CN100448103C - 介质谐振器天线 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种介质谐振器型天线，其包括介质材料块(10)，将要安装在接地面上的介质块的第一表面由金属层覆盖。根据本发明，至少一个与第一表面垂直的第二表面由局部金属层覆盖，该局部金属层的宽度小于第二表面的宽度。本发明具体应用于家用无线网络的DRA天线。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种小型的介质谐振器天线，具体涉及用于无线通讯的RF电路中使用的天线，尤其是用于大众市场的这一类型的天线。
背景技术
在与用于家用无线网络的大众市场产品相关的天线发展体系中，介质谐振器天线或DRA在通带和辐射方面表现出了引人注目的性能。而且，这种类型的天线非常适合以面装分立元件或CMS元件的形式的应用。特别地，介质谐振器型天线主要是由一任意形状的介质材料块组成的，该介质材料块的特征在于它的相对介电常数εr。正如1994年《微波与毫米波国际期刊-微波半自动计算工程》(International Journal of Microwave and Millimeter-Wave Computer-AidedEngineering)第4卷第3期第230-247页中发表的《介质谐振器天线-谐振频率和带宽的讨论和一般设计关系》(Dielectric Resonator Antenna-A Review AndGeneral Design Relations For Resonant Frequency And Bandwidth)文章中详细地描述的那样，通带和介质谐振器型天线的尺寸是与谐振器的构成材料的介电常数εr成反比的。这样，介电常数越低，DRA的通带越宽，但天线的尺寸也越大；相反地，DRA的构成材料的介电常数εr越高，DRA的尺寸也越小，但天线的通带越窄。这样，为了在以WLAN为标准的家用无线网络中使用这种天线，有必要找出介质谐振器的尺寸与通带之间的折衷点，同时建议采纳可以集成到设备中的最小体积。
关于各种可以减小介质谐振器尺寸的解决方法，目前所使用的方法是利用谐振器内部的场的对称性来确定可以应用电壁或磁壁条件的切割面。一种这一类型的解决方法被详细地记载在题目为《半体积介质谐振器天线设计》(Halfvolume dielectric resonator antenna design)的文章中。该文章发表在1997年11月6日的《Electronic Letters》第33卷第23期第1914-1916页上。通过利用这样的常识：在常数x和z限定的平面内，介质谐振器型天线内部的TE111 γ模的电场表现为相同的取向，并且具有关于垂直于该取向的直线的对称轴，从而可以应用镜像原理并且可以通过在对称面上进行切割并用无限大的电壁取代被截的半个DRA来使DRA的尺寸减半，也就是镀金属法。这样，DRA的形状就可以从图1的长方形变为图2和3中的形状。更准确地说，图1所示的长方形介质谐振器型天线长b、宽a、高2*d，在介质的介电常数εr＝12.6、工作在TE111 γ模式下、工作频率为5.25GHz时估算为a＝10mm，b＝25.8mm，2*d＝9.6mm。如果第一电壁设置在z＝0的平面上，如图2所示，此时，长方形DRA的长b、宽a与图1所示的DRA的长、宽一样，但是高减小一半变为d。而且，由附图标记1表示的金属镀层使电壁能够设置在z＝0的平面上。按照图3所示的实施例，可利用平面z＝d的对称性进行第二次切割，在这种情况下，我们可以通过镀金属法2在x＝0处得到一个电壁。因此，介质谐振器的长等于b/2，宽等于a，高等于d。这样，相对于基本的拓扑结构，介质谐振器型天线的尺寸被减小了4倍。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种介质谐振器天线，本发明可以大大减小介质谐振器型天线的体积而不会降低其辐射能力。
因而，本发明的主题是一种介质谐振器型天线，包括介质材料块，介质材料块的第一表面安装在接地面上，所述第一表面被第一金属层覆盖，其特征在于：至少一个与第一表面垂直的第二表面被第二金属层覆盖，其中，宽度比第二表面的宽度小且高度小于或等于第二表面的高度的第二金属层与第一金属层接触，因此，对于给定的频率，减小了介质谐振型天线的尺寸。
为了得到更好的效果，覆盖在第二表面上的金属层最好位于所述第二表面的宽度的中央。依照本发明的另一个特征，覆盖在第二表面上的金属层经覆盖在与第一表面平行的第三表面上的金属层而延伸。优选地，覆盖在第三表面上的金属层伸展一个小于第三表面的长度的宽度。根据另一个特征，覆盖在第三表面上的金属层的宽度与覆盖在第二表面上的金属层的宽度不同。
这样，如下文所述，可获得比上述的那些DRA更加小的DRA。减小尺寸的效果可以由介质谐振器型天线内部的场线的变长来解释。特别地，使场线变形同时使场线变长的新的边界条件是通过局部金属镀层而强加在电场上的。
附图说明
本发明其它的特征和优点在阅读了各个实施例的说明后变得显而易见，本说明书是参照附图进行描述的，其中：
附图1是已介绍过的由长方形块形成的介质谐振器型的基本天线的透视图；
附图2是已介绍过的放置在宽接地面上的设置有镀金属面的长方形DRA的透视图；
附图3是已介绍过的设置在接地面上的小型介质谐振器型天线的透视图；
附图4是按照本发明第一实施例的介质谐振器型天线透视图；
附图5是与图4类似的按照本发明另一实施例的视图；
附图6a、6b、6c表示由微带线馈电的介质谐振器型天线；
附图7表示给出不同结构的小型DRA的作为频率的函数的反射系数S11的曲线。
具体实施方式
在附图4中以透视方式概略地表示的是根据本发明的小型介质谐振器型天线的第一实施例。介质谐振器主要由介质材料块10构成。呈现特定的介电常数εr的介质材料可以是基于陶瓷的材料或者是以介质填充的的聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)型或聚丙烯(PP)型镀金属塑料。在所表示的实施例中，介质块具有长方形的形状，但对于本领域的技术人员来说，显然该介质块可以具有其它的形状，特别是正方形或者甚至是圆柱形或多边形。减小块的尺寸的公知方式是在将要放置在带有接地平面的基板的上的块的底表面上覆盖上金属层11。根据本发明，与被金属层11覆盖的表面垂直的表面中，也有一个表面是被局部金属层12覆盖的。金属层是由例如银、铬、镍制成，或者是由铜/镍、铜/锡组成的多层金属层制成，金属层可以通过沉积作用来形成，在使用诸如氧化铝这样的陶瓷基底的情况下，是通过丝网印刷导电油墨来实现的，或者在使用可镀金属塑料的情况下，是通过电化学沉积来实现的。在这种情况下，最好使用多层金属层，即用于固定到塑料上的化学铜层后面跟有电解铜，以改善由镍或锡沉淀物覆盖的表面状态，避免任何侵蚀现象。金属化也可以由银、铬、镍一类金属的真空沉积来实现。在这种情况下，沉积物的厚度接近微米。
在图4中的介质块的情况中，镀金属层12被镀在介质块的整个高度上。
本发明的另一实施例将参照图5来说明。在这种情况下，介质谐振器型天线由介电常数为εr的长方形块20组成。正如图4中的天线的那样，金属层21沉积在块的表面20上。该表面是安装在带有接地平面的基板上的。同样，依照本发明，宽度小于块20的一个竖直面的宽度的金属层22被沉积在所述表面上，依照本发明的另一个特征，金属层22是通过沉积在介质块的与带有金属层21的表面平行的表面20上的金属层23来延伸的。正如图5所示，金属层23具有小于它所沉积于其上的表面的长度的长度mh。
为了证明诸如依照图4、5制作的介质谐振器型天线在尺寸上的减小，已经根据基于FDTD“有限差分时域”法的3维电磁场仿真软件进行了不同拓朴结构的量度。从而对通过缝隙经微带线馈电的长方形介质谐振器型天线进行仿真。图6a、6b、6c中表示了这一结构。在这种情况下，如附图5那样设置有金属镀层的块30被安装在基板31上。基板31是具有介电常数εr的介质基板其特征在于具有弱射频特性，也就是在它的介质特性上表现出相当大的色散和相当大的介质损耗。正如图6a所示，基板31的两个外表面都被镀上金属，也就是上表面通过层32形成接地平面，下表面有一蚀刻着微带线33的层。DRA的馈电方式是传统的馈电方式，经过在位于上表面的接地平面内形成的缝隙34，由蚀刻在下表面的微带线33进行馈电。依照图1、2、3、4和5中描述的各种拓扑结构，将DRA形成所需的尺寸，以这样的方式以便在FR4(ε’r＝4.4，h＝0.8mm)型的基板上以5.25GHz的频率工作。该DRA是由介电常数εr＝12.6的介质形成的。如图6b所示，馈电系统(缝隙和线)位于DRA的宽度a的中心位置：D2＝a/2。这种情况下，馈线表现出来的特征阻抗是50欧姆(wm＝1.5mm)，并且缝隙34的宽为Ws、长为Ls。象在图6c中清楚的描述一样，微带线33垂直地横过缝隙34，并且具有相对于缝隙中心的突出量m。缝隙的位置是由尺寸D1为标注的。对应于图2、3的结构的DRA是位于无限大的接地平面上的，而对应于图5所示的结构，即对应于本发明的一个实施例的结构的DRA是放置在接地平面的边缘的，正如图6所示。下面，在表1中给出对应于各种不同结构的DRA的尺寸。
| εr＝12.6 | A(mm) | b(mm) | 高(mm) | Ls(mm) | Ws(mm) | m(mm) | mv(mm) | mh(mm) | D1(mm) |
| 基本DRA | 10 | 25.8 | 2*d＝9.6 | 6 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 在接地平面上的DRA | 10 | 25.8 | d＝4.8 | 6 | 2.4 | 3.3 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 1/2DRA | 10 | 12.9 | d＝4.8 | 7.5 | 12 | 3.6 | 10 | 0 | 9 |
| 图6中的DRA | 8.5 | 6 | d＝4.8 | 8 | 1.2 | 3 | 5 | 1.8 | 5.1 |
可清楚地看出，图6中DRA具有8.5的长度a而不是其它DRA的长度10、6的宽度b而不是在12.9和25.8之间变化的宽度、4.8的高而不是在4.8和9.6之间变化的高度。因此，按照本发明的DRA得到了对于1/2DRA的进一步的3倍的减小。
更一般地说，如上面所提到的《electronic letter》中发表的文章中所介绍，首先利用沿两个对称面进行切割的原理，将介质谐振器型天线形成为所需尺寸。如上面所描述的那样沉积局部金属镀层。尺寸特别依赖于所使用的材料的局部金属镀层导致DRA的工作频率降低。因此，尺寸a和b适合于降低到所需的频率。
此外，如图7所示，给出了作为频率的函数的反射系数S11，可见，图5中的DRA给出了与图3、4中DRA类似的适配电平。
上述的实施例可以通过具体实施方案的选取而改变。特别是第二表面上局部金属镀层的宽度可以与第三表面上的金属镀层的宽度不同。
利用本发明的结构，DRA的尺寸因而得到相当大的减小从而实现小型化。
Claims (5)
1.一种介质谐振器型天线，包括介质材料块(10，20)，介质材料块的第一表面安装在接地面上，所述第一表面被第一金属层(11，21)覆盖，其特征在于：至少一个与第一表面垂直的第二表面被第二金属层(12，22)覆盖，其中，宽度比第二表面的宽度小且高度小于或等于第二表面的高度的第二金属层与第一金属层接触，因此，对于给定的频率，减小了介质谐振型天线的尺寸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于：覆盖在第二表面上的金属层位于所述第二表面宽度的中央位置。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于：覆盖在第二表面上的金属层经覆盖在与第一表面平行的第三表面上的金属层(13，23)延伸。
4.根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于：覆盖在第三表面上的金属层伸展了小于第三表面的长度的长度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的天线，其特征在于：覆盖在第三表面上的金属层的宽度与覆盖在第二表面上的金属层的宽度不同。
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0211114A FR2844399A1 (fr) | 2002-09-09 | 2002-09-09 | Antennes de type resonateur dielectrique |
| FR0211114 | 2002-09-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1495967A CN1495967A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
| CN100448103C true CN100448103C (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB031470920A Expired - Fee Related CN100448103C (zh) | 2002-09-09 | 2003-09-08 | 介质谐振器天线 |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US7196663B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP1396907B1 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP4393822B2 (zh) |
| KR (1) | KR101052320B1 (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN100448103C (zh) |
| DE (1) | DE60311549T2 (zh) |
| ES (1) | ES2280709T3 (zh) |
| FR (1) | FR2844399A1 (zh) |
| MX (1) | MXPA03007963A (zh) |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102723596A (zh) * | 2012-07-12 | 2012-10-10 | Tdk大连电子有限公司 | 一种超薄小型陶瓷天线 |
| CN109193147A (zh) * | 2018-09-14 | 2019-01-11 | 南通大学 | 一种采用带槽介质贴片的低剖面滤波天线 |
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| GB2412246B (en) * | 2004-03-16 | 2007-05-23 | Antenova Ltd | Dielectric antenna with metallised walls |
| JP5057786B2 (ja) | 2006-08-09 | 2012-10-24 | 富士通株式会社 | タグ |
| US7619564B2 (en) * | 2006-08-23 | 2009-11-17 | National Taiwan University | Wideband dielectric resonator monopole antenna |
| TWI324839B (en) * | 2007-05-07 | 2010-05-11 | Univ Nat Taiwan | Wideband dielectric resonator antenna and design method thereof |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US7196663B2 (en) | 2007-03-27 |
| EP1396907B1 (en) | 2007-01-31 |
| KR101052320B1 (ko) | 2011-07-27 |
| JP4393822B2 (ja) | 2010-01-06 |
| CN1495967A (zh) | 2004-05-12 |
| MXPA03007963A (es) | 2004-10-15 |
| DE60311549T2 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
| EP1396907A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 |
| US20040130489A1 (en) | 2004-07-08 |
| KR20040023521A (ko) | 2004-03-18 |
| FR2844399A1 (fr) | 2004-03-12 |
| ES2280709T3 (es) | 2007-09-16 |
| JP2004104792A (ja) | 2004-04-02 |
| DE60311549D1 (de) | 2007-03-22 |
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