CH638093A5 - Vorrichtung zum anpassen einer hueftgelenkprothese. - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zum anpassen einer hueftgelenkprothese. Download PDFInfo
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- CH638093A5 CH638093A5 CH786178A CH786178A CH638093A5 CH 638093 A5 CH638093 A5 CH 638093A5 CH 786178 A CH786178 A CH 786178A CH 786178 A CH786178 A CH 786178A CH 638093 A5 CH638093 A5 CH 638093A5
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- Prior art keywords
- head
- bearing insert
- handle
- fitting
- adapter
- Prior art date
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- 210000004394 hip joint Anatomy 0.000 title claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001954 sterilising effect Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 210000001624 hip Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 210000000689 upper leg Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005123 Celcon® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920004943 Delrin® Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 210000000588 acetabulum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000011354 acetal resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000684 Cobalt-chrome Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 101000911772 Homo sapiens Hsc70-interacting protein Proteins 0.000 description 1
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- 239000010952 cobalt-chrome Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002436 femur neck Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011540 hip replacement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001356 surgical procedure Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011541 total hip replacement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008733 trauma Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000472 traumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
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- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/46—Special tools for implanting artificial joints
- A61F2/4603—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof
- A61F2/4609—Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of acetabular cups
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30329—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
- A61F2002/30476—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
- A61F2002/305—Snap connection
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30594—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for slotted, e.g. radial or meridian slot ending in a polar aperture, non-polar slots, horizontal or arcuate slots
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2002/30001—Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
- A61F2002/30316—The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30535—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
- A61F2002/30604—Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for modular
- A61F2002/30616—Sets comprising a plurality of prosthetic parts of different sizes or orientations
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/34—Acetabular cups
- A61F2002/348—Additional features
- A61F2002/349—Shell having a wavy or undulated peripheral rim
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
- A61F2002/3611—Heads or epiphyseal parts of femur
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
- A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
- A61F2/30—Joints
- A61F2/32—Joints for the hip
- A61F2/36—Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
- A61F2/3609—Femoral heads or necks; Connections of endoprosthetic heads or necks to endoprosthetic femoral shafts
- A61F2002/3625—Necks
- A61F2002/3631—Necks with an integral complete or partial peripheral collar or bearing shoulder at its base
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2220/00—Fixations or connections for prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2220/0025—Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
- A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
- A61F2250/006—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for modular
- A61F2250/0064—Sets comprising a plurality of prosthetic parts of different sizes
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- Transplantation (AREA)
- Vascular Medicine (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Cardiology (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Prostheses (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Vorrichtung zum Anpassen einer Hüftgelenkprothese.
Prothetische Kugelgelenke für chirurgischen Ersatz an der menschlichen Hüfte sind seit etwa 1948 bekannt. Während der frühen Jahre dieser Hüftgelenkprothetik wurde nur die Kugel ersetzt; die künstliche Kugel setzte man dabei in die natürliche Hüftpfanne ein. Die Erfahrung zeigte jedoch, dass die Reibung der künstlichen Gelenkskugel auf der natürlichen Hüftpfanne zu stark war; sie führt zu zunehmenden Schmerzen und einer Versteifung des Hüftgelenks.
Die nächste Phase der Entwicklung ergab ein chirurgisches Verfahren, das als totaler Hüftersatz bekannt wurde. Dabei ersetzte man nicht nur den Femoralkopf durch eine Prothese, sondern weitete auch die Hüftpfanne und setzte dort eine künstliche Gelenkpfanne ein. Der natürliche Femoralkopf wurde durch einen an die Medulla des Oberschenkelknochens eingesetzten Schaft aus Metall ersetzt, der in einen Kragen und einen Hals mit seitlich ausgelenktem Kugelkopf mit einer feinstpolierten kugeligen Auflagerfläche auslief. Die künstliche Hüftpfanne lag im allgemeinen in Form einer konkaven becherförmigen Fassung vor, die so gestaltet war, dass sie den Kugelkopf des Femoralteils aufnehmen konnte. Die Lagerfläche der Acetobularfassung wird gewöhnlich aus einem Kunstharz wie extrem hochmolekularem Polyäthylen hergestellt. Die Kombination einer feinstpolierten Metallfläche mit einer glatten dauerhaften Kunstharzfassung ergab eine lange Lebensdauer des Kunstgelenks bei sehr geringer Reibung.
Während dieser Totalersatz des Hüftgelenks recht erfolgreich war, ist der dazu erforderliche chirurgische Aufwand nach Komplikation und Dauer erheblich. Da die Operation « sehr lange dauert, ist das Risiko von Komplikationen und Infektionen sehr hoch und das chirurgische Trauma insbesondere bei älteren Patienten extrem. Aus diesem Grund haben Entwicklungen stattgefunden, die darauf deuten, dass bei einem zunehmenden Anteil der Hüftgelenksbehandlun-45 gen ein Teilersatz vorzuziehen ist. Die US-PS 3 863 273 beschreibt hierzu eines dieser verbesserten teilprothetischen Hüftimplantate mit einem Femoralschaft mit einem verkleinerten Metallkugelkopf, der frei in einem Kunststoff-Lagereinsatz drehen kann, der in einem Metallkopf versperrt so ist, der seinerseits innerhalb der normalen Hüftgelenkspfanne sitzt. Diese Anordnung wird für den Fall eines Bruchs des Femoralhalses oder anderer Zustände am Oberschenkelknochen empfohlen, bei denen die Funktion der Hüftgelenkspfanne nicht beeinträchtigt ist. Nicht nur ist ein solcher Teil-55 ersatz des Hüftgelenks schneller, leichter und weniger traumatisch; er erlaubt dem Patienten auch eine schnellere Rückkehr zur vollen Beweglichkeit. Diese moderne Teilprothetik der Hüfte funktioniert wesentlich besser als die früheren Totalprothesen, da der grösste Teil der Hüftbewegung durch 6o Drehung der Femoralkugel aus Metall in der Kugelfassung des Lagereinsatzes erfolgt. Ist eine übermässige Bewegung erforderlich, die von der Kombination aus Femoralkugel und Lagereinsatz nicht mehr aufgenommen werden kann, dreht sich der äussere Metallkopf geringfügig in der natürli-65 chen Hüftpfanne, so dass auch diese starke Bewegung gut aufgenommen werden kann.
Da das Hüftteilimplantat die natürliche Hüftpfanne ausnutzt, müssen die Protheseköpfe in vielen unterschiedlichen
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Grössen verfügbar sein, um den natürlichen Femoralkopf simulieren und eine gute Passung zwischen der natürlichen Hüftgelenkspfanne und dem Prothesekopf gewährleisten zu können. Köpfe für Teilprothesen stehen im allgemeinen mit Kugelradien von 20,6 mm, 21,4 mm, 22,2 mm, 23,0 mm, 23,8 mm, 24,6 mm, 25,4 mm, 26,2 mm und 26,9 mm zur Verfügung.
Das versuchsweise Einpassen eines Prothesenkopfes in die natürliche Hüftgelenkspfanne, um die erforderliche Grösse zu bestimmen, ist zeitraubend und dehnt den Eingriff unnötig aus. Ein zu grosser Kopf kann sich in der Pfanne festsetzen und in der Femoralprothese lockern; er muss dann mit einem Spezialwerkzeug entfernt werden.
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Anpassen einer Hüftgelenkprothese zu schaffen, bei der die angegebenen Nachteile nicht auftreten.
Dieses Ziel wird erfmdungsgemäss mit den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 erreicht.
Die beigefügte Zeichnung soll die Erfindung ausführlich erläutern.
Fig. 1 ist eine teilgeschnittene Explosionsdarstellung einer repräsentativen Femoralschaftprothese, des Lagereinsatzes und des Anpasskopfes nach der vorliegenden Erfindung;
Fig. 2 ist eine geschnittene Teildarstellung der Teile der Fig. 1, die für das Einsetzen zum Anpassen zusammengesetzt ist, und
Fig. 3 ist eine teilgeschnittene Darstellung einer weiteren Ausführangsform der Erfindung mit einem Anpassgriff anstelle der Femoralschaftprothese.
Die Fig. 1 zeigt eine repräsentative Femoralschaftprothese 10, die als Hüftgelenksteilersatz eingesetzt werden soll. Der Schaft 11 und der Kragen 12, wie dargestellt, liegen als Aufranc-Turner-Konstruktion vor, obgleich man den Schaft und/oder den Kragen auch anders ausführen kann - beispielsweise als Moore- oder Charnley-Konstruktion; alternativ kann man auch andere Schaft- und/oder Kragenkonstruktionen einsetzen. Der Schaft 11 soll chirurgisch in die Medulla des Oberschenkelknochens eingesetzt werden; der Kragen 12 bietet dabei eine gewisse Auflagerfläche gegenüber dem resezierten Ende des natürlichen Oberschenkelknochens. Der Halsteil 13 verjüngt sich, wie in der US-PS 3 863 273 beschrieben, um die Drehung der Femoralprothese im Lagereinsatz zu ermöglichen. Die Femoralkugel 14 weist eine feinstpolierte Kugelfläche aus Metall auf, deren Radius geringer als der der natürlichen Femoralkugel ist. Die Kugelfläche der Kugel muss jedoch grösser als halbkugelig sein, wie im folgenden ausführlich erläutert. Der Femoralschaft 11 ist gewöhnlich aus einem Metall wie einer Cobaltchromlegierung oder nichtrostendem Stahl ausgebildet. Alternativ kann für die vorliegende Erfindung zum Anpassen ein Griff geeigneter Gestalt mit ähnlich geformtem Hals und Kugel 14 vorgesehen sein. Wie unten beschrieben, kann man auch einen vollständig anderen Anpassgriff verwenden.
Der Lagereinsatz 20 nach der vorliegenden Erfindung hat einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Körper mit einer Vielzahl herabhängender, voneinander getrennter flexibler Arme 21, die länger sind, als die Kugelfläche der Femoralkugel 14 hoch ist, und mit einem mehr oder weniger starren rückwärtigen zylindrischen Ansatz 22. Wie in der Zeichnung gezeigt, hat der zylindrische rückwärtige Ansatz 22 des Lagereinsatzes 20 einen kleineren Durchmesser als der Körper, wobei die beiden zylindrischen Teile über einen sich verjüngenden Teil miteinander verbunden sind. Der Lagereinsatz 20 ist vorzugsweise aus einem reibungsarmen Werkstoff mit für den Verwendungszweck ausreichender Festigkeit und Flexibilität ausgebildet. Bevorzugte Werkstoffe sind Acetal-harze, wie beispielsweise «Celcon» oder «Delrin», obgleich auch andere Werkstoffe wie Polyäthylen oder Polypropylen verwendet werden können. Es ist nicht erforderlich, physiologisch inerte Materialien wie Silikon zu verwenden, da die Vorrichtung nur zum Anpassen dient, nicht permanent eingepflanzt werden soll; falls wirtschaftlich gerechtfertigt, können natürlich auch solche Materialien verwendet werden. Vorzugsweise verwendet man auch Werkstoffe, die sterilisierbar sind, so dass sie sich wiederholt einsetzen lassen. Schliesslich kann man den Lagereinsatz auch aus einer Kombination mehrerer unterschiedlicher Werkstoffe ausführen - beispielsweise ausschliesslich aus oder unter Verwendung von Metall.
Der Innenraum 23 des Lagereinsatzes 20 ist kugelförmig und geringfügig grösser als die Femoralkugel 14; das geringe Spiel trägt zu einer ungestörten Bewegung der Vorrichtung bei. Die Kugelinnenfläche 23 des Einsatzes sollte einen grösseren Teil einer Kugelfläche darstellen als die Femoralkugel 14, so dass die Innenkrümmung der flexiblen Arme 21 über die Aussenfläche der Femoralkugel 14 hinausverläuft und die Funktion der Vorrichtung unterstützt. Die Enden der Arme 21 sind mit einer gewölbten Schrägung 24 versehen, wie gezeigt, um das Einführen der Femoralkugel 14 in den Innenraum 23 zu erleichtern. Die äusseren Zylinderflächen der Arme 21 weisen an deren freiem Ende ein äusseres Ringsegment 25 auf, während die Innenfläche der Arme eine geschrägte Vorderkante 26 aufweisen, die vorzugsweise unter einem Winkel von 45° verläuft. Das Ringsegment 25 bewirkt eine Sperrung, wenn es in einer entsprechenden Ringnut 35 im aussenliegenden Anpasskopf 30 sitzt. Die hintere Kante des Ringsegments 25 kann ebenfalls geschrägt sein, wie gezeigt, oder unter 90° zur Zylinderaussenfläche der Arme 21 verlaufen. Das Ringsegment 25 kann eine flache zylindrische Aussenfläche haben, wie gezeigt, oder kann alternativ im Querschnitt V-förmig zugespitzt oder halbkreisförmig sein; die Nut 35 in Anpasskopf 30 muss dann natürlich komplementär gestaltet sein. Die hier gezeigte Gestalt ist bevorzugt, da sie gegen Beschädigungen widerstandsfähiger ist. Der Rest der Aussengestaltung des Lagereinsatzes 20 lässt sich je nach gewünschtem Aussehen, Leichtigkeit der Herstellung usw. wählen. Die äusseren Abmessungen des Lagereinsatzes 20 wählt man entsprechend den Innenabmessungen unterschiedlicher Anpassköpfe 30; vorzugsweise verwendet man jedoch einen Lagereinsatz 20 in nur einer Grösse, damit er nicht wiederholt abgenommen und wieder aufgesetzt zu werden braucht. Auf diese Weise hält man den zum Anpassen der Prothese erforderlichen Zeitaufwand gering.
Der äussere Anpasskopf 30 ist ebenfalls vorzugsweise aus Celcon oder Delrin hergestellt. Auch hier ist das im Einzelfall gewählte Material nicht wesentlich, da der Anpasskopf nicht permanent eingepflanzt wird.
Die Anpassköpfe 30 werden in einer Vielzahl von Kugeldurchmessern hergestellt; repräsentative Grössen sind bereits angegeben worden. Damit die Wahl leichtfällt und der Anpassvorgang sich nicht zu sehr ausdehnt, kann man die Anpassköpfe 30 zur Grössenkennung unterschiedlich einfärben oder kennzeichnen. Da man vorzugsweise einen einzelnen Lagereinsatz 20 in nur einer Grösse verwendet, sollten alle Anpassköpfe 30 die gleiche Innengestaltung aufweisen -mit der möglichen Ausnahme der geschrägten Einführfläche 30, die ein leichtes und schnelles Einsetzen des Lagereinsatzes 20 erleichtert. Die hintere Öffnung 32, die den rückwärtigen Teil 22 des Lagereinsatzes 20 aufnimmt, ist mit kleinerem Durchmesser als der Innenraum 33 dargestellt; zwischen diesen liegt ein geschrägter Übergangsabschnitt 34. Alternativ kann man den Innenraum 33 und die Öffnung 32 durchweg mit dem gleichen Durchmesser, d.h. zylindrisch, herstellen. In diesem Fall hat auch der Lagereinsatz 20 einen konstanten Durchmesser. Eine Ringnut 35 ist an der Ein5
10
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20
25
30
35
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45
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führfläche 31 des Anpasskopfes 30 vorgesehen; sie nimmt das Ringsegment 25 des Lagereinsatzes 20 auf.
Die Fig. 2 zeigt die verschiedenen Teile so zusammengebaut, dass sie zum Anpassen bereit sind. Zunächst wird der Lagereinsatz 20 auf die Femoralkugel 14 aufgesetzt, wobei die Elastizität der Arme 21 am Einsatz ihnen erlaubt, sich ausreichend aufzuspreizen und sich dann um die Femoralkugel 14 zu legen.
Diese Unteranordnung wird dann in den Innenraum 33 des Anpasskopfes 30 eingesetzt, wobei die Enden der Einsatzarme 21 sich nach innen einbiegen, bis die Ringsegmente 25 nach aussen in die Ringnut 35 auf dem Anpasskopf 30 einrasten. Die gesamte Anordnung ist dann starr in sich versperrt. Versuche, sie auseinanderzuziehen, sind vergeblich, da, wenn man am Femoralschaft 11 zieht, die Kugel 14 die Einsatzarme 21 nach aussen und damit die Ringsegmente 25 noch fester in die Ringnut 35 hineindrückt.
Die Anordnung lässt sich jedoch schnell und leicht auseinandernehmen, wenn man auf den rückwärtigen Ansatz 22 des Lagereinsatzes 20 drückt, wo er in der Öffnung 32 des Anpasskopfes 30 offenliegt. Dabei werden die Ringsegmente 25 keilartig nach innen versetzt, wobei auch die Einsatzarme 21, deren Innenkrümmung über die Kugelaussenfläche der Femoralkugel 14 hinausverläuft, einwärts zum Hals 13 der Femoralprothese 10 hin eingebogen werden, so dass der Lagereinsatz 20 nun leicht aus dem Anpasskopf 30 hinausgeschoben werden kann.
Der vorgehenden Beschreibung der Erfindung lag die Verwendung des Anpasskopfes und des Lagereinsatzes mit einem Femoralprotheseschaft zugrunde; diese Verwendung wäre wahrscheinlich nicht die übliche. Die Kugel einer in den Oberschenkelknochen einzusetzenden Femoralprothese hat eine feinstpolierte Aussenfläche, die während des Anpassens versehentlich zerkratzt oder beschädigt werden kann, so dass die teure Prothese unbrauchbar wird. Um die Möglichkeit eines Schadens auszuschliessen, wendet man normalerweise zusammen mit dem Anpasskopf und dem Lagereinsatz nach der vorliegenden Erfindung für die versuchsweise Bestimmung der Kopfgrösse einen Handgriff. Dieser Handgriff kann in eine Kugel auslaufen, die nach Grösse und Gestalt der der Femoralprothese entspricht; er kann auch alternativ ausgeführt sein, wie im folgenden beschrieben.
Der Griff 41 der Fig. 3 weist an einem Ende einen Knopf 43 und einen Lagereinsatz 44 auf, die mit einem Bolzen 46
aus nichtrostendem Stahl zusammengehalten werden. Der Knopf 43 ist typischerweise aus nichtrostendem Stahl ausgebildet, obgleich auch andere Werkstoffe wie Acetalharze eingesetzt werden können. Er hat eine axial verlaufende Zen-5 tralbohrung und ist an einem Ende des Schaftes mit einem Gewinde versehen, um einen Sperrkragen 42 und eine Teilkugelfläche am anderen Ende aufzunehmen, die in die Kugelinnenfläche im Lagereinsatz 44 passt. Die Anordnung aus dem Knopf 43 und dem Lagereinsatz 44 auf dem Griff io 41 lässt sich dann in den Anpasskopf 40 einrasten, und man schraubt den Sperrkragen 42 auf dem Schaft des Knopfes 43 fest, um die Anordnung mit dem Anpasskopf zu verspannen.
Der Lagereinsatz 44 ist im allgemeinen dem in Fig. I und 2 gezeigten Lagereinsatz 20 entsprechend ausgestaltet, 15 braucht jedoch keinen rückwärtigen Ansatz 22, sondern hat statt dessen eine Öffnung 45 an seinem rückwärtigen Ende, die den Bolzen 46 aufnimmt, mit dem der Einsätz und der Knopf 43 auf dem Griff 41 festgelegt sind.
Der Knopf 43, der statt der Kugel 14 der Fig. 1 und 2 20 verwendet wird, ist im Gegensatz zu der mehr als halbkugeligen Fläche der Kugel 14 mit einer Kugelteilfläche dargestellt, die kleiner als halbkugelig ist. Es ist einzusehen, dass die Kugelfläche des Knopfes 43 keine Teilfläche zu sein braucht, sondern eine Vollkugelfläche sein kann; dies richtet 25 sich nach der Leichtigkeit der Herstellung des Knopfes 43. Da die obere Fläche des Knopfes 43 kleiner als halbkugelig und mit dem Bolzen 46 am Einsatz 44 sicher befestigt ist,
tritt keine Kraft auf, die den Lagereinsatz 44 im Anpasskopf 40 versperrt, wenn die Anordnung aus dem Anpasskopf her-30 ausgezogen wird; d.h. wenn man den Sperrkragen 42 lok-kert, lassen der Griff 41, der Knopf 43 und der Lagereinsatz sich leicht und schnell aus dem Anpasskopf 40 herausziehen und in ihn einsetzen. Wird die Anordnung in den Anpasskopf 40 eingerastet, lässt der Sperrkragen 42 sich gegen den 35 Lagereinsatz 44 einschrauben, so dass die Schubwirkung das Ringsegment 47 des Lagereinsatzes 44 fest in die Nut 48 des Anpasskopfes drückt und es unmöglich macht, den Anpasskopf 40 vom Griff 41 abzuziehen. Nachdem man den Anpasskopf 40 in die Hüftgelenkspfanne eingeführt und auf 40 Sitz geprüft hat, zieht man ihn am Griff 41 wieder heraus, schraubt den Kragen 42 auf, zieht den Anpasskopf 40 schnell und leicht ab und kann nun einen Anpasskopf 40 anderer Grösse aufsetzen und den Sperrkragen 42 festziehen. Dann kann man den Vorgang wiederholen.
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1 Blatt Zeichnungen
Claims (4)
- 638 093PATENTANSPRÜCHE 1. Vorrichtung zum Anpassen einer Hüftgelenkprothese, gekennzeichnet durch einen Anpasskopf (30,40), einen Lagereinsatz (20,44), der herausnehmbar in den Anpasskopf eingesetzt ist, und einen Femoralprothesenschaft (11) oder einen Anpassgriff (41) mit einem Kopf (14,43) an einem Ende, auf den der Lagereinsatz (20,44) abnehm- und drehbar aufgesetzt ist, wobei der Anpasskopf (30,40) einen im wesentlichen sphärischen Körper aufweist, der eine durch Entfernen eines Kugel teils gebildete, ebene Fläche, um den natürlichen Femoralkopf des Menschen nachzubilden, und eine senkrecht zur ebenen Fläche verlaufende Zentralbohrung aufweist, in die nahe der ebenen Fläche des Körpers eine Ringnut (35,48) eingeformt ist, wobei der Lagereinsatz (20,44) einen im wesentlichen zylindrischen Körper mit einer Vielzahl von einem Ende desselben abstehender flexibler Arme (21 ) aufweist und einen das andere Ende bildenden, starren, zylindrischen Ansatz (22) trägt, welche flexiblen Arme (21 ) jeweils auf der Aussenfläche am freien Ende ein Ringsegment (25,47) tragen, das mit der Ringnut (35,48) in Eingriff gebracht ist, wobei der zylindrische Körper und die Innenflächen der flexiblen Arme zu einem sphärischen Innenraum (23) ausgebildet sind, in dem der eine Kugelfläche aufweisende Kopf (14,43) gelagert ist, und wobei der sphärische Innenraum (23) einen grösseren Teil einer Kugelfläche darstellt als die Aussenfläche des Kopfes (14,43), so dass die freien Enden der flexiblen Arme (21) über die Kugelfläche des Kopfes (14,43) hinausragen und nach innen einbiegbar sind, um die Ringsegmente von der Ringnut freizugeben, und damit den Lagereinsatz und den an diesem angebrachte Femoralprothesenschaft oder Anpassgriff zum Austausch gegen einen Anpasskopf anderer Grösse aus dem Anpasskopf zu entfernen.2
- 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anpasskopf (30) aus einem reibungsarmen synthetischen organischen hoch temperaturfesten Werkstoff besteht, der einer wiederholten Dampfsterilisierung widersteht.
- 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zylindrische Ansatz (22) des Lagereinsatzes (20) einen kleineren Durchmesser als der zylindrische Körper hat.I0 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Lagereinsatz (20) aus einem reibungsarmen synthetischen organischen hochtemperaturfesten Werkstoff besteht, der einer wiederholten Dampfsterilisierung widersteht.15 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 mit einem Femoralprothesenschaft, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Prothesenschaft (11) an einem Ende einen grösser als halbkugelförmig ausgebildeten Kopf (14) aufweist, auf den der Lagereinsatz (20) abnehm- und drehbar aufgesetzt ist.20 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 mit einem Anpassgriff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anpassgriff (41) an einem Ende einen Kopf (43) trägt, der grösser als halbkugelig ausgebildet ist und auf den der Lagereinsatz (44) abnehm- und drehbar aufgesetzt ist.25
- 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1 mit einem Anpassgriff, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kopf mit der Kugelfläche an einem Ende des Anpassgriffes befestigt und in den Lagereinsatz eingesetzt ist, wobei der Kopf und der Lagereinsatz30 durch Mittel abnehmbar am Anpassgriff befestigt sind, und der Anpassgriff einen beweglichen Sperrkragen trägt, mit dem der Kopf und der Lagereinsatz am Anpasskopf festgezogen werden können.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US05/817,551 US4135517A (en) | 1977-07-21 | 1977-07-21 | Femoral prosthesis trial fitting device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH638093A5 true CH638093A5 (de) | 1983-09-15 |
Family
ID=25223337
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH786178A CH638093A5 (de) | 1977-07-21 | 1978-07-20 | Vorrichtung zum anpassen einer hueftgelenkprothese. |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4135517A (de) |
| JP (1) | JPS5422994A (de) |
| AU (1) | AU521866B2 (de) |
| CA (1) | CA1118957A (de) |
| CH (1) | CH638093A5 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE2826690A1 (de) |
| FR (1) | FR2397828A1 (de) |
| GB (1) | GB2001247B (de) |
| SU (1) | SU841571A3 (de) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3813699A (en) * | 1973-01-15 | 1974-06-04 | R Giliberty | Prosthetic hip joint |
| US3818512A (en) * | 1973-05-08 | 1974-06-25 | Y Shersher | Artificial hip-joint with detachable insert |
| US3863273A (en) * | 1973-09-20 | 1975-02-04 | Meditec Inc | Orthopedic prosthetic implant devices |
| US4044403A (en) * | 1976-11-01 | 1977-08-30 | Howmedica, Inc. | Implantable joint prosthesis |
-
1977
- 1977-07-21 US US05/817,551 patent/US4135517A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1978
- 1978-06-14 CA CA000305445A patent/CA1118957A/en not_active Expired
- 1978-06-15 DE DE19782826690 patent/DE2826690A1/de active Granted
- 1978-07-20 AU AU38196/78A patent/AU521866B2/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-20 GB GB787830436A patent/GB2001247B/en not_active Expired
- 1978-07-20 JP JP8889278A patent/JPS5422994A/ja active Granted
- 1978-07-20 CH CH786178A patent/CH638093A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1978-07-20 FR FR7821469A patent/FR2397828A1/fr active Granted
- 1978-07-21 SU SU782643646A patent/SU841571A3/ru active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR2397828B1 (de) | 1981-01-09 |
| AU3819678A (en) | 1980-01-24 |
| CA1118957A (en) | 1982-03-02 |
| JPS628178B2 (de) | 1987-02-21 |
| GB2001247B (en) | 1982-02-10 |
| GB2001247A (en) | 1979-01-31 |
| FR2397828A1 (fr) | 1979-02-16 |
| AU521866B2 (en) | 1982-05-06 |
| US4135517A (en) | 1979-01-23 |
| DE2826690A1 (de) | 1979-02-01 |
| SU841571A3 (ru) | 1981-06-23 |
| DE2826690C2 (de) | 1987-11-19 |
| JPS5422994A (en) | 1979-02-21 |
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| PL | Patent ceased |