CH99290A - Process for the burnishing of ferrous objects by means of alkaline, hot baths with the addition of oxidizing agents. - Google Patents
Process for the burnishing of ferrous objects by means of alkaline, hot baths with the addition of oxidizing agents.Info
- Publication number
- CH99290A CH99290A CH99290DA CH99290A CH 99290 A CH99290 A CH 99290A CH 99290D A CH99290D A CH 99290DA CH 99290 A CH99290 A CH 99290A
- Authority
- CH
- Switzerland
- Prior art keywords
- bath
- oxidizing agents
- burnishing
- addition
- objects
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 15
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000007522 mineralic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003518 caustics Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007857 degradation product Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001369 Brass Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000012670 alkaline solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- -1 aromatic nitro compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000010951 brass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-3-pyrimidin-4-ylpropanoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(C)CC1=CC=NC=N1 JHWIEAWILPSRMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrophenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1[N+]([O-])=O IQUPABOKLQSFBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chlorate Chemical class [O-]Cl(=O)=O XTEGARKTQYYJKE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910000640 Fe alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous acid Chemical compound ON=O IOVCWXUNBOPUCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Superoxide Chemical class [O-][O] OUUQCZGPVNCOIJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- NBZLLOYLSHKTCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-][Cr]([O-])=O NBZLLOYLSHKTCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GFORUURFPDRRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Na].[Mn] Chemical compound [Na].[Mn] GFORUURFPDRRRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000365 copper sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L copper(II) sulfate Chemical compound [Cu+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] ARUVKPQLZAKDPS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N dichromate(2-) Chemical compound [O-][Cr](=O)(=O)O[Cr]([O-])(=O)=O SOCTUWSJJQCPFX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L hydroxy(oxo)iron;iron Chemical compound [Fe].O[Fe]=O.O[Fe]=O UCNNJGDEJXIUCC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002505 iron Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitromethylbenzene Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VLZLOWPYUQHHCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000011118 potassium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005494 tarnishing Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C22/00—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals
- C23C22/05—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions
- C23C22/60—Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive liquid, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals using aqueous solutions using alkaline aqueous solutions with pH greater than 8
- C23C22/62—Treatment of iron or alloys based thereon
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Cleaning And De-Greasing Of Metallic Materials By Chemical Methods (AREA)
- Chemical Treatment Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Verfahren zum Brünieren von eisenhaltigen Gegenständen mittelst alkalischen, heissen Bädern unter Zusatz von Oxydationsmitteln. Es ist bekannt, einen rostschützenden 'Überzug auf Eisen, z. B. Stahl und Eisen legierungen, in ;der Weise zu erzeugen, dass das Eisen mit .alkalischen heissen Bädern un ter Zusatz von Oxydationsmitteln behandelt wird. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass ;derartige Bä der bald unwirksam werden durch Aufnahme von Kohlensäure aus der Luft unter Bildung von Karbonat, das die Oxydation des Eisens hemmt. Hierbei häufen sich Reduktions- beäw. Zersetzungsprodukte an, so dass die Wirkung des oxydierenden Bades bald er schöpft ist.
Die vorliegende Erfindung bezweckt die Vermeidung dieser Nachteile. Sie beruht auf der Erkenntnis, da.ss ;die Anwesenheit von neu sich bildendem Ätza.lkali besonders günstig auf den Verlauf der Oxydation wirkt. Dies wird gemäss vorliegender Erfindung durch Zusatz von gebranntem und .gelöschtem Kalk oder ähnlich wirkenden Mitteln zu Bädern genannter Zusammensetzung erreicht. Hier durch wird stets neues Ätzalkali gebildet und die Karbonatbildung mit ihren unangenehmen Begleiterscheinungen und Folgen zurückge halten.
Als Oxydationsmittel können sowohl die meisten anorganischen Oxydationsmittel, wie z. B. Bichromat, Fermanganat, Nitrate, Ni trite, Superoxyde, Chlorate usw., als .auch or ganische Oxydationsmittel, wie z. B. aromati sche Nitroverbindungen wie nitrierte Baum wolle, Nitrophenol, Nitrotoluol usw., verwen det werden.
Je nach Konzentration und Ei sensorte können tiefschwarze bis bronze- und messingfarbene Überzüge erzeugt werden.
Wenn man zum Beispiel 100 Raumteile 33 %-iger Natronlauge mit 3 Raumteilen Salpeter und etwas gebranntem und gelösch tem Kalk versetzt und -das Bad auf 120 bis <B>130'</B> erhitzt, so kann man in ;demselben in etwa 15 bis 30 Minuten, je nach Grösse ider zu behandelten Stücke, poliertes Eisen schwarz brünieren und diesen Brünierungs- prozess im kontinuierlichen Verfahren fort setzen.
Tiefere Töne in Schwarz erhält man, wenn man den zu brünierenden Gegenstand vorher mittelst einer anorganischen Säure, z. B. Salzsäure, einige Minuten beizt.
Nimmt man Lauge von höherer Konzen tration, der man etwas mehr Salpeter zusetzt wie vorher und treibt man die Erhitzung auf ungefähr 180 bis 200 , so ist man in der Lage, mittelst eines derartigen Bades polier tes Eisen in etwa 5 Minuten braun zu färben.
Handelt es sich darum, Gegenstände aus Gusseisen zu brünieren, so ist vor der Behand lung die Gusshaut zu entfernen. Dies ge schieht ebenfalls mittelst einer anorganischen Säure, z. B. Salzsäure.
Der behandelte Gegenstand wird nach Herausnahme aus dem Bad mittelst Wasser gut abgespült, wobei die abgespülte Lösung wieder verwendet werden kann. Um sodann die letzten Spuren von Kalk wegzubringen, wird der brünierte Gegenstand in ein Kalk lösemittel, z. B. verdünnte Essigsäure, ge taucht, worauf man nochmals mit Wasser nachspült. Das Trocknen erfolgt hierauf durch Wärme oder durch Abreiben mit Säge spänen oder ,dergleichen. Endlich kann man dem so brünierten Gegenstand durch Einrei ben mit 01 oder durch Überzug von feinem Lack und Firnis entsprechenden Glanz ver leihen.
Das Verfahren hat vor allem den Vorteil, dass Eisen, Stahl, deren Legierungen und feste Lösungen bei der angegebenen Temperatur ohne Veränderung der Eigenschaften und mit vollständiger Erhaltung der Oberfläche selbst bei Hochpolitur mit einmaligem Behandeln brüniert werden können, wobei das Bad durch den Kalkzusatz sich selbst regeneriert. Der letztere Umstand macht das Verfahren wirt schaftlich und billig und ermöglicht einen Massenbetrieb. Dabei ist es möglich, die zu brünierenden Gegenstände dicht nebeneinan der zu lagern.
Die erzeugte Eisenoxy dschicht blättert und schwärzt nicht ab, wie dies bei den Erzeugnissen, welche nach den bestehen den Verfahren erhalten werden, der Fall ist. Ausserdem erfordert die fabrikatorische Durchführung des Verfahrens selbst bei gro ssen Massen einen Aufwand von nur wenig Arbeitskräften. Es hat sich ferner beim vor beschriebenen Verfahren herausgestellt, dass in verdünnten Laugen unter Zusatz von Oxy dationsmitteln .die Brünierung bei den fri schen Bädern sich nicht so leicht und durch- greifend vollzieht, als beiden späteren in den selben Bädern .ausgeführten Metallfärbungen.
Es hat sich gezeigt, dass die Brünierung erst dann vollkommen und rasch gelingt, wenn in dem Bade von den angewandten Oxyda- tionsmitteln, wie Salpeter, Kaliumpermanga nat, Natrium- oder Naliumbichromat usw., deren Abbauprodukte, wie salpetrigsaures Natron, mangansaures Natrium, Natrium- oder K.aliumchromit ete., verha.nden sind.
Gibt man nun :dem Bade bei Beginn der Brünierung sofort solche Abbauprodukte in geringen Mengen zu, so wird die Brünierung sofort eingeleitet, mit ,dem Ergebnis von sat teren Tönen. Erhöht kann diese Wirkung noch werden -durch Zusatz von geringen 11Ten- gen eines Eisensalzes, wie z. B. Eisennitrat.
<I>Beispiel:</I> Setzt mau ein Bad mit etwa 100 kg Na tronlauge, 1 kg gebranntem, 2 kg gelöschtem Kalk und ungefähr 2 kg Salpeter an, so er zielt man eine rasche Brünierung, wenn ca. 100 -r Natriumnitrit und etwa 50,-r Eisen nitrat zugegeben werden, wobei die Töne von tiefschwarz bis messinggelb satter werden.
Man kann ferner auch hellere Töne beim Brünieren erzeugen, als dies mit den oben be schriebenen Ausführungsformen des Verfah rens möglich isst.
Zu diesem Zwecke werden die zu behan delnden Gegenstände vor zu rascher Einwir kung des Bades mit einer schützenden ,Schicht versehen, die z. B. durch Eintauchen in sehr verdünnte Kupfersulfatlösung oder durch Anlaufenl.assen, z. B. durch Erhitzen im Luftbad bis zur blauen Anlauffarbe, erzeugt wird. Alsdann erfolgt die Färbung im Bad allmählich von gelb beginnend bis Bronzefar ben. Dabei arbeitet man zweckmässig mit Laugen höherer Konzentration bis zur Sätti gung bei Temperaturen von etwa 180 bis 200 Grad.
Process for the burnishing of ferrous objects by means of alkaline, hot baths with the addition of oxidizing agents. It is known to apply an anti-rust coating to iron, e.g. B. steel and iron alloys, to be produced in such a way that the iron is treated with alkaline hot baths with the addition of oxidizing agents. It has been shown that such baths soon become ineffective when carbonic acid is absorbed from the air with the formation of carbonate, which inhibits the oxidation of iron. Reduction levels accumulate here. Decomposition products, so that the effect of the oxidizing bath is soon exhausted.
The present invention aims to avoid these disadvantages. It is based on the knowledge that the presence of newly formed caustic potash has a particularly favorable effect on the course of the oxidation. According to the present invention, this is achieved by adding quicklime and slaked lime or similarly acting agents to baths of the composition mentioned. Here, new caustic alkali is always formed and the carbonate formation with its unpleasant side effects and consequences is held back.
As an oxidizing agent, most inorganic oxidizing agents, such as. B. bichromate, fermanganate, nitrates, Ni trite, super oxides, chlorates, etc., as .auch or ganic oxidizing agents such. B. aromatic nitro compounds such as nitrated cotton, nitrophenol, nitrotoluene, etc., can be used.
Depending on the concentration and type of egg, deep black to bronze and brass colored coatings can be produced.
If, for example, 100 parts by volume of 33% sodium hydroxide solution are mixed with 3 parts by volume of saltpeter and some burnt and slaked lime and the bath is heated to 120 to 130 ', then you can use it in about 15 Up to 30 minutes, depending on the size of the pieces to be treated, burnish the polished iron black and continue this burnishing process in a continuous process.
Deeper shades in black are obtained if the object to be burnished is previously treated with an inorganic acid, e.g. B. hydrochloric acid, sticks for a few minutes.
If one takes lye of higher concentration, to which a little more saltpeter is added as before, and if the temperature is increased to about 180 to 200, one is able to turn polished iron brown in about 5 minutes by means of such a bath.
If it is a matter of browning objects made of cast iron, the casting skin must be removed before treatment. This is also done by means of an inorganic acid, e.g. B. hydrochloric acid.
The treated object is rinsed well with water after taking it out of the bath, whereby the rinsed solution can be used again. Then to bring away the last traces of lime, the burnished object is in a lime solvent, z. B. dilute acetic acid, ge dips, whereupon you rinse again with water. The drying is then done by heat or by rubbing with saw chips or the like. Finally, you can give an object burnished in this way by rubbing it with 01 or by coating it with fine varnish and varnish.
The main advantage of the process is that iron, steel, their alloys and solid solutions can be burnished at the specified temperature without changing the properties and with complete preservation of the surface even with a high polish with a single treatment, whereby the bath is self-contained due to the addition of lime regenerated. The latter circumstance makes the process economical and cheap and enables mass operation. It is possible to store the items to be burnished close to one another.
The produced Eisenoxy dschicht peels and does not blacken, as is the case with the products, which are obtained according to the existing processes. In addition, the fabrication of the process requires only a small number of workers, even in the case of large quantities. It has also been found in the method described above that in dilute alkaline solutions with the addition of oxidizing agents, the browning in the fresh baths does not take place as easily and thoroughly as the two later metal colorations carried out in the same baths.
It has been shown that the browning only succeeds completely and quickly if the oxidizing agents used, such as saltpetre, potassium permanganate, sodium or sodium dichromate, etc., and their breakdown products such as nitrous acid, sodium manganese, sodium are in the bath - or potassium chromite ete., are involved.
If one now: immediately adds such degradation products in small quantities to the bath at the beginning of the blackening, the blackening is started immediately, with the result of deeper tones. This effect can be increased by adding small amounts of an iron salt, such as B. iron nitrate.
<I> Example: </I> If you set up a bath with around 100 kg of sodium hydroxide solution, 1 kg of burnt, 2 kg of slaked lime and around 2 kg of saltpetre, you will achieve a quick browning when around 100 -r sodium nitrite and about 50, -r iron nitrate can be added, whereby the tones from deep black to brass yellow become deeper.
It is also possible to produce lighter tones during the burnishing than is possible with the embodiments of the method described above.
For this purpose, the objects to be treated are provided with a protective layer, which z. B. by immersion in very dilute copper sulfate solution or by tarnishing, e.g. B. by heating in an air bath until the blue tarnish color is generated. Then the color in the bath takes place gradually from yellow to bronze colors. It is advisable to work with alkaline solutions of higher concentration up to saturation at temperatures of about 180 to 200 degrees.
Claims (1)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH99290T | 1922-04-12 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CH99290A true CH99290A (en) | 1923-05-16 |
Family
ID=4357198
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH99290D CH99290A (en) | 1922-04-12 | 1922-04-12 | Process for the burnishing of ferrous objects by means of alkaline, hot baths with the addition of oxidizing agents. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CH (1) | CH99290A (en) |
-
1922
- 1922-04-12 CH CH99290D patent/CH99290A/en unknown
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