und die Stossstelle bis zur Schmelz- bzw. Karbidbildungstemperatur dieses Metalls erhitzt.
Die Erhitzung bis zu der erwähnten Temperatur sichert aber entweder infolge eines grossen Unterschieds zwischen dem linearen Wärmeausdehnungskoeffizienten der sich bildenden Karbidzwischenschicht und dem des Graphits oder infolge eines Übersteigens der Betriebstemperatur der Lötverbindung gegenüber der Schmelztemperatur der erwähnten Zwischenschicht keine hohe Wärmebeständigkeit der Lötverbindung, die z. B. bei einer Temperatur von mehr als 20000 C eingesetzt wird.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zum Löten von Graphitteilen zu schaffen, das eine erhöhte Beständigkeit der Lötverbindung gegen hohe Temperaturen (von mehr als 20000 C) sichert.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch ein Lötverfahren von Graphitteilen gelöst, bei dem eine Metallschicht zwischen den Stossflächen der zusammenzulötenden Lötteile angebracht und die Stossstelle erhitzt wird, wobei erfindungsgemäss die Erhitzung auf eine Temperatur vorgenommen wird, die die Temperatur, bei der sich das Eutektikum Metallkarbid-Kohlenstoff bildet, nicht unterschreitet.
Es ist zweckmässig, die Erhitzung auf eine Temperatur vorzunehmen, die um 20500 C höher ist als die des Bildungsbeginns des Eutektikums Meta'l'lkarbid- Kohlenstoff, um eine zuverlässige Lötverbindung herzustellen.
Die vorliegende Erfindung wird zweckmässig folgendermassen ausgeführt. Zwischen den Stossflächen von zu lötenden Graphitteilen wird eine als Lot dienende Metallschicht angebracht und die Stossstelle erhitzt. Als Lot wird ein Metall angewandt, das bei Erhitzung mit Graphit die flüssige eutektische Phase Metallkarbid- Kohlenstoff bildet.
Als Lot können beispieisweise folgende Metalle Verwendung finden: Molybdän mit eutektischem Schmelzpunkt 2500 C, Yttrium mit eutektischem Schmelzpunkt 24000 C, Zer mit 21500 C, Borkarbid mit 21500 C, Nickel mit 13200 C u. a.
Unter Verwendung von leichtschmelzenden Metallen, wie z. B. Ni bzw. deren Verbindung kann die Lot temperatur herabgesetzt werden, ohne dass sich die Wärmebeständigkeit einer Lötnaht verringert.
Die Erhitzung an der Stossstelle zwischen Lötteilen und Lötmetall erfolgt bis zu einer Temperatur, die die Temperatur, bei der sich das Eutektikum Metallkarbid Kohlenstoff bildet, nicht unterschreitet.
An der Stossstelle kristallisieren sich beim Erhitzen Graphitkörner heraus, die zugleich den zu lötenden Teilen gehören, und die Struktur wandelt sich von einer reinen Karbidstruktur zu einer gemischten, aus Karbid und Graphit bestehenden Struktur.
Das Lötmetall dient als Zwischenelement, d. h.
Eutektikumkohlenstoffbildner und bietet die Möglichkeit, Nähte herzustellen, die bei hohen Temperaturen zuverlässig sind.
Dadurch, dass an der Stossstelle Graphit vorherrscht und eine scharf ausgeprägte Karbidstruktur fehlt, wird die Wärmebeständigkeit der Verbindung erhöht, und die wärmephysikalischen und mechanischen Eigenschaf ten der Lötverbindung nähern sich den Kennwerten von Grundmaterial, d. h. Graphit, an.
Um eine gleichmässige Durchwärmung im gesamten Querschnitt der Stossflächen der zu lötenden Teile, insbesondere der Teile mit grossen Abmessungen bzw.
mit einer komplizierten Form zu ermöglichen, wird zweckmässigerweise die Erhitzung auf eine etwa um 20-50 C höhere Temperatur im Vergleich zu der Temperatur des Bildungsbeglnns des Eutektikums Metallkarbid-Kohlenstoff auslgeführt.
Nachstehend wird die Erfindung an Hand konkreter Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert.
Beispiell
Zur Verbindung wählt man zwei Rundstäbe aus Graphit mit einer Dichte von 1,9 g/cm3. Als Lot dient Molybdän, das das Eutektikum Metallkarbid-Kohlenstoff bei 24500 C bildet. Zwischen den Graphitstossflächen wird eine 0,3 mm starke Molybdänfolie angebracht, eine Kraft von 0,3 kg/mm2 angelegt und mit Haltezeit von 2,5 min in einem inerten Medium auf 2470 C erhitzt.
Die mikrophotographische Untersuchung hat ergeben, dass sich eine scharf ausgeprägte Nahtgrenze nicht feststellen lässt. Beim Zugversuch bei 20000 C war die Lötnahtfestigkeit der von Grundmaterial, d. h. Graphit, nahe. Obwohl die Nahtfestigkeit bei 28000 C bis 60 % zur Festigkeit des Graphitgrundmaterials, d. h. 115 bis 155 kp/cm2 betrug, ist auch diese Festigkeit beim Einsatz der Graphitteile in Verhältnissen von hohen, d. h.
mehr als 20000 C, Temperaturen genügend.
Unter Berücksichtigung dessen, dass die Schmelztemperatur von Molybdänkarbiden 27000 C nicht übersteigt, müssten die Probestäbe wegen des Schmelzens der Karbidzwischenschicht zerfallen. Dies findet aber nicht statt. Die letztere Tatsache weist darauf hin, dass Molybdän bloss eine Zwischenrolle spielt und die Verbindung der Teile durch Graphitkörner erfolgt, die sich aus der Flüssigphase Metallkarbid-Kohienstoff ausscheiden.
Beispiel 2
Zur Verbindung wählt man zwei im Durchmesser 100 mm grosse und 10 mm starke Rohre aus Graphit mit einer Dichte von 1,85 g/cm3. Als Lot dient eine dünne Schicht Nickelpulver, das bei 13200 C das Eutektikum Nickelkarbid-Kohlenstoff bildet. Man legt eine Kraft von 0,2 kp/mm2 an. Die Erhitzung wird in einem Argonmedium mit Haltezeit von 3 min auf 1360 C durchgeführt. Beim Zugversuch waren die Festigkeitskennwerte denen im Beispiel 1 analog.
Die Versuchsergebnisse weisen darauf hin, dass die Löttemperatur herabgesetzt werden kann, ohne dass sich die Nahtbeständigkeit gegen hohe Temperaturen dabei verringert.
In Übereinstimmung mit dem Obendargelegten darf man behaupten, dass die vorgeschlagene Erfindung es ermöglicht, Graphitlötverbindungen mit erhöhter Beständigkeit gegen hohe Temperaturen herzustellen.
Dank Verwendung von leichtschnelzenden Metallen, beispielsweise Ni, als Lot, kann man ferner die Löttemperatur herabsetzen, ohne die Wärmebeständigkeit der Naht verringert zu haben.
Die erwähnten Vorteile können beim Löten von Graphitteilen, die für die Atomtechnik bestimmt sind, wo es besonders wichtig ist, dass sich die Naht in Zusammensetzung und Eigenschaften von dem Grundmaterial nicht unterscheidet, sowie beim Löten von Teilen mit grossen Abmessungen, wo die Erhitzungstemperatur der Verbindungsplatte ein limitierender Faktor ist, realisiert werden.
Method for soldering graphite parts
The invention relates to a method for soldering graphite parts.
The invention can find wide use in heaters, nuclear reactors, and the like where graphite parts are used.
Methods for soldering graphite parts are widely known. In this process, a metal layer is attached between the joint surfaces of the parts to be soldered together and the joint is heated to the melting or carbide formation temperature of this metal.
The heating up to the mentioned temperature ensures either due to a large difference between the linear thermal expansion coefficient of the forming carbide intermediate layer and that of the graphite or due to an excess of the operating temperature of the soldered joint compared to the melting temperature of the mentioned intermediate layer, no high heat resistance of the soldered joint, the z. B. is used at a temperature of more than 20,000 C.
The present invention is based on the object of creating a method for soldering graphite parts which ensures increased resistance of the soldered joint to high temperatures (of more than 20,000 ° C.).
The object is achieved by a method of soldering graphite parts, in which a metal layer is applied between the joint surfaces of the soldered parts to be soldered together and the joint is heated, the heating being carried out according to the invention to a temperature which is the temperature at which the eutectic metal carbide-carbon forms, does not fall below.
It is advisable to carry out the heating to a temperature which is 20500 C higher than that of the beginning of the formation of the eutectic metal carbide carbon in order to produce a reliable soldered connection.
The present invention is conveniently carried out as follows. A metal layer serving as solder is applied between the joint surfaces of the graphite parts to be soldered and the joint is heated. A metal is used as solder which, when heated with graphite, forms the liquid eutectic phase metal carbide-carbon.
The following metals can be used as solder: molybdenum with eutectic melting point 2500 C, yttrium with eutectic melting point 24000 C, Zer with 21500 C, boron carbide with 21500 C, nickel with 13200 C and the like. a.
Using easily melting metals, such as. B. Ni or their connection, the solder temperature can be reduced without reducing the heat resistance of a soldered seam.
The heating at the joint between the soldering parts and the soldering metal takes place up to a temperature which does not fall below the temperature at which the eutectic metal carbide carbon is formed.
When heated, graphite grains crystallize out at the joint, which also belong to the parts to be soldered, and the structure changes from a pure carbide structure to a mixed structure consisting of carbide and graphite.
The solder acts as an intermediate element; H.
Eutectic carbon generator and provides the ability to make seams that are reliable at high temperatures.
Because graphite predominates at the joint and there is no sharp carbide structure, the heat resistance of the connection is increased and the thermal-physical and mechanical properties of the soldered connection approach the characteristics of the base material, i.e. H. Graphite.
In order to ensure even heating in the entire cross-section of the joint surfaces of the parts to be soldered, especially parts with large dimensions
With a complicated shape, the heating is expediently carried out to a temperature which is approximately 20-50 ° C. higher than the temperature at which the metal carbide-carbon eutectic begins to form.
The invention is explained in more detail below using specific exemplary embodiments.
For example
Two round bars made of graphite with a density of 1.9 g / cm3 are selected for connection. Molybdenum, which forms the eutectic metal carbide carbon at 24500 C, is used as solder. A 0.3 mm thick molybdenum foil is attached between the graphite contact surfaces, a force of 0.3 kg / mm2 is applied and heated to 2470 ° C. in an inert medium with a holding time of 2.5 minutes.
The photomicrographic examination has shown that a sharply defined seam boundary cannot be determined. In the tensile test at 20,000 C, the solder seam strength was that of the base material, i.e. H. Graphite, close. Although the seam strength at 28,000 C is up to 60% of the strength of the graphite base material, i.e. H. 115 to 155 kgf / cm2, this strength is also high when the graphite parts are used in ratios of high, i.e. H.
more than 20000 C, temperatures sufficient.
Given that the melting temperature of molybdenum carbides does not exceed 27,000 C, the test rods would have to disintegrate because of the melting of the carbide interlayer. But this does not take place. The latter fact indicates that molybdenum only plays an intermediate role and the connection of the parts is made by graphite grains, which are precipitated from the liquid metal carbide-carbon phase.
Example 2
Two tubes with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 10 mm are made of graphite and have a density of 1.85 g / cm3. A thin layer of nickel powder is used as solder, which forms the eutectic nickel carbide-carbon at 13200 C. A force of 0.2 kp / mm2 is applied. The heating is carried out in an argon medium with a holding time of 3 minutes at 1360.degree. In the tensile test, the strength values were analogous to those in Example 1.
The test results indicate that the soldering temperature can be reduced without reducing the seam resistance to high temperatures.
In accordance with the above, it can be said that the proposed invention makes it possible to produce graphite solder joints with increased resistance to high temperatures.
Thanks to the use of easily melting metals, for example Ni, as solder, the soldering temperature can also be reduced without having reduced the heat resistance of the seam.
The advantages mentioned can be used when soldering graphite parts intended for atomic technology, where it is particularly important that the seam does not differ in composition and properties from the base material, as well as when soldering parts with large dimensions, where the heating temperature of the connecting plate a limiting factor is to be realized.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH90270A CH511667A (en) | 1970-01-22 | 1970-01-22 | Welding graphite parts |
| CA130,606A CA990825A (en) | 1970-01-22 | 1971-12-20 | Optical smoke detector |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH90270A CH511667A (en) | 1970-01-22 | 1970-01-22 | Welding graphite parts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH511667A true CH511667A (en) | 1971-08-31 |
Family
ID=4197835
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH90270A CH511667A (en) | 1970-01-22 | 1970-01-22 | Welding graphite parts |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CA (1) | CA990825A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH511667A (en) |
-
1970
- 1970-01-22 CH CH90270A patent/CH511667A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-12-20 CA CA130,606A patent/CA990825A/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA990825A (en) | 1976-06-08 |
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