CH686374A5 - Emaillierbare Oxidschicht. - Google Patents

Emaillierbare Oxidschicht. Download PDF

Info

Publication number: CH686374A5
Authority: CH; Switzerland
Prior art keywords: weight; aluminum; layer; enamel; oxide layer
Prior art date: 1993-10-13

Application number

CH308193A

Other languages

German (de)

English (en)

Inventor

Jean-Francois Paulet

Hermann Weber

Original Assignee

Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag

Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)

1993-10-13

Filing date

1993-10-13

Publication date

1996-03-15

Family has litigation

First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=4248209&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=CH686374(A5) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

1993-10-13 Application filed by Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag filed Critical Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag

1993-10-13 Priority to CH308193A priority Critical patent/CH686374A5/de

1994-09-30 Priority to DK94810572T priority patent/DK0648863T5/da

1994-09-30 Priority to AT94810572T priority patent/ATE162234T1/de

1994-09-30 Priority to DE59405021T priority patent/DE59405021D1/de

1994-09-30 Priority to ES94810572T priority patent/ES2112505T5/es

1994-09-30 Priority to EP94810572A priority patent/EP0648863B2/de

1996-03-15 Publication of CH686374A5 publication Critical patent/CH686374A5/de

Links

239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 108
239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 84
229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 71
XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 71
239000002320 enamel (paints) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 30
229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 27
239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 37
238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 35
239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 24
230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims description 20
238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 20
239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 19
230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 19
QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 claims description 14
229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 13
XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 12
RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 10
230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 10
RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 9
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
238000002048 anodisation reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 8
239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 8
229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 claims description 6
KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 5
235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
235000011149 sulphuric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[[6-[4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazin-1-yl]-2-methylpyrimidin-4-yl]amino]-n-(2-methyl-6-sulfanylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole-5-carboxamide;hydrate Chemical compound O.C=1C(N2CCN(CCO)CC2)=NC(C)=NC=1NC(S1)=NC=C1C(=O)NC1=C(C)C=CC=C1S WXHLLJAMBQLULT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 3
239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
235000019795 sodium metasilicate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 2
239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
229910052712 strontium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N strontium atom Chemical compound [Sr] CIOAGBVUUVVLOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
239000001038 titanium pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
239000006057 Non-nutritive feed additive Substances 0.000 claims 1
230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 claims 1
LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium atom Chemical compound [V] LEONUFNNVUYDNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 2
239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 11
HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 7
238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 7
238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 5
150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 4
150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 4
150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 4
239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 3
238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 3
239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
-1 pH value Substances 0.000 description 3
239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 description 3
229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[V+5].[V+5] XHCLAFWTIXFWPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
239000012458 free base Substances 0.000 description 2
238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 2
MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdate Chemical compound [O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O MEFBJEMVZONFCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
238000005554 pickling Methods 0.000 description 2
239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadate(3-) Chemical class [O-][V]([O-])([O-])=O LSGOVYNHVSXFFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
229910001935 vanadium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
239000004254 Ammonium phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Borate Chemical compound [O-]B([O-])[O-] BTBUEUYNUDRHOZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
229910052910 alkali metal silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P ammonium molybdate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[O-][Mo]([O-])(=O)=O APUPEJJSWDHEBO-UHFFFAOYSA-P 0.000 description 1
239000011609 ammonium molybdate Substances 0.000 description 1
235000018660 ammonium molybdate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
229940010552 ammonium molybdate Drugs 0.000 description 1
229910000148 ammonium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
235000019289 ammonium phosphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
150000003863 ammonium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 description 1
UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O azanium;oxido(dioxo)vanadium Chemical compound [NH4+].[O-][V](=O)=O UNTBPXHCXVWYOI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 1
150000001642 boronic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diammonium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].OP([O-])([O-])=O MNNHAPBLZZVQHP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
229910001882 dioxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
238000001962 electrophoresis Methods 0.000 description 1
238000007590 electrostatic spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910000476 molybdenum oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxomolybdenum Chemical compound [Mo]=O PQQKPALAQIIWST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
150000002926 oxygen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q triazanium;borate Chemical compound [NH4+].[NH4+].[NH4+].[O-]B([O-])[O-] WYXIGTJNYDDFFH-UHFFFAOYSA-Q 0.000 description 1
GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N vanadium Chemical compound [V]#[V] GPPXJZIENCGNKB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 1

Classifications

- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
- C25D11/02—Anodisation
- C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23D—ENAMELLING OF, OR APPLYING A VITREOUS LAYER TO, METALS
- C23D3/00—Chemical treatment of the metal surfaces prior to coating

Landscapes

Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Organic Chemistry (AREA)
Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
Materials Engineering (AREA)
Metallurgy (AREA)
Electrochemistry (AREA)
General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Glass Compositions (AREA)
Paints Or Removers (AREA)
Laminated Bodies (AREA)

CH308193A 1993-10-13 1993-10-13 Emaillierbare Oxidschicht. CH686374A5 (de)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CH308193A CH686374A5 (de)	1993-10-13	1993-10-13	Emaillierbare Oxidschicht.
DK94810572T DK0648863T5 (da)	1993-10-13	1994-09-30	Emaljerbar oxidlag
AT94810572T ATE162234T1 (de)	1993-10-13	1994-09-30	Emaillierbare oxidschicht
DE59405021T DE59405021D1 (de)	1993-10-13	1994-09-30	Emaillierbare Oxidschicht
ES94810572T ES2112505T5 (es)	1993-10-13	1994-09-30	Capa de oxido esmaltable.
EP94810572A EP0648863B2 (de)	1993-10-13	1994-09-30	Emaillierbare Oxidschicht

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number	Priority Date	Filing Date	Title
CH308193A CH686374A5 (de)	1993-10-13	1993-10-13	Emaillierbare Oxidschicht.

Publications (1)

Publication Number	Publication Date
CH686374A5 true CH686374A5 (de)	1996-03-15

Family

ID=4248209

Family Applications (1)

Application Number	Title	Priority Date	Filing Date
CH308193A CH686374A5 (de)	1993-10-13	1993-10-13	Emaillierbare Oxidschicht.

Country Status (6)

Country	Link
EP (1)	EP0648863B2 (da)
AT (1)	ATE162234T1 (da)
CH (1)	CH686374A5 (da)
DE (1)	DE59405021D1 (da)
DK (1)	DK0648863T5 (da)
ES (1)	ES2112505T5 (da)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR2585273B1 (fr) *	1985-07-24	1988-05-13	Daussan & Co	Revetement pour proteger l'interieur d'un recipient metallurgique et procede pour realiser ce revetement
DE69939474D1 (de)	1999-11-23	2008-10-16	Pemco Brugge Nv	Emaillierung von Aluminiumlegierungsoberflächen
DE102009045522A1 (de) *	2009-10-09	2011-04-14	BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH	Bügeleisensohle, insbesondere für ein Dampfbügeleisen
RU2535274C2 (ru) *	2009-10-09	2014-12-10	Бсх Бош Унд Сименс Хаусгерете Гмбх	Подошва утюга, в частности парового утюга
ES2390028B1 (es) *	2011-04-08	2013-10-21	BSH Electrodomésticos España S.A.	Procedimiento para recubrir una superficie de aluminio de un elemento de aluminio, elemento de aluminio y suela de plancha de aluminio
KR102273220B1 (ko) *	2019-12-10	2021-07-05	김준수	에나멜 코팅용 알루미늄 합금 및 다이캐스팅법에 의해 제조된 알루미늄 합금 프라이팬의 제조방법
CN115177385B (zh) *	2022-07-15	2023-08-22	成都贝施美生物科技有限公司	一种类天然牙根色的种植体

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR440516A (fr) *	1911-05-05	1912-07-12	Paul Auguste Felix De Saint Ma	Aluminium oxyde en couche profonde, procédé d'obtention de cet oxyde d'aluminium et application de cet aluminium oxyde et nu comme conducteur électrique isolé
US2991234A (en) *	1958-08-11	1961-07-04	Croname Inc	Enameled aluminum and process for manufacture thereof
JPS63270482A (ja) *	1987-04-28	1988-11-08	Nisshin Steel Co Ltd	アルミめつきホ−ロ−鋼板

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
CH687989A5 (de) *	1993-02-18	1997-04-15	Alusuisse Lonza Services Ag	Aluminiumhaeltiges Substrat.

1993
- 1993-10-13 CH CH308193A patent/CH686374A5/de not_active IP Right Cessation
1994
- 1994-09-30 DK DK94810572T patent/DK0648863T5/da active
- 1994-09-30 AT AT94810572T patent/ATE162234T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1994-09-30 ES ES94810572T patent/ES2112505T5/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1994-09-30 DE DE59405021T patent/DE59405021D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-30 EP EP94810572A patent/EP0648863B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number	Priority date	Publication date	Assignee	Title
FR440516A (fr) *	1911-05-05	1912-07-12	Paul Auguste Felix De Saint Ma	Aluminium oxyde en couche profonde, procédé d'obtention de cet oxyde d'aluminium et application de cet aluminium oxyde et nu comme conducteur électrique isolé
US2991234A (en) *	1958-08-11	1961-07-04	Croname Inc	Enameled aluminum and process for manufacture thereof
JPS63270482A (ja) *	1987-04-28	1988-11-08	Nisshin Steel Co Ltd	アルミめつきホ−ロ−鋼板

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ATE162234T1 (de)	1998-01-15
DK0648863T3 (da)	1998-09-14
EP0648863B1 (de)	1998-01-14
EP0648863A1 (de)	1995-04-19
ES2112505T5 (es)	2001-07-01
EP0648863B2 (de)	2001-05-02
ES2112505T3 (es)	1998-04-01
DE59405021D1 (de)	1998-02-19
DK0648863T5 (da)	2001-01-29

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