CH554501A - AXLE FOR FINE MECHANICAL DEVICES. - Google Patents
AXLE FOR FINE MECHANICAL DEVICES.Info
- Publication number
- CH554501A CH554501A CH1398072A CH1398072A CH554501A CH 554501 A CH554501 A CH 554501A CH 1398072 A CH1398072 A CH 1398072A CH 1398072 A CH1398072 A CH 1398072A CH 554501 A CH554501 A CH 554501A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- titanium nitride
- axles
- titanium
- steel
- layer
- Prior art date
Links
- NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium nitride Chemical compound [Ti]#N NRTOMJZYCJJWKI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical group [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010979 ruby Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001750 ruby Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010574 gas phase reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trimethyl(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethyl)silane Chemical compound C[Si](C)(C)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F MTPVUVINMAGMJL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910000531 Co alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007747 plating Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003609 titanium compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 titanium halide Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J titanium tetrachloride Chemical compound Cl[Ti](Cl)(Cl)Cl XJDNKRIXUMDJCW-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 claims description 2
- UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten carbide Chemical compound [W+]#[C-] UONOETXJSWQNOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 claims description 2
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C16/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes
- C23C16/22—Chemical coating by decomposition of gaseous compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, i.e. chemical vapour deposition [CVD] processes characterised by the deposition of inorganic material, other than metallic material
- C23C16/30—Deposition of compounds, mixtures or solid solutions, e.g. borides, carbides, nitrides
- C23C16/34—Nitrides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
- F16C3/00—Shafts; Axles; Cranks; Eccentrics
- F16C3/02—Shafts; Axles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B13/00—Gearwork
- G04B13/02—Wheels; Pinions; Spindles; Pivots
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
- Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
Description
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist eine Achse für feinmechanische Geräte, welche dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass sie einen Eisenkern und eine auf dessen Oberfläche durch Gasphasenreaktion niedergeschlagene Schicht aus Titannitrid aufweist.
In der Feinmechanik ist es erforderlich, dass die Achsen, insbesondere die Lagerachsen in Messinstrumenten, weitgehend bruch-, verschleiss- und korrosionsfest sind und an der Oberfläche einen möglichst niedrigen Reibungswiderstand zeigen. Als Material wählt man für diesen Zweck daher Stahl, vorzugsweise rostfreien Stahl, Nivapoint (Cobaltlegierung), Hartmetall oder Rubin, wobei jedoch jedes Material die erwünschten Eigenschaften nur zum Teil aufweist, sowohl hinsichtlich der Qualität als auch der Quantität derselben.
Hartmetall- und Rubinachsen sind beispielsweise verhältnismässig stark bruchempfindlich. Hinzu kommt die Frage der Wirtschaftlichkeit des gewählten Materials, denn je aufwendiger die Bearbeitung ist, desto unrentabler ist dessen Verwendung, wobei sich die Ausbeute an einwandfreien Stücken durch eine Vielzahl von Bearbeitungsmassnahmen ausserdem noch verringert. Achsen aus Hartmetall müssen beispielsweise gepresst, gesintert, geschliffen und poliert werden.
Es wurde nun gefunden, dass Achsen aus Eisen, vorzugsweise Stahl, auf deren Oberfläche eine Titannitridschicht abgelagert wurde, alle Forderungen erfüllt, die man an sie stellt. Die Herstellung der Titannitridüberzüge durch Gasphasenreaktion erfolgt nach bekannten Verfahren, vorzugsweise aus einer in Titanhalogenid und Stickstoff und/oder Ammoniak enthaltenden Atmosphäre. Ein Überzug aus Titannitrid kann auch durch Reaktion einer organischen Titanverbindung mit Stickstoff und Wasserstoff bei erhöhten Temperaturen abgeschieden werden. Die Verfahren der Gasplattierung von Titannitrid und ihre Modifikationen sind u. a. aus den deutschen Patentschriften Nr. 600 374, 970 456,1 056 449, 1 056 450, 1 065 442 und 1 089 240 sowie der britischen Patentschrift Nr. 588 239 und der US-Patentschrift Nr.
2 865 791 bekannt.
Die in bekannter Weise abgeschiedene Titannitridschicht haftet ausgezeichnet auf dem Eisen, wobei die Schichtstärke 1 bis 10 llm, vorzugsweise 2 bis 6 Rm, beträgt und ein Wert für die Mikrohärte dieser Schicht von HVo.os = 1800 bis 2800 kp/ mm2 gemessen werden kann. Die Schicht erweckt einen metallischen Eindruck und sieht messingfarben aus. Achsen aus einer Stahl-Titannitrid-Kombination sind weder spröde noch bruchempfindlich, wie z. B. Hartmetallachsen. Die Herstellung der Stahl-Titannitrid-Achsen ist wesentlich einfacher und billiger als die der Achsen aus Hartmetall und Rubin, da mehrere 10 000 Stück Stahlachsen gleichzeitig mit Titannitrid beschichtet werden können. Der Verschleiss von Titannitrid ist geringer als von Hartmetall und entspricht ungefähr dem von Rubin.
Der Vorteil der Titannitrid-Beschichtung gegenüber der Titancarbid-Beschichtung, wie sie in den schweizerischen Patenten Nr. 452 205 und 455 856 beschrieben wird, besteht vor allem darin, dass auch kohlenstoffarmer Stahl mit Titannitrid beschichtet werden kann, während derselbe für eine Titancarbid-Beschichtung mit ausreichender Haftung zunächst aufgekohlt werden müsste. Schliesslich entfällt bei der Beschichtung mit Titannitrid auch das Zwischenpolieren, das beim Titancarbid erforderlich ist.
Die vorliegende Erfindung ermöglicht die Schaffung möglichst wartungsfreier Achsen für Präzisionsmessinstrumente, da der Reibungswiderstand dieser Achsen überraschenderweise so gering ist, dass sich die Schmierung der Lager erübrigt oder zumindest erheblich verringern lässt.
Beispiel
Eine Anzahl Lagerachsen von 1 bis 5 mm Länge und 0,1 mm Durchmesser aus rostfreiem Stahl 18 X C34HV Sandvik, die in Präzisionsmessinstrumenten Verwendung finden, wurden in einem Quarzrohr derart deponiert, dass eine allseitige Beschichtung möglich war. Die zu beschichtenden Lagerachsen lagen im polierten Zustand vor. Über sie wurde nun bei einer Temperatur von 950ob und einem Druck von 100 Torr ein Gasgemisch geleitet, das 94 Vol. Nc Wasserstoff, 4 Vol. Nc Stickstoff und 2 Vol. % Titantetrachlorid enthielt. Die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit betrug 2 1/min und die Beschichtungsdauer 4 Stunden.
Danach waren die Lagerachsen mit einer Titannitridschicht von 5 llm Dicke versehen, wobei es empfehlenwert jedoch nicht notwendig war, die beschichteten Achsen mit Diamantpaste nachzupolieren.
PATENTANSPRUCH
Achse für feinmechanische Geräte, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sei einen Eisenkern und eine auf dessen Oberfläche durch Gasphasenreaktion niedergeschlagene Schicht aus Titannitrid aufweist.
**WARNUNG** Ende DESC Feld konnte Anfang CLMS uberlappen**.
The subject of the invention is an axle for precision mechanical devices, which is characterized in that it has an iron core and a layer of titanium nitride deposited on its surface by gas phase reaction.
In precision mechanics, it is necessary that the axes, in particular the bearing axes in measuring instruments, are largely resistant to breakage, wear and corrosion and have the lowest possible frictional resistance on the surface. The material chosen for this purpose is therefore steel, preferably stainless steel, Nivapoint (cobalt alloy), hard metal or ruby, although each material only partially exhibits the desired properties, both in terms of quality and quantity.
Tungsten carbide and ruby axles, for example, are relatively fragile. In addition, there is the question of the economic viability of the selected material, because the more complex the processing, the more unprofitable is its use, and the yield of flawless pieces is further reduced by a large number of processing measures. Hard metal axles, for example, have to be pressed, sintered, ground and polished.
It has now been found that axles made of iron, preferably steel, on the surface of which a titanium nitride layer has been deposited, meets all requirements that are placed on them. The production of the titanium nitride coatings by gas phase reaction takes place according to known processes, preferably from an atmosphere containing titanium halide and nitrogen and / or ammonia. A coating of titanium nitride can also be deposited by reacting an organic titanium compound with nitrogen and hydrogen at elevated temperatures. The methods of gas plating titanium nitride and their modifications include: a. from German Patent Nos. 600,374, 970 456,1 056 449, 1,056,450, 1,065,442 and 1,089,240 as well as British Patent No. 588 239 and US Patent No.
2,865,791 known.
The titanium nitride layer deposited in a known manner adheres excellently to the iron, the layer thickness being 1 to 10 μm, preferably 2 to 6 μm, and a value for the microhardness of this layer of HVo.os = 1800 to 2800 kp / mm2 can be measured. The layer gives a metallic impression and looks brass-colored. Axles made of a steel-titanium nitride combination are neither brittle nor fragile, such as B. Carbide axles. The production of the steel-titanium nitride axles is much easier and cheaper than that of the axles made of hard metal and ruby, since several 10,000 pieces of steel axles can be coated with titanium nitride at the same time. The wear of titanium nitride is less than that of hard metal and roughly corresponds to that of ruby.
The advantage of the titanium nitride coating compared to the titanium carbide coating, as it is described in Swiss patents 452 205 and 455 856, is primarily that low-carbon steel can also be coated with titanium nitride, while the same applies to a titanium carbide coating would first have to be carburized with sufficient adhesion. Finally, when coating with titanium nitride, there is no need for intermediate polishing, which is necessary with titanium carbide.
The present invention enables the creation of axes for precision measuring instruments that are as maintenance-free as possible, since the frictional resistance of these axes is surprisingly so low that the lubrication of the bearings is unnecessary or at least considerably reduced.
example
A number of bearing axles 1 to 5 mm long and 0.1 mm in diameter made of stainless steel 18 X C34HV Sandvik, which are used in precision measuring instruments, were deposited in a quartz tube in such a way that coating on all sides was possible. The bearing axles to be coated were in a polished state. A gas mixture which contained 94 vol. Nc hydrogen, 4 vol. Nc nitrogen and 2 vol.% Titanium tetrachloride was then passed over it at a temperature of 950ob and a pressure of 100 torr. The flow rate was 2 l / min and the coating time was 4 hours.
Thereafter, the bearing axles were provided with a titanium nitride layer with a thickness of 5 .mu.m, although it was recommended, but not necessary, to repolish the coated axles with diamond paste.
PATENT CLAIM
Axle for precision mechanical devices, characterized in that it has an iron core and a layer of titanium nitride deposited on its surface by a gas phase reaction.
** WARNING ** End of DESC field could overlap beginning of CLMS **.
Claims (1)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1398072A CH554501A (en) | 1971-12-28 | 1971-12-28 | AXLE FOR FINE MECHANICAL DEVICES. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1398072A CH554501A (en) | 1971-12-28 | 1971-12-28 | AXLE FOR FINE MECHANICAL DEVICES. |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH554501A true CH554501A (en) | 1974-09-30 |
Family
ID=4396926
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH1398072A CH554501A (en) | 1971-12-28 | 1971-12-28 | AXLE FOR FINE MECHANICAL DEVICES. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH554501A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103941572A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 奥米加股份有限公司 | Components for watch movements |
-
1971
- 1971-12-28 CH CH1398072A patent/CH554501A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103941572A (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | 奥米加股份有限公司 | Components for watch movements |
| EP2757423A1 (en) * | 2013-01-17 | 2014-07-23 | Omega SA | Part for clockwork |
| US9182742B2 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2015-11-10 | Omega S.A. | Part for a timepiece movement |
| US9389587B2 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2016-07-12 | Omega S.A. | Part for a timepiece movement |
| EP2757423B1 (en) | 2013-01-17 | 2018-07-11 | Omega SA | Part for clockwork |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PL | Patent ceased | ||
| PL | Patent ceased |