CH623355A5 - Heavy duty washing powder - Google Patents

Abstract

The heavy duty washing powder contains a surface-active system which essentially consists of a synthetic, organic, anionic, non-soap-like surface-active agent and a water-soluble soap and of a builder system which contains a water-soluble soap and a tripolyphosphate. The content of synthetic, organic, anionic, non-soap-like surface-active agent is 5 to 50% by weight, that of water-soluble soap is 10 to 30% by weight and that of tripolyphosphate salt is 10 to 25% by weight. The soap can be a mixture of soaps of tallow-like fats and coconut oil soaps in a ratio by weight of 9 : 1 to 3 : 1. The ratio by weight of soaps to tripolyphosphate salt is generally less than 1 : 1.

Description

The invention relates to a high-performance washing machine. The soaps used are preferably the sodium

ver, which contains a surface-active system, which in the 40 or, less desirable, potassium salts of Cs-C22 fatty acids, essentially from a synthetic, organic, anionic, in particular natural, fatty acids derived from nut oils, e.g. B. see non-soap surfactants and a coconut oil or palm kernel oil, or sebum-class fats, such as water-soluble soap and from a builder system that a z. ß. Contains beef or sheep tallow, palm oil, bacon, various water-soluble soap and a tripolyphosphate salt, derive plant butter and castor oil. It is essential that something exists. 45 soap from the class of tallow soaps to use the soaps

The most commonly used builders (predominantly C14-C20- (mainly cis-) fatty acids) are the condensed phosphates, especially sodium tripo- Of which at least about 40% is normally saturated lyphosphate, but it has been stated that the use Are fatty acids. If this phosphate can contribute to eutrophication problems, the sebum-class fats can, if desired, be hardened to reduce the unsaturated fat content. Many proposals have been made for mainly 50 acids, e.g. B. oleic acid and linoleic acid, and this organic materials, which are particularly useful as builders (builders), when some more polyunsaturated instead of the condensed phosphates are to be used. B. Soybean oil, tenten as fats of the sebum class, made, but most of these materials are to be used from the considerable proportions.

unsatisfactory for one reason or another, e.g. For example, mixtures of soaps that are less effective or biologically unacceptable are used, or they are derived from fats of the sebum class and from nut oils, which are too expensive. Soaps with mainly C10-C14, mainly Ci2 fatty acids

It has also been suggested that the eutrophication processes (of which at least about 75% are normally saturated blemes by using smaller amounts of condensed fatty acids; again, as desired, the nut oils phosphates as builders, with or without a white hardener. Such mixtures have slightly better solubility builders to provide, but few of these suggestions have been 60 times as tallow soaps alone, combined with sufficient levels of acceptability, so if lower amounts of sodium gene are used calcium soap solubilities can be used for satisfactory builder-tripolyphosphate without additional builders With kung and sufficiently low critical micelle concentrations, the use of the agents in hard water causes considerable problems which approach that of sebum soap alone, to any soap excess, if there is not enough phosphate to act as an additional wash-active component bind existing calcium ions, as this z Leave ur precipitation 65. The preferred mixtures are in a range of insoluble calcium phosphate salts that range from about 9: 1 to 3: 1 parts by weight of tallow soap to nut oil soap. tissues. If a condenser generally gives higher levels of tallow phosphate soaps than builders with other types of builders in such mixtures give better builder properties,

3,623,355

while higher levels of nut oil soaps found better solubility that amounts of about 16% or 14% (at 4% produce properties. If desired, soap can contain phosphorus) lead to good performance for agents used in the sebum class alone. relatively high product concentrations used

In addition to sebum-class soap and, if applicable, everyone should be, i.e. about 0.3 to about 0.8 percent by weight, like nut oil soap, longer carbon chain soap can be used if it is common practice in Europe, especially in the ones desired from the front, especially C2o-C24 soaps, automatic washing machines fed on the side. At z. B. rapeseed soaps, which, however, are to be used because of the foam-suppressing agents, which are useful with relatively low product concentration properties, or soaps of synthetic fatty acids, d. H. about 0.1 to "0.3%, like ren. In contrast to naturally occurring or derived washing practices in North America, particularly fatty acids, the linear carbon chains with straight cohesions in automatic feeds from above Having washing machine substance number, synthetic fatty acids can both, it has been found that amounts of about 16% sodium tri and even numbers and both alinear and polyphosphate and about 30% soap are required.

to be branched. Synthetic fatty acid with a length of the detergents according to the invention necessarily contain

Carbon chain predominantly of C14-C20, which is preferably an amount of a synthetic organic, anio-saturated to at least about 40% and at least about 75% 15% surfactant. Many suitable waschak-linear, partial or full substitutes for natural compounds of this type are commercially available and used in sebum soaps, and synthetic fatty acids are described in detail in the literature, e.g. in Schwartz, Perry ren with a length of the carbon chain predominantly von and Berch, "Surface Active Agents and Detergents", Volumes I Cio-Ci ", preferably at least about 75% saturated and zu und II.

at least about 50% linear, can be partial or full. The preferred compounds are water-soluble alkali substitutes for natural nut oil soaps. If metal salts of organic sulfates and sulfonates with alkyl radicals are branched-chain fatty acids, they are preferred with 8 to 22 KKKlenstoffatomen, where the expression alkyl a-alkyl, z. B. a-methyl branched, less highly branched. is used here in the sense that it includes the alkyl residue in the past there have been many suggestions for users of the acyl residue. Examples of suitable synthetic additives for sodium tripolyphosphate as detergent builders in anionic detergents are sodium and potassium alkylsul detergents with soap as a detergent active material. For example, fate, especially those obtained by sulfating the higher it in so-called ternary active mixtures for use (Cs-Cis) alcohol, as is customary by reducing the manure in low-foaming agents, some soap, to glycerides from tallow or coconut oil are produced, and a small proportion of up to about 8 percent by weight, especially the Ci6.i8 primary alkyl sulfate; To have sodium and lie. Such soaps are normally tallow soaps 30 potassium alkyl (G> -C2o) benzenesulfonate, especially sodium or soaps of longer chain fatty acids. Also detergents on lin.-sec.-alkyl (Ci0-Ci5) -benzenesulfonate; Sodium alkylglyceryl-based soap contained small amounts of ether sulfates, especially those ethers of higher alcohols,

Sodium tripolyphosphate. However, according to previous knowledge, which are derived from tallow or coconut oil, and more synthetically, the special mixtures of alcohols which are derived from petroleum have not yet been proposed; Sodium coconut detergent components, sodium tripolyphosphate and soap 35 oil fatty acid monoglyceride sulfates and sulfonates; Sodium and in the ratios given below for use in potassium salts of sulfuric acid esters of higher (C9-Cis> detergents according to the invention. Fatty alcohol alkylene oxide, especially ethylene oxide reac

The ratio of soap to sodium tripolyphosphate in ion products; Reaction products of fatty acids, such as. B. the detergent is preferably less than 1: 1, generally coconut fatty acids, esterified with isethionic acid and neutralized about 0.75: 1 to about 0.9: 1 parts by weight. The total 40 with sodium hydroxide; Sodium and potassium salts of fatty acid in sodium tripolyphosphate and soap is preferred amides of methyl taurine; Alkane monosulfonates, such as. B. Deri-about 25 to about 50% and especially about 30 to about 50 vate from the reaction of alpha-olefins (C8-C20) with weight percent of the composition. Lower levels of sodium-sodium bisulfite and from the reaction of paraffins with SO2 tripolyphosphate are intended either for use with higher and CI2 and subsequent hydrolysis with a base to a product concentration or in soft water. 45 any sulfonate; and olefin sulfonates, with which the reaction

The amount of sodium tripolyphosphate is selected in accordance with the product of olefins, in particular alpha-olefins, with the total content of phosphate builder which is present in the SO3 after neutralization and hydrolysis of the reaction product.

Detergent is desired, or according to the maximum tes is called.

permissible phosphate content. Sodium tripolyphosphate is normally used - if desired, small amounts of nonionic may be used in addition, in an amount within the range of about 15 50 surfactants, up to 20 percent by weight of the agent, e.g. B. to facilitate about 16 soap residue foam distribution and its weight percent. The agents according to the invention are intended to inhibit deposition on washing machine parts. Preferred

however, for reasons of environmental protection with a lower amount of phos- phere, however, non-ionic surfactants are used, smaller amounts become entirely. Examples of suitable non-ionic surfaces are used. A value of less than 20% by weight 55 active agents are the reaction products of alkylene oxides, on average sodium tripolyphosphate corresponds less than about usual ethylene oxide, with alkyl (C6-C22> phenols, generally 5% by weight phosphorus) and it is a characteristic of the invention 5 to 25 ÄO, ie 5 to 25 ethylene oxide units per manure, that detergents with these low phosphate molecule, the condensation products can be produced from aliphatic and nevertheless good detergent (Cs-Cis) primary or secondary alcohols with ethylene oxide,

have properties. m generally 6 to 30 ÄO, and condensation products of

The minimum level of soap to be present is 10 ethyl oxide with the reaction products of propylene oxide and

Weight percent of the composition, and the maximum content is 30 ethylenediamine. Other so-called nonionic waschak weight percent, preferably less than about 25 weight-proactive compounds are e.g. B. long-chain tertiary amine oxides,

percent of the agent and in particular about 15 to about 20 long-chain tertiary phosphine oxides and dialkyl sulfonates, the weight percent. 65 are actually semi-polar connections.

The amounts of sodium tripolyphosphate and soap for use in amphoteric or zwitterionic washing-active compounds in a particular detergent are selected according to the gene, washing conditions used in agents according to the invention can also be expected. It has become exemplary, but this is usually because of its relatively high

623355

Costs not desired. If amphoteric or zwitterionic detergent compounds are used at all, then generally only in very small amounts. However, some zwitterionic or amphoteric compounds, especially sulfobetaines such as e.g. Hexadecyldimethyl-ammoniopropanesulfonate, have useful properties with regard to the distribution of soap foam residues.

The amount of synthetic, organic, detergent-active compound (s) used is in the range from 5 to 50%, preferably about 7 to about 15%, based on the weight of the composition, depending on the properties desired. Part of the added soap can also act as a detergent compound under so-called "over-coated" circumstances, i. H. at higher product concentrations or when using soft water. The ratio of the total detergent compounds to the total amount of sodium tripolyphosphate and soap should generally be in the range from about 10: 1 to 1:10, in particular about 3: 1 to 1: 5 parts by weight.

In addition to the detergent compounds and detergent builders, a detergent powder for fabrics according to the invention can contain any of the conventional additives in amounts in which such additives are normally used in such detergent powders. Examples of these additives are foam boosters, e.g. Alkanolamides, in particular the monoethanolamides derived from palm kernel fatty acids and coconut fatty acids, agents which promote the flowability or flowability of the powder, e.g. Silicon oxides and aluminosilicates, anti-foaming agents, anti-redeposition agents such as Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, oxygen-releasing bleaches, e.g. Sodium perborate and sodium percarbonate, peracid precursors for bleaching, chlorine-releasing bleaching agents, e.g. Trichlo-risocyanuric acid and alkali metal salts of dichloroisocyanuric acid, fabric softening agents such as e.g. Smec-tit and Illit-type clays, ashes-counteracting auxiliaries, starches, soap foam distributing agents, inorganic salts, such as Sodium sulfate and, usually present in very small amounts, fluorescent agents, perfumes, enzymes, such as. B. proteases and amylases,. Germicides and colorants. In addition, it may be desirable to add slurry stabilizers, such as e.g. Polyethylene / maleic anhydride copolymer and polyvinyl methyl ether / maleic anhydride copolymer, usually in salt form.

It is also possible to add smaller amounts, e.g. not more than 25% by weight of other detergent builders, which can be either the so-called precipitation builders or complexing builders. This can be of particular advantage where it is desired to increase the cleaning action when using particularly low levels of sodium tripolyphosphate in order to achieve particularly low levels of phosphorus in the detergents. Examples of such further detergent builders are amine carboxylates, e.g. Sodium nitrilotriacetate and sodium carbonate. It can also be noted that minor proportions of sodium pyrophosphate and sodium orthophosphate are normally formed by hydrolysis of sodium tripolyphosphate during atomization or spray drying to produce the detergent powders, so low levels of these other phosphate builders may be present in the detergents.

It is desirable to incorporate an amount of an alkali metal silicate, in particular sodium-o-, -m- or preferably a neutral or alkaline silicate into the agents. The

The presence of such an alkali metal silicate in amounts of e.g. B. about 5 to about 15 percent by weight is usually beneficial for reducing corrosion of metal parts in washing machines, apart from offering processing advantages and generally improved powder properties. In addition, the amount of silicate can be used to some extent to control the pH of the compositions, which generally ranges from about 9 to about 11, preferably from about 9.5 to about 10.5, in the aqueous solution of the compositions at those recommended Concentrations should be. A higher pH, i.e. above about pH 10.5, while more effective in terms of cleaning performance, is less desirable for household safety reasons.

The detergent can be made by any of the conventionally used techniques for making detergents for fabrics, including in particular making a slurry and spray drying. However, it has been found that the presence of substantial amounts of soap in the detergent slurries leads to problems with spray drying, particularly in the manufacture of powders with low bulk density and high levels of small particles (fines).

It has proven advantageous to prepare the detergents by preparing a slurry and spray drying, with either no soap at all or only a portion, preferably not more than about 8 percent by weight, being added to the slurry and all or the rest of the soap being spray-dried Powder in particle form is added subsequently, for example as «pasta», granules, pellets, ribbons, shavings, flakes, balls or «marumes». In this case, it may be advantageous to use minor components, e.g. B. perfumes, the detergents in the replenished soap particles. Such soap particles can be made by conventional methods, depending on the final shape and size desired, and the soap is preferably ground thoroughly before the particles are formed, as this leads to improved solubility, especially for particles with a higher content of tallow soap .

On the other hand, it is possible to spray dry two separate slurries, either in the same or in different atomizing drying towers, and then mix them to form the final agent. In this case, one slurry contains all of the major ingredients, but not more than about 8 percent by weight of soap, and the other slurry contains the major portion of the soap with other minor ingredients. The term "atomization or spray drying" used above includes processes in which detergent slurries are sprayed into a relatively hot gas, usually air, either in countercurrent or cocurrent, and processes in which hotter slurries are sprayed in relatively cool air , ie in the so-called atomization cooling or flash drying processes. Conventional slurry and drying gas temperatures are used in such spray drying processes for the production of detergents according to the invention.

Further advantages, features and embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the following description of examples, in which parts and percentages are by weight, unless otherwise stated, illustrating the invention.

example 1

A detergent was made to the following formulation:

4th

5

10th

15

20th

25th

30th

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

5

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component

%

component

Parts

Weight prc

Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate

7

cent of the nonionic detergent compound

3rd

manufacture

Soap 1

6

5

Means

Soap «noodles» 2

12th

Sodium tripolyphosphate

19th

Sodium soap (tallow: coconut 74:26)

29.7

25.8

Sodium sulfate

9

Coconut fatty acid ethanolamide

1.6

1.4

Sodium silicate

8th

alkaline sodium silicate

6.0

5.2

Sodium perborate

25th

io sodium ethylenediaminetetraacetate

0.2

0.2

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

1

Fluorescent agent

0.4

0.3

Moisture + minor components too

100

humidity

Rest too

100

45.0

1 sodium soap made from tallow fatty acids and hardened rapeseed fatty acids (1: 1 mixture) added to the detergent slurry.

2 “Noodles” from sodium soap, made from a mixture of tallow soap and coconut soap (70:30).

The above agent was prepared by spray drying an aqueous slurry of the ingredients, excluding the soap noodles and sodium perborate, which were replenished with the spray dried powder. The composition had a higher bulk density and better powder properties than a powder of the same formulation, produced by spray drying the entire composition with the exception of the sodium perborate.

This agent performed favorably in terms of cleaning properties in comparison with a commercially available, low-foaming agent which contained 35% sodium tripolyphosphate instead of the mixture of sodium tripolyphosphate and beebuilders with otherwise similar constituents.

Example 2

A spray dried detergent was made for the following formulation:

This agent was then mixed together with 45 parts by weight of a separately spray dried agent of the following formulation:

15 The resulting agent was found to be favorable in terms of cleaning properties in comparison with commercially available non-ionic and anionic detergents containing 33% sodium tripolyphosphate.

20 Example 3

The procedure of Example 2 was repeated except that instead of the 45 parts of the spray-dried soap-based agent, 30 parts of potassium tallow soap in noodle form were added to the spray-dried powder. This achieved similarly favorable cleaning properties.

Example 4

A detergent was made for the following formulation:

component

component

Parts

Weight per

cent of

manufacture

Means

Sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate

16.0

13.9

Sodium tripolyphosphate

16.0

13.9

alkaline sodium silicate

6.0

5.2

Sodium

20.0

17.4

Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose

0.4

0.3

Water and fluorescent

11.6

10.1

70.0

%

35 alkylbenzenesulfonate tallow alcohol -18 ÄO sodium tallow soap sodium soap hardened fish oil sodium atrium tripolyphosphate 40 alkaline sodium silicate sodium atrium carboxymethyl cellulose fluorescent and preservative sodium atrium perborate water (and minor additives)

45

7.0 1.5 15.0 3.0 19.0 5.0 1.5 0.4 30.0 18.6

100.0

This product was made by making a slurry and spray drying with all ingredients except the perborate combined in the slurry and the perborate was mixed with the resulting powder.

It was shown that this washing powder had good cleaning properties in comparison with commercially available washing powder 55 higher phosphate content (30%).

G

Claims (7)

623355 2 If patent claims are used, they tend to interact, 1. High-performance washing powder, which contains a surface-active And often the former hinder the effectiveness of the system, which essentially consists of a synthetic, especially in the case of other builders, which act in an organic, anionic, non-soap-like manner that they precipitate the calcium salt, e.g. B. sodium carbonate. 5 and it has now been found that certain mixtures of syn-system, which contains a water-soluble soap and a tripolyphos- thetic, organic, anionic surface-active phate salt, are characterized in that agents, Sodium tripolyphosphate and water-soluble soap a) which show synthetic, organic, anionic, non-soap-like cleaning action, which is equivalent to agents with high phosphate-based surfactants 5 to 50% by weight. b) the water-soluble soap 10 to 30 wt .-% and io the high-performance washing powder according to the invention, which c) the tripolyphosphate salt contains between 10 and 20 wt .-% of the surface-active system, which essentially make up washing powder, the rest from other washing powder consists of a synthetic, organic, anionic, non-agent components. surfactant-like surfactants and from a builder 2. High-performance washing powder according to claim 1, system, which consists of a water-soluble soap and a tripolyphosphate, characterized in that the soap contains 15 to 25 wt .-% of the 15 salt, is characterized in claim 1. Detergent powder. By a suitable choice of the amount of sodium tripolyphos- 3. High-performance washing powder according to claim 1, phat and soap, it is possible to form effective detergents, characterized in that the soap is between 10 and 15 l, which makes up lower phosphorus contents than conventional% by weight of the washing powder. Detergent of comparable performance included. Insofar as 4.High performance washing powder according to claim 1, 20 these two substances normally act differently, i.e. characterized in that the soap is a mixture of Seisodium tripolyphosphate as a complexing framework of the tallowy fats and coconut oil soaps in a weight punch and the soap as a precipitation builder, it is surprising, ratio of 9: 1 to 3 : 1 is. that a mixture of these substances is so effective. In particular 5. High-performance washing powder according to claim 1, the inclination of sodium tripolyphosphate, inorganic is characterized in that the weight ratio of 25 deposits on washed fabrics or fabrics to soap to tripolyphosphate salt is less than 1: 1. cause when in small amounts in detergents 6. High-performance washing powder according to one of the patent is used, reduced in the presence of the soap. Further spoke 1 to 5, characterized in that the synthetic, the sodium tripolyphosphate does not seem to inhibit the builder effect of the organic, anionic, non-soap-like surface-active soaps, but this contains an alkyl sulfate salt in many other agents. 30 detergents is the case, and each not as calcium salt 7. high-performance washing powder according to claim 6, felled soap, z. B. if the agent in soft water or characterized in that the alkyl sulfate salt, the sodium higher product concentrations are used, may contain as the salt of primary Ciö.is alkanol sulfate. detergent-active compound act, whereby the cleaning effect or washing power of the detergent is increased. The potassium salt can be used in place of sodium tripolyphosphate, but is more expensive and, for simplicity, the use of the sodium salt is described and illustrated in this specification.