CH706172A2 - Carbonation tank for hydrothermal carbonizing a highly viscous and/or particulate-loaded process medium, comprises carbonation tank hollow volume enclosed by carbonation tank sheath, heat transfer channel extending from inlet to outlet - Google Patents

Abstract

Carbonation tank (11) comprises a carbonation tank hollow volume for hydrothermal carbonizing a highly viscous and/or particulate-loaded process medium (5). The hollow volume is enclosed by a carbonation tank sheath (110) that is storable in a fluid (3). A heat transfer channel (116) is arranged completely traversing the carbonizing tank, which extends from an inlet to an outlet. The interior of the heat transfer channel is completely separable from the filled process medium by walls of the heat transfer channel, and the fluid is flowable from the interior of the heat transfer channel. Carbonation tank (11) comprises a carbonation tank hollow volume for hydrothermal carbonizing a highly viscous and/or particulate-loaded process medium (5). The hollow volume is enclosed by a carbonation tank sheath (110) that is storable in a fluid (3), where the process medium and the fluid are separated from each other. A heat transfer channel (116) is arranged completely traversing the carbonizing tank, which extends from an inlet to an outlet. The interior of the heat transfer channel is completely separable from the filled process medium by walls of the heat transfer channel, and the fluid is flowable from the interior of the heat transfer channel. Independent claims are also included for: (1) a reactor comprising the above mentioned carbonization tank with the completely traversing heat transfer channel, and an outer container, where the carbonization tank is positionable within the outer container, which is surrounded by the fluid, and a pressurizing unit is designed by a hydraulic pressure of the fluid for specifically adjusting the variation of the carbonization tank hollow volume from outside the carbonization tank during carbonization process; (2) a pressure-tight carbonization tank for carrying out hydrothermal carbonization, stirring and introducing the high viscosity and/or particulate-loaded process medium, comprising the carbonation tank sheath including the carbonization tank hollow volume, where at least one portion of the carbonization tank sheath has a multipart design, in which the parts are arranged separated from each other in a pressure- and liquid-tight manner and are movably mounted relative to each other defining reproducibility such that the carbonization tank hollow volume is specifically changeable and the internal pressure of the process medium in the carbonization tank is adjustable irrespective of the process temperature; (3) a use of the pressure-tight carbonization tank for hydrothermal carbonization of the filled process medium, where the volumetric capacity of carbonization tank is adaptable based on the amount of the filled process medium, and the internal pressure in the carbonization tank is adjustable irrespective of the temperature of the process medium and the water vapor saturation curve from the outside of the carbonization tank; and (4) a hydrothermal carbonization system including the multipart reactor, comprising the above mentioned carbonization tank, which is mounted in the outer container, where the carbonization tank hollow volume of the carbonization tank is specifically changeable and the internal pressure of the process medium that is independent of the process temperature is achievable in the carbonization tank.

Description

Technical area

The present invention describes a pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälter in which the hydrothermal carbonation, stirring and passing through a high-viscosity and / or solids-laden process medium can take place, comprising a Karbonisierungsbehältermantel which includes a Karbonisierungsbehälter hollow volume, and a reactor comprising such a Karbonisierungsbehälter, the Use of a pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälters for the hydrothermal carbonization of a filled process medium and a hydrothermal Karbonisierungsanlage.

State of the art

Under hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) or wet charring is understood the refinement of wet or moist biomass in aqueous mostly acidic environment at elevated temperatures by 200 ° C and elevated pressures of more than 18 bar in a pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälter. In order to start the hydrothermal carbonization, the biomass, water and catalytically active substances must first be heated to the elevated temperature at the beginning. Subsequently, the reactants react to intermediates and ultimately to Karbonisierungsprodukten, which are in the form of a biochar or brown coal suspension, which contains not only coal but also process water and residual substances. By hydrothermal carbonation, the natural process of coal formation is technically reproduced within a few hours and above all the high carbon efficiency distinguishes the HTC.

In the present application is understood as a fermentable biomass and thus as part of the starting materials, which can be processed by the hydrothermal carbonization to coal, preferably a mixture of sewage sludge and green waste. In the described reactor, however, other biogenic residues, in particular renewable raw materials, such as wood chips, green cuttings from landscape care, plants, straw, silage, and organic residues from agriculture and forestry and the food industry and waste management, as well as peat, lignite, Paper sludge, to be refined into masses with a high proportion of coal.

Since the described reaction of a highly viscous and solids-laden process medium of a biomass-added liquid and thus a solid-liquid mixture in reaction times of a few hours under high pressure and elevated temperatures, specially adapted reactors are required to a desired continuous or quasi-continuous To ensure a secure reaction sequence. Reactors with process vessels and agitators and conveyors from neighboring fields of process engineering are therefore generally useless and would generally have to be strongly adapted to be used for the hydrothermal carbonization.

From DE 102 009 015 257 shows that the pressure in the carbonation during the reaction must be at least the saturated vapor pressure of the reaction mixture at the selected reaction temperature or higher. Depending on the reaction temperature reached, a resulting pressure arises in the gas-tight carbonization container. Depending on the choice of biomass to be converted, the reaction temperature varies by 200 ° C. The pressure thus corresponds to the selected reaction temperature and the apparatus must be adapted accordingly to the reaction temperature to be achieved and the corresponding pressure.

DE 102 008 028 953 describes a pressure-resistant Karbonisierungsbehälter, in the interior of biomass can be brought to a desired reaction temperature. The tank pressure is raised to a level above the value corresponding to the evaporation pressure at the set reaction temperature. The interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters is held after a single impingement during the reaction under a constant pressure vessel. By means of hydromechanical locks, the product to be carbonated is brought to a sufficiently high pressure and only then introduced into the pressurized Karbonisierungsbehälter. In this procedure, the reaction temperature is not decoupled from the reaction pressure. Only fresh contents, can be introduced into the Karbonisierungsbehälter without pressure loss, whereby a disadvantageous periodic pressure load and pressure relief as known from a discontinuous process deleted. Components can be spared and the lifetime of the carbonation tank can be increased. But there is no decoupling and thus no optimization of the carbonation process achievable. The disadvantage is the complicated technical design by means of valves and pumps, which are susceptible to interference, with a large risk of clogging exists.

In WO 2 008 113 309 a Karbonisierungsbehälter is described in which runs the hydrothermal carbonization, wherein the Karbonisierungsbehälter is arranged below the earth's surface. Since the temperatures and pressures required for the reaction depend on the type of biomass, the process parameters are linked to the biomass used. In order to achieve a uniformity of the product quality and an increase in the efficiency of the process of hydrothermal carbonization, the decoupling of reaction temperature and pressure is desired. In WO 2 008 113 309 this is achieved by the displacement of the carbonation container into the soil, wherein a water column located above the reaction volume produces a hydrostatic pressure in the reaction volume which is dependent on the height of the water column. The water column is used as a pressure buffer. A proposed according to WO 2 008 113 309 system seems to be economical only in very large configurations. There must be a correspondingly large shaft for the carbonation tank and a necessary water column connected to the carbonation tank. No teaching can be taken from WO 2 008 113 309 how a gas-tight carbonization container can be designed on a laboratory scale such that a decoupling of the reaction temperature and pressure can be achieved in order to achieve the above advantages. The large-volume design can not be easily reduced to a smaller scale.

Presentation of the invention

The present invention has set itself the task of creating a Karbonisierungsbehälter for a compact plant for hydrothermal carbonization in a quasi-continuous process, which is compact and executable on a laboratory scale, the interior pressure and the carbonization temperature of the process medium in the Karbonisierungsbehälter are decoupled from each other. Another task is the acceleration of the hydrothermal carbonization by a targeted pressure increase during the process, with only a small input of energy is necessary.

This object is achieved by a compact pressure and liquid-tight Karbonisierungsbehälter with a defined, reproducibly variable Karbonisierungsbehältervohlvolumen or capacity.

Due to the special design with an at least partially movable Karbonisierungsbehältermantel the Karbonisierungsbehälters can be generated with mechanical and / or hydraulic pressurizing internal pressures on the process medium together with expanding water vapor in the carbonization. These pressurization means lead to an interior pressure, which are independent of the interior temperature or the temperature of the process medium, whereby the Karbonisierungsbedingungen can be optimized.

The pressurizing means can be generated on the one hand by mechanical forces and on the other hand are hydraulically generated by a defined application of the Karbonisierungsbehälters by means of fluid.

Brief description of the drawings

A preferred embodiment of the subject invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1a shows a perspective view of an outer container of a reactor which is mounted on a reactor storage device and is coupled to an input and output device during. FIG <Tb> FIG. 1b shows a side view of the outer container with a view of the base bottom. <Tb> FIG. FIG. 2 shows a perspective view of a reactor with attached feed and discharge device, wherein the reactor storage device has been omitted, while FIG <Tb> FIG. Figure 3 shows a side view of the reactor of Figure 2. <Tb> FIG. 4 shows a horizontal section through the reactor according to line C-C from FIG. 3, wherein the process container in the interior of the outer container becomes clear. <Tb> FIG. 5a <sep> shows a vertical section of the reactor according to FIG. 1a, the sake of clarity, the supply and discharge device being omitted, and FIG <Tb> FIG. 5b <sep> shows a section in perspective view through the reactor according to FIG. 5a. <Tb> FIG. 6 <sep> shows a longitudinal section through a reactor. <Tb> FIG. Fig. 7a <sep> shows a longitudinal section through a Karbonisierungsbehälter attached to the base bottom with omitted pressurizing means in the compressed state, while <Tb> FIG. 7b shows a longitudinal section through a carbonation container in an extended state.

description

The present application describes a hydrothermal Karbonisierungsanlage, comprising a multi-part reactor 1 in which the hydrothermal carbonization of a highly viscous and / or solids-laden process medium is efficient and continuous feasible. The highly viscous and / or solid-laden process medium comprises filling material which consists of raw biomass of various composition and consistency, process water and additives, e.g. Catalysts exists. Due to its composition, the process medium is present as a suspension or as sludge, with liquid fractions being mixed with solids. The content of the contents of the process medium is also considered to be a starting material, since it forms a solid-liquid mixture which, in the course of the hydrothermal carbonization, is converted into carbonization products comprising charred biomass. The carbonation products form a charred portion of the process medium, which has a similar solid-liquid consistency to the starting materials, with the solid components being at best fully converted to brown coal.

The starting materials are introduced into the reactor 1 of the Karbonisierungsanlage, under high pressure and elevated temperature, as known from the basics of hydrothermal carbonization, charred after the process as Karbonisierungsprodukte discharged from the reactor 1. The introduction and removal or the supply and discharge of educts and Karbonisierungsprodukte can take place in portions during operation of the Karbonisierungsverfahrens, the Karbonisierungsprozess is not significantly disturbed and is not interrupted and thus can proceed quasi-continuously.

The reactor 1 comprises an outer container 10, which is rigid and serves as a pressure vessel. The outer container 10 is rotatably mounted on a reactor storage device 2 about the outer container longitudinal axis La. On two racks 20 pivot bearings 21 are arranged so that the outer container 10 is controlled by at least one rotary drive 22 rotatable. As a rotary drive 22, for example, suitably dimensioned electric motors. This rotatable storage of the reactor 1 is used to support the Karbonisierungsprozesses, but is not mandatory.

In the embodiment shown here, the outer container 10 has an outer container shell 100 with a cylindrical centerpiece 1003, which is closed off by a base base 1001 by a base flange 1002 releasably lockable and liquid-tight and pressure-tight. From the base bottom 1001 side, the process medium is supplied and discharged. On the base bottom 1001 opposite side of the outer container shell 100, the cylindrical centerpiece 1003 is closed by a curved lid bottom 1005 executed by means of Deckelbodenflansch 1004 releasably liquid and pressure-tight. The outer container 10 is stored lying, wherein the outer container longitudinal axis La extends approximately horizontally to the level of the ground at the site. The outer container 10 is detachably closable and thus completed the process of hydrothermal carbonization through the outer container 10 in the reactor 1 from the environment.

The outer container 10 is rigid for stability reasons and preferably made of steel, wherein the wall thicknesses are chosen so that even fluid pressures of several bar can be safely formed within the outer container 10, which the outer container 10 can withstand. Depending on the planned plant size and the amount of educts to be converted, the size of the outer container interior 103 is selected.

In the base bottom 1001 a filling passage 104 and an output passage 105 is arranged completely crossing, whereby access to the outer container 10 from the outside with otherwise closed outer container 10 is made possible. In Fig. 1b, a stirrer drive means 132 is shown, which will be explained in connection with a stirring and conveying device.

Fig. 2 shows a reactor 1 with a possible embodiment of a connected feed and discharge device 4. On the reactor storage device 2 has been omitted in this perspective view. Shown here, the embodiment of the supply and discharge device 4, a feed cylinder 40 and a removal cylinder 41, which are releasably operatively connected respectively to the filling passage 104 and the output passage 105.

For maintenance purposes, the supply and discharge device 4 can be completely separated from the reactor 1 and be connected in the operating state according to liquid and pressure-tight with the reactor 1. The supply and discharge device 4 is releasably secured by flange on the reactor 1. A device bearing 42 is designed such that the supply and discharge device 4 is mounted relative to the reactor 1 aligned. Since the reactor 1 explained here is preferably rotated around the outer container longitudinal axis La during the course of the carbonization process, the device bearing 42 is designed such that the supply and discharge device 4 can be rotated during rotation of the reactor 1 about the outer container longitudinal axis La with the feed and discharge device 4 connected , To facilitate rotation, the device bearing 42 is height adjustable. A force regulator can optimally adjust the height of the device bearing 42 for rotation to be achievable.

So that the process medium in the form of educts can be fed and discharged in the form of the carbonization products, drive means 43 are provided on the supply and discharge device 4. The process medium can thereby be transferred in a controlled manner with a control, not shown.

As shown in the horizontal section through the reactor 1 according to FIG. 4, within the outer container 10, the mentioned Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is stored completely embedded, wherein the Karbonisierungsbehälterlängsachse Lp coincides with the outer container longitudinal axis La together. This Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is connected to the filling channel 1141 and the output channel 1142 fixed to the base bottom 1001 of the outer container 10 and thus immovably stored in the outer container shell 100 relative to the outer container 10.

The Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 has a Karbonisierungsbehältermantel 111 which is completely surrounded or lapped in the operating state of a fluid 3. In the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 is in the operating state, the process medium 5 in the different states. The carbonizing container 11 includes a central shell portion which is disposed between a lid part 1101 and a bottom part 1105. The central shell portion is configured cylindrically shaped and the cover part 1101 by means of cover flange 1102 and the bottom part 1105 releasably secured by means of bottom flange 1106 on the central shell portion. The entire Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is pressurized in the operating state with the process medium 5 under pressure and is carried out corresponding liquid and pressure-tight.

Subsequently, an output channel 1142 is connected to the bottom part 1105, which leads out of the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11. After installing the carbonation container 11 in the outer container 10, the discharge channel 1142 is arranged so as to be guided by the discharge passage 105 of the base tray 1001.

As shown in Fig. 5a, a filling channel 1141 is connected to the bottom part 1105, which is correspondingly feasible through the filling passage 104 in the base bottom 1001 of the outer container 10. The dispensing channel 1142 and the filling channel 1141 can be fastened by the base base 1001 so as to be unsolvable by means of a cohesive welded connection or detachable by means of flange connections to the base plate 1001. By fastening flanges 115 integrally formed on the filling channel 1141 and the outlet channel 1142, the channels 1141, 1142 can be connected to the supply and discharge device 4, which has been omitted in FIGS. 5a and 5b for the sake of clarity.

In the operating state, the process medium 5 is filled through the filling channel 1141 in the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 and discharged after a dwell or reaction time through the output channel 1142 from the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11. Accordingly, filling and dispensing channel 1141, 1142 are opened only temporarily controlled during operation in order to influence the exothermic reaction of the hydrothermal carbonization only briefly. Thus, the internal pressure and the temperature in the carbonation container 10 is only briefly disturbed.

While in the carbonation 11, the hydrothermal carbonization proceeds under elevated temperature and elevated pressure, the fluid surrounds 3, which is in particular a thermal oil, the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 within the closed outer container shell 100th

The thermal oil 3 is used in the hydrothermal carbonization here, inter alia, as a heat transfer fluid. A supply nozzle 106 arranged on the outer container 10 is used for filling and pressurizing the outer container interior 103 with the fluid 3. At the supply nozzle 106, spidery-like tubes 109 are provided in the outer container interior 103 for the flow guidance of the thermal oil 3. By means of vent pipe 108, the air can be discharged from the outer container interior 103 during filling. Thus externally heated thermal oil 3 can be supplied from a thermal oil tank, whereby the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 can be brought to a temperature necessary for carbonization. Due to the temperature increase of the thermal oil 3, the exothermic reaction is started and maintained, since this takes place only from a minimum temperature. By measuring the temperature and the possibility of exchanging the fluid 3, the temperature in the carbonation container 11 can be controlled.

The thermal oil in the outer container 10 and the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 form a heat exchanger. The high-viscosity solids-laden educts 5 and products 5 in the interior of the carbonation container 11 release their heat partly through the Karbonisierungsbehältermantel 110 during the hydrothermal carbonization to the surrounding thermal oil 3 from. The thermal oil 3 flows around the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 and can absorb and release heat. If the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 are cooled, according to excess heat energy can be used externally by means of thermal oil 3.

In order to ensure the passage of the process medium 5 through the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 is a stirring and conveying device comprising an agitator 13, the interior at least partially arranged transversely. In operation, by means of agitator 13, a continuous mixing of the process medium 5, the reactants and Karbonisierungprodukte controlled from the outside take place. The agitator 13 also serves as a conveying device of the process medium 5. The agitator 13 can be designed in different ways. Agitator drive means 132 are provided to operate the agitator 13 from the outside in operation. By a drive bushing 107 in the outer container 10 and a transverse drive device 119 which leads to the agitator 13 in the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11, the agitator 13 is driven driven. Since the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is formed of several parts, the agitator 13 can be easily inserted into the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11, rotatably mounted there by means of agitator bearing 133 and actuated controlled from outside the reactor 1. The agitator 13 is here equipped with a friction wheel, which is shown in Fig. 5beingekreist. At the agitator 13 leaves are arranged as baffles and / or to support the axial promotion.

The Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 and the agitator 13 therein are designed so that the process medium 5, which comprises biomass in the form of sewage sludge and green waste, during the Karbonisierungsprozesses can be conveyed. The biomass is comminuted externally before being fed into the reactor, but solids with a maximum piece size of 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm × 2.5 cm remain as part of the process medium 5. By this solid loading 13 special requirements are placed on the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 and the agitator.

Characterized in that the outer container 10 and the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 are each formed in several parts, a simple assembly of the reactor 1 and thus the entire system at the site is possible. Above all, maintenance work can be carried out without great effort, since no manhole must be provided in order to have access to the containers 10, 11.

All walls and components that come into direct contact with the process medium 5 are made of acid-resistant material. Here these parts are made of stainless steel.

The Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is designed such that the Karbonisierungsbehälter hollow volume or the capacity of the Karbonisierungsbehälters is designed changeable.

The Karbonisierungsbehältermantel 110 is configured to at least partially movable, wherein the expansion of the container interior is changed. In order for such a variation of the carbonation vessel hollow volume or the capacity of the carbonation vessel 11 to be possible, the carbonization vessel shell 110 must be configured at least in two parts. By way of example, such a carbonation vessel 11 is shown in FIG. 6, wherein the central cylindrical shell section is designed to be divided into a first shell part 1103 and a second shell part 1104. The first and second casing part 1103, 1104 are separable from one another and designed to be displaceable relative to one another. Here, this is achieved by a linear displaceability of the two shell parts 1103, 1104 against each other in the direction of the Karbonisierungsbehälterlängsachse Lp. In other embodiments, a displacement of the shell parts relative to each other in a direction perpendicular to Karbonisierungsbehälterlängsachse Lp would be possible.

The Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is mounted by Karbonisierungsbehälterlagern 120 on the inside of the outer container 10. Since the bottom part 1105 is firmly connected to the base bottom 1001, the second shell part 1004 is mounted on a static Karbonisierungsbehälterlager 120 in the region of the bottom flange 1106. Since the first casing part 1003 is designed to be movable relative to the second casing part 1004, the first casing part 1003 is partially longitudinally movably mounted in the region of the lid flange.

So that the process medium 5 can not escape undesirably from the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11, the sealing gap or the sealing surfaces between the shell parts 1103, 1104 must be sealed according to liquid-tight and pressure-tight.

In order to achieve a reproducible variation of the capacity, mechanical pressurizing means 118, for example in the form of springs 118, are arranged between the movable shell parts. Experiments have shown that a plurality of tension springs 118 must be used to obtain the desired effect. For example, since the shell parts are made of stainless steel, a plurality of springs 118 are usually distributed along the circumference of the carbonation tank 11. Experiments with 64 springs 118, evenly distributed along the circumference, have given good results.

By the mechanical Druckbeaufschlagungsmittel 118, the first shell part 1103 together with the attached lid member 1101 is forced against the second shell part 1104 and the attached bottom part 1105. Since the bottom part 1105 is fixedly connected to the base bottom 1001 of the outer container 10, the lid part 1101 is pulled toward the base bottom 1001 so that a minimum Karbonisierungsbehälter hollow volume due to the acting spring force sets.

Such a configuration allows the process medium 5 in the interior to be heated to temperatures greater than 150 ° C. during the carbonization process. The solid-liquid mixture in the closed Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 expands by the expansion of process water and biomass. Experiments have shown that the springs can absorb an internal pressure of up to 9 bar from the movably configured carbonation container 11. So that no evaporation of the water takes place via the thermal oil pressurization. The pressurization and the pressure generated by the springs add up the pressure in the carbonation container 11.

In the hydrothermal carbonization, the goal is to achieve an ideal temperature and pressure in the carbonator 11, whereby the charring proceeds in a short time. Now, if the process medium 5 in the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 further heated by heat exchange through the thermal oil 3 and the exothermic reaction in the char itself, temperatures of 200 ° C and more can be achieved. The Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is completely immersed in the outer container 10 of thermal oil 3.

In order to reproducibly regulate and increase the internal pressure in the Karbonisierungsbehälterhohlvolumen from the outside, is as further pressurizing means 118, a pressurization of the fluid 3, which is already for heat transfer reasons within the outer container 10 and circulates there, provided. In addition to the mechanical pressure application means 118, an additional hydraulic pressure-applying means 118 is thus provided.

By the supply nozzle 106 and the tubes 109, the fluid 3 can be applied with a pressure in the outer container interior 103 are introduced. As can be seen in FIG. 5a, the tubes 109 are routed in the outer container interior 103 in such a manner that the thermal oil can be distributed around the carbonization container 11 through the tubes 109 in the outer container interior 103. Since the removal of the thermal oil through the tubes 109, it is important to ensure that thermal short circuits are excluded and just filled thermal oil is not pumped back directly. The pressurization of the thermal oil takes place here by means of a Stickstoffbeaufschlagung, but can also be solved differently.

When the fluid 3 is pressed into the outer container 10 under a few bar pressure, this pressure acts on the carbonator container hollow volume and adds to the pressure of the mechanical pressurization means 118. The movable carbonation container jacket 110 is compressed and the movable jacket parts are hydraulically further compressed postponed. The fluid 3 thus has the function of a hydraulic pressurizing means 118 in addition to a heat transfer function.

By adjusting the pressurization of the thermal oil of the pressure prevailing in the Karbonisierungsbehälterinnenraum pressure from outside the reactor 1 can be greatly increased and easily adjusted. It is a simple generation of large forces achievable, the attacking forces are adjustable by simple pressure control and only a small energy input is necessary due to the hydraulic use.

If the process medium 5 is heated in the interior of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 to about 200 ° C, forms a temperature-dependent internal pressure in a liquid and pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälter according to the vapor pressure curve of water of about 15.5 bar.

Experiments have shown that with a suitable design of the Karbonisierungsbehältermantels 110 and the spring forces of the mechanical Druckbeaufschlagungsmittel 118, an internal pressure in the container interior temperature independently of up to 9 bar is mechanically accessible. If additional from the outside, the fluid 3 is subjected to a pressure of 16 bar, during the carbonation so that an internal pressure of about 25 bar achievable and can be maintained throughout the process, the process water 5 and the process water must not be evaporated. It is only a small input of energy necessary to achieve the pressurization. In commercially available pressure-tight containers such internal pressures are only achievable with a temperature increase to 220 ° C and more, which makes a huge additional energy input necessary.

In Fig. 7a, the carbonating container 11 is shown in a contracted state with the plurality of springs 118 omitted here. In comparison, Fig. 7b shows the carbonization container 11 in the maximum extended state, which is extended by a length Al and thus extended. Thus, the Karbonisierungsbehälter hollow volume can be adapted to different amounts of process medium 5 and the resulting thermal expansion of the medium.

As described, a compact and laboratory-scale liquid and pressure-proof carbonation vessel 11 is provided as part of a reactor 1 for a compact hydrothermal carbonization plant in a quasi-continuous process which decouples the carbonization pressure and the carbonization temperature of the process medium 5 in the carbonation vessel 11 ,

Since the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is designed variable in length here, an operatively connected stirrer 13 must be configured according to length variable in order to be effective in the various length conditions of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11 throughout the Karbonisierungsbehälter.

The embodiment of the carbonation container 11 shown here comprises mechanical and hydraulic pressurization means 118. However, it is also possible to design the carbonation container 11 as described in several parts and to provide only mechanical or only hydraulic pressurization means 118.

In order to optimize the heat exchange between the fluid 3 and the Karbonisierungsbehältermantel 110 and the heated process medium 5, the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 shown here with a centrally parallel to Karbonisierungsbehälterlängsachse Lp extending longitudinal channel 116 is configured. Thereby, the heat exchanging surface of the carbonation container 11 is increased. In the interior, the process medium 5 contacts the Karbonisierungsbehältermantel 110 on the outer container 10 side facing and on the longitudinal channel 116 facing side. Since the process medium 5 and thus the Karbonisierungsbehälter 11 is strongly heated, especially in the section on the side facing the Beaufschlagungsstutzen 106 side of the Karbonisierungsbehälters 11, the heat can be improved by the longitudinal channel 116 transferred to the fluid 3 and used.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

[0053] <Tb> 1 <sep> reactor <Tb> <sep> 10 <sep> outer container <Tb> <sep> <sep> 100 <sep> outer container cladding <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1001 <sep> base bottom <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1002 <sep> base flange <tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1003 <sep> cylindrical center piece <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1004 <sep> Deckelbodenflansch <tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1005 <sep> Lid base (curved, e.g., torispheric) <Tb> <sep> <sep> 103 <sep> Foreign container interior <Tb> <sep> <sep> 104 <sep> Einfülldurchführung <Tb> <sep> <sep> 105 <sep> Output implementation <Tb> <sep> <sep> 106 <sep> Beaufschlagungsstutzen <Tb> <sep> <sep> 107 <sep> Drive Through <Tb> <sep> <sep> 108 <sep> vent connection <Tb> <sep> <sep> 109 <sep> Pipes <Tb> <sep> <sep> La <sep> outer container longitudinal axis <Tb> <sep> 11 <sep> Karbonisierungsbehälter <Tb> <sep> <sep> 110 <sep> Karbonisierungsbehältermantel <tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1101 <sep> Cover part (curved) <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1102 <sep> bonnet <tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1103 <sep> first shell part <tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1104 <sep> second shell part <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1105 <sep> base part <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1106 <sep> bottom flange <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1141 <sep> launder <Tb> <sep> <sep> <sep> 1142 <sep> Output channel <tb> <sep> <sep> 115 <sep> Mounting Flanges (Carbonation Tank on Base Floor) <tb> <sep> <sep> 116 <sep> Longitudinal channel (variable in length, completely crossing) <tb> <sep> <sep> 117 <sep> Deflection device (inclined bottom plate on the lid part) <tb> <sep> <sep> 118 <sep> Pressurizing agent (spring or thermal oil) <Tb> <sep> <sep> 119 <sep> Gear <Tb> <sep> <sep> 120 <sep> Karbonisierungsbehälterlager <Tb> <sep> <sep> Lp <sep> Karbonisierungsbehälterlängsachse <Tb> <sep> 13 <sep> agitator <Tb> <sep> <sep> 132 <sep> Rührwerkantriebsmittel <Tb> 2 <sep> reactor storage device <Tb> <sep> 20 <sep> frame <Tb> <sep> 21 <sep> pivot <Tb> <sep> 22 <sep> rotary drive <tb> 3 <sep> fluid (thermal oil) <tb> 4 <sep> Supply and discharge device <Tb> <sep> 40 <sep> feed cylinder <Tb> <sep> 41 <sep> sampling cylinder <tb> <sep> 42 <sep> Device Bearing (rotatable) <Tb> <sep> 43 <sep> drive means <tb> 5 <sep> process medium (highly viscous and solids laden)

Claims (12)

A pressure-tight carbonization vessel (11) in which the hydrothermal carbonization, agitation and passage of a high-viscosity and / or solids-laden process medium (5) can take place, comprising a carbonization vessel shell (110) enclosing a carbonation vessel void volume, characterized in that at least a part of the Karbonisierungsbehältermantels (110) is designed in several parts, the parts are pressure and liquid-tightly separated from each other and are stored reproducibly movable relative to each other so that the Karbonisierungsbehälter hollow volume is selectively changed and the internal pressure on the process medium (5) in the Karbonisierungsbehälter ( 11) is adjustable independently of the process temperature. 2. Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the internal pressure is achieved in part by mechanical pressurization means (118). A carbonation container (11) according to claim 1, wherein the adjustment of the internal pressure is achieved by a hydraulic pressurizing means (118). 4. Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) according to claim 2, wherein the Karbonisierungsbehältermantel (110) has a first casing part (1103) and a second casing part (1104), which are operatively connected to the mechanical Druckbeaufschlagungsmitteln (118) mounted against each other movable. 5. Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) according to claim 4, wherein the first shell part (1103) is mounted so as to be movable longitudinally relative to the second shell part (1104) by the mechanical pressure-loading means (118), concentrically parallel to the carbonization vessel longitudinal axis (Lp). A carbonator vessel (11) according to claim 4, wherein the mechanical pressurization means (118) is a plurality of tension springs (118) which mechanically force the shell parts (1103, 1104) against each other due to the spring forces. 7. Karbonisierungsbehälter according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a sealing gap or sealing surfaces between the parts of the Karbonisierungsbehältermantels (110) are sealed liquid-tight and pressure-tight. 8. Reactor (1), comprising a Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) according to one of the preceding claims and an outer container (10), wherein the carbonation container (11) can be arranged within an outer container (10) surrounded by a fluid (3) and the pressurization means (118) is formed by a hydraulic pressurization of the fluid (3), whereby the variation of the carbonation container hollow volume from outside the carbonation container (11) is selectively adjustable during the carbonation process. 9. Reactor (1) according to claim 8, wherein the hydraulic pressure is applied reproducibly to the multi-part Karbonisierungsbehältermantel (110) by resource-friendly pressurization of the fluid (3) by a supply nozzle (106) on the outer container (10) and in the outer container (10) extending tubes (109). 10. Use of a pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälters (11) for hydrothermal carbonation of a filled process medium (5), wherein the capacity of the Karbonisierungsbehälters (11) on the amount of the filled process medium (5) is adaptable and the internal pressure in the Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) regardless of the temperature the process medium (5) and the water vapor saturation curve from outside the Karbonisierungsbehälters (11) is adjustable. 11. Use of a pressure-tight Karbonisierungsbehälters (11) according to claim 10, wherein the internal pressure in the Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) by mechanical and / or hydraulic Druckbeaufschlagungsmittel (118). 12. A hydrothermal carbonization plant, comprising a multi-part reactor (1), comprising a Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) according to one of claims 1 to 7 which is mounted in an outer container (10), wherein the Karbonisierungsbehältervohlvolumen the Karbonisierungsbehälters (11) is selectively variable and an independent of the process temperature internal pressure on a process medium (5) in the Karbonisierungsbehälter (11) can be reached.