CL2016001867A1 - Sistema y dispositivo para la generación de alto rendimiento de gotitas y métodos de uso combinatorios. - Google Patents

Sistema y dispositivo para la generación de alto rendimiento de gotitas y métodos de uso combinatorios.

Info

Publication number
CL2016001867A1
CL2016001867A1 CL2016001867A CL2016001867A CL2016001867A1 CL 2016001867 A1 CL2016001867 A1 CL 2016001867A1 CL 2016001867 A CL2016001867 A CL 2016001867A CL 2016001867 A CL2016001867 A CL 2016001867A CL 2016001867 A1 CL2016001867 A1 CL 2016001867A1
Authority
CL
Chile
Prior art keywords
droplets
generation
high performance
combinatorial methods
microfluidic
Prior art date
Application number
CL2016001867A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Tza-Huei Wang
Tushar Dnyandeo Rane
Helena Claire Zec
Original Assignee
Univ Johns Hopkins
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Univ Johns Hopkins filed Critical Univ Johns Hopkins
Publication of CL2016001867A1 publication Critical patent/CL2016001867A1/es

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502769—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements
    • B01L3/502784—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by multiphase flow arrangements specially adapted for droplet or plug flow, e.g. digital microfluidics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J19/0046—Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502715—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by interfacing components, e.g. fluidic, electrical, optical or mechanical interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L3/00—Containers or dishes for laboratory use, e.g. laboratory glassware; Droppers
    • B01L3/50—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes
    • B01L3/502—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures
    • B01L3/5027—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip
    • B01L3/502738—Containers for the purpose of retaining a material to be analysed, e.g. test tubes with fluid transport, e.g. in multi-compartment structures by integrated microfluidic structures, i.e. dimensions of channels and chambers are such that surface tension forces are important, e.g. lab-on-a-chip characterised by integrated valves
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B50/00—Methods of creating libraries, e.g. combinatorial synthesis
    • C40B50/08—Liquid phase synthesis, i.e. wherein all library building blocks are in liquid phase or in solution during library creation; Particular methods of cleavage from the liquid support
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C40—COMBINATORIAL TECHNOLOGY
    • C40B—COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY; LIBRARIES, e.g. CHEMICAL LIBRARIES
    • C40B60/00—Apparatus specially adapted for use in combinatorial chemistry or with libraries
    • C40B60/08—Integrated apparatus specially adapted for both creating and screening libraries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00277—Apparatus
    • B01J2219/00351—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents
    • B01J2219/00418—Means for dispensing and evacuation of reagents using pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00585—Parallel processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/00583—Features relative to the processes being carried out
    • B01J2219/00599—Solution-phase processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
    • B01J2219/00274—Sequential or parallel reactions; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making arrays; Chemical library technology
    • B01J2219/0068—Means for controlling the apparatus of the process
    • B01J2219/00702—Processes involving means for analysing and characterising the products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/14—Process control and prevention of errors
    • B01L2200/141—Preventing contamination, tampering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2200/00—Solutions for specific problems relating to chemical or physical laboratory apparatus
    • B01L2200/14—Process control and prevention of errors
    • B01L2200/143—Quality control, feedback systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/02—Identification, exchange or storage of information
    • B01L2300/021—Identification, e.g. bar codes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0864—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices comprising only one inlet and multiple receiving wells, e.g. for separation, splitting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2300/00—Additional constructional details
    • B01L2300/08—Geometry, shape and general structure
    • B01L2300/0861—Configuration of multiple channels and/or chambers in a single devices
    • B01L2300/0867—Multiple inlets and one sample wells, e.g. mixing, dilution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01L—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL LABORATORY APPARATUS FOR GENERAL USE
    • B01L2400/00—Moving or stopping fluids
    • B01L2400/06—Valves, specific forms thereof
    • B01L2400/0633—Valves, specific forms thereof with moving parts
    • B01L2400/0666—Solenoid valves

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Clinical Laboratory Science (AREA)
  • Hematology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Automatic Analysis And Handling Materials Therefor (AREA)
  • Measuring Or Testing Involving Enzymes Or Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Apparatus Associated With Microorganisms And Enzymes (AREA)

Abstract

un sistema microfluidico que consiste en una pastilla microfluidica y una metodología de realizar un ensayo quimico mediante las cuales se procesa una muestra como múltiples gotitas hijas, gotitas que se incuban con diferentes reactivos. Se puede detectar las propiedades de estas gotitas para entregar datos de ensayo.
CL2016001867A 2014-01-24 2016-07-22 Sistema y dispositivo para la generación de alto rendimiento de gotitas y métodos de uso combinatorios. CL2016001867A1 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US201461931516P 2014-01-24 2014-01-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CL2016001867A1 true CL2016001867A1 (es) 2016-12-30

Family

ID=53682025

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CL2016001867A CL2016001867A1 (es) 2014-01-24 2016-07-22 Sistema y dispositivo para la generación de alto rendimiento de gotitas y métodos de uso combinatorios.

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US10406520B2 (es)
EP (1) EP3096882B1 (es)
CN (1) CN106029233B (es)
BR (1) BR112016017155A2 (es)
CA (1) CA2937784C (es)
CL (1) CL2016001867A1 (es)
ES (1) ES2876264T3 (es)
WO (1) WO2015112985A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12290811B2 (en) 2015-01-23 2025-05-06 Unchained Labs Microfluidic serial dilution platform based well-plate using an oil-free immiscible phase driven by manual or electronic pipettors
US10914727B2 (en) 2015-08-19 2021-02-09 The Texas A&M University System Microfluidic platform device and method for identifying neutralizing and/or enhancing antibodies through direct functional assays
JP2018537663A (ja) * 2015-11-06 2018-12-20 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エヌ ヴェＫｏｎｉｎｋｌｉｊｋｅ Ｐｈｉｌｉｐｓ Ｎ．Ｖ． モジュラー流体検知システム
WO2018148693A1 (en) * 2017-02-13 2018-08-16 Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc. System, method, and device for forming an array of emulsions
US11059043B2 (en) * 2017-04-19 2021-07-13 The Johns Hopkins University Impedance based feedback control of microfluidic valves
WO2018200896A1 (en) 2017-04-28 2018-11-01 Neofluidics, Llc Fluidic devices with reaction wells and uses thereof
WO2018204150A1 (en) * 2017-05-02 2018-11-08 Wu Guikai Method and system for reference-assisted droplet detection, indexing and sorting for assays and diagnostics
EP4435113B1 (en) 2017-05-18 2025-12-10 10X Genomics, Inc. Methods and systems for sorting droplets and beads
US10544413B2 (en) 2017-05-18 2020-01-28 10X Genomics, Inc. Methods and systems for sorting droplets and beads
CA3072328A1 (en) 2017-08-09 2019-02-14 Neofluidics, Llc Devices and methods for bioassay
US10610865B2 (en) 2017-08-22 2020-04-07 10X Genomics, Inc. Droplet forming devices and system with differential surface properties
WO2019083852A1 (en) 2017-10-26 2019-05-02 10X Genomics, Inc. MICROFLUIDIC CHANNEL NETWORKS FOR PARTITIONING
CN109746059B (zh) * 2017-11-06 2024-04-12 北京新羿生物科技有限公司 微液滴生成系统
EP3706905A4 (en) * 2017-11-10 2021-11-03 Neofluidics, LLC INTEGRATED FLUID CIRCUIT AND DEVICE FOR DROPLET MANIPULATION AND PROCEDURE FOR THIS
JP2019144164A (ja) * 2018-02-22 2019-08-29 株式会社エンプラス 流体取扱装置
EP3870369A4 (en) 2018-10-26 2022-11-09 Neofluidics, LLC FLUID DEVICES HAVING REACTION WELLS AND THROAT CHANNEL AND USES THEREOF
CN109289951B (zh) * 2018-10-29 2021-01-05 深圳先进技术研究院 液滴分裂微流控芯片及应用
CN113747974A (zh) 2019-02-28 2021-12-03 10X基因组学有限公司 用于提高液滴形成效率的装置、系统和方法
WO2021110896A1 (en) * 2019-12-04 2021-06-10 Astraveus Microfluidic device and method for processing particles
CN111841669B (zh) * 2020-06-19 2023-10-20 华中科技大学同济医学院附属同济医院 一种用于微生物检测的pcr芯片及基于该pcr芯片的液滴分配方法
US12097494B2 (en) * 2020-09-17 2024-09-24 Mayo Foundation For Medical Education And Research Methods, devices, and systems for detecting two or more analytes within small volumes
CN116139946B (zh) * 2021-11-19 2025-11-14 深圳华大生命科学研究院 微流控装置及其制作方法
CN117548165B (zh) * 2023-10-26 2025-11-21 余姚市机器人研究中心 一种基于微流控反馈阀的均匀液滴生成装置
DE102024117886A1 (de) * 2024-06-25 2026-01-08 NORGANOID Ltd. Mikrofluidisches Chip-System

Family Cites Families (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2004208152A (ja) 2002-12-26 2004-07-22 Mitsubishi Electric Corp 遅延回路
US7595195B2 (en) * 2003-02-11 2009-09-29 The Regents Of The University Of California Microfluidic devices for controlled viscous shearing and formation of amphiphilic vesicles
JP3778290B2 (ja) * 2003-07-29 2006-05-24 船井電機株式会社 光ディスク再生装置
US20050176135A1 (en) * 2004-02-06 2005-08-11 Brian Jones Cassette for isolation, amplification and identification of DNA or protein and method of use
JP4784508B2 (ja) 2004-05-07 2011-10-05 コニカミノルタエムジー株式会社 検査用マイクロリアクタおよび検査装置ならびに検査方法
US20060153745A1 (en) 2005-01-11 2006-07-13 Applera Corporation Fluid processing device for oligonucleotide synthesis and analysis
US8257964B2 (en) * 2006-01-04 2012-09-04 Cell ASIC Microwell cell-culture device and fabrication method
US7811603B2 (en) 2006-05-09 2010-10-12 The Regents Of The University Of California Microfluidic device for forming monodisperse lipoplexes
EP2530167A1 (en) * 2006-05-11 2012-12-05 Raindance Technologies, Inc. Microfluidic Devices
DE102009032820A1 (de) * 2009-07-13 2011-01-20 Mitsubishi Polyester Film Gmbh Ein- oder mehrschichtige, stabilisierte Polyesterfolie
US9625454B2 (en) * 2009-09-04 2017-04-18 The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York Rapid and continuous analyte processing in droplet microfluidic devices
US9376713B2 (en) * 2009-09-23 2016-06-28 The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois Label free detection of nucleic acid amplification
KR20140063507A (ko) * 2011-02-07 2014-05-27 프레지던트 앤드 펠로우즈 오브 하바드 칼리지 액적을 분할하기 위한 시스템 및 방법
US10222391B2 (en) * 2011-12-07 2019-03-05 The Johns Hopkins University System and method for screening a library of samples
WO2013140846A1 (ja) 2012-03-21 2013-09-26 日本電気株式会社 対象物質分析チップ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN106029233A (zh) 2016-10-12
ES2876264T3 (es) 2021-11-12
WO2015112985A1 (en) 2015-07-30
CN106029233B (zh) 2018-10-23
EP3096882A1 (en) 2016-11-30
EP3096882A4 (en) 2017-09-20
CA2937784C (en) 2022-08-23
US10406520B2 (en) 2019-09-10
EP3096882B1 (en) 2021-05-05
BR112016017155A2 (pt) 2017-08-08
US20160332163A1 (en) 2016-11-17
CA2937784A1 (en) 2015-07-30

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CL2016001867A1 (es) Sistema y dispositivo para la generación de alto rendimiento de gotitas y métodos de uso combinatorios.
MX384536B (es) Sistemas y metodos para multiples analisis.
CL2017001940A1 (es) Dispositivo de medición de la calidad del suelo
IL257441B (en) Devices and methods for bio/chemical tests with simplified steps, small samples, accelerated speed and easy to use
BR112015001592A8 (pt) análise de imagem e medidas de amostras biológicas
IL254858B (en) High resolution systems, kits, apparatus, and methods for high throughput microbiology applications
BR112016008970A2 (pt) Método de ativação ex vivo e para avaliar ativação plasmática em um indivíduo, ensaio ex vivo para determinar atividade de calicreína plasmática em uma amostra
MX380519B (es) Métodos, kits y aparato para expandir una población de células.
IL251261B (en) Reagents and methods for the identification, enrichment and/or expansion of antigen-specific T-cells
BR112015018454A2 (pt) métodos de condução de evolução direcionada, método de condução de evolução direcionada de moléculas biológicas e sistema de computador.
EP3207499A4 (en) Methods and systems for classifying biological samples, including optimization of analyses and use of correlation
EP3259577A4 (en) Systems, devices, and methods for detecting fertility and gender of unhatched eggs
EP3117221A4 (en) Microfluidic devices, systems and methods for sample preparation and analysis
MX344792B (es) Sistemas y métodos para múltiples análisis.
AR093446A1 (es) Anticuerpos de antihemaglutinina y metodos de uso
BR112015024266A2 (pt) método para testar uma amostra biológica em um dispositivo, dispositivo e sistema relacionados
MX2017001405A (es) Deteccion de acidos nucleicos diana mediante el uso de hibridacion.
EP3216852A4 (en) Method for introducing nucleic acid, method for detecting nucleic acid, method for analyzing biological component, array device for biological component assay, and kit for analyzing biological component
MX388966B (es) Metodos y sistemas para amplificacion de acido nucleico.
EP3232203A4 (en) Substrate for sample analysis, sample analysis device, sample analysis system, and program for sample analysis system
BR112015024134A2 (pt) método para classificar a amostra biológica, sistema para classificar a amostra biológica e produto de programa de computador
SV2016005288A (es) Mã‰todos y aparato para la coordinaciã“n de la selecciã“n del sistema entre un conjunto de nodos
EP3256849A4 (en) Devices, solutions and methods for sample collection related applications, analysis and diagnosis
MX2017001134A (es) Composiciones y metodos para la deteccion y analisis de tuberculosis micobacteriana.
BR112016018454A2 (pt) método e sistema de simulação de produção de fluido, e, meio de armazenamento legível por computador.