Background technology
Skin is the natural cover for defense of human body, to keeping the stable of internal milieu and stoping the microorganism invasion to play an important role.If skin is subjected to large tracts of land damage, then can cause many parts even general problem, as metabolism aggravation, moisture and protein excessively scatter and disappear, immune system disorder etc., the serious entail dangers to life of going back.Rebuilding or recovering skin barrier function is the final goal of body surface trauma care, before reaching this target, the Wound dressing of a function admirable can temporarily play the partial function of skin, an environment that helps wound healing is provided, wait for the wound surface epithelization or carry out the transition to and rebuild permanent skin barrier [Xu Weishi, Le Jiafen. [M] repairs in burn wound. Wuhan: Hubei science tech publishing house, 2000].In general, the body surface wound is meant mechanical injury, burn, scald and the skin ulcer etc. of a variety of causes, and the performance of body surface wound is that the disease of skin is decreased.As everyone knows, in all wounds, people's body surface wound is occupied very big ratio, according to incompletely statistics, body surface wound case, China is annual about more than 1,500 ten thousand person-times, wherein, 3,000,000 person-times of mechanical injury, 1,200 ten thousand person-times of burn, scald and skin ulcers etc.The body surface wound has caused secular, many-sided misery to the patient, and the patient is in the low-quality life all the time.Research and development have significant curative effect and medical skill that has no side effect and medical material, are the problems that medical circle and material circle are paid close attention to always.
Number of research projects mainly concentrates on the development aspect of natural dermal substitute and artificial dermis both at home and abroad, and its representational product is artificial skin, collagen gel and medical collagen film etc.Yet, a large amount of experimentatioies and clinical and experimental study result show, material ubiquities such as existing artificial skin, collagen gel and medical collagen film the mechanics poor performance, mouldability is bad and can not infection etc. problems [Liu Dewu. modern dressing progress. Chinese clinical rehabilitation, 2002,6 (22): 3436~3437. in refined virtuous. application present situation and the progress of collagen in Graftskin. and Chinese leather, 2005,34:8~12.].
At present, commercialization is applied to clinical skin wound covering has: epidermal sheet, acellular dermal matrix, collagen sponge membrane, collagen gel film etc.1. epidermal sheet: this diaphragm (KC) shortcoming is to get patient's skin biopsy specimen, the time that needs 2-3 week, lack the corium composition, diaphragm poor frangible [O ' ConnerNE, Malliken JB, Bankaclilegcls, et al.Grafting of burns with cultured epitheliunt prepared fromautologous epidermal cells[J] .Lancet, 1981,1:75-78].2. acellular dermal matrix: its shortcoming is the antigenic substance that possible contain not Ex-all, and the danger of virus spread is arranged, and the material hole connectivity is poor.3. collagen sponge membrane: as Chinese patent 94118836.1 and 01134743.0, its shortcoming is not contain cell in the material to give birth to the sub-factor, and poor mechanical property, can not infection; Chinese patent 200510022581.X though directly added somatomedin in the material, does not introduce the microsphere sustained-release technology, and somatomedin easily loses biological activity.4. collagen gel: as Chinese patent 02117585.3 and 03130382.X, shortcoming is the production process complexity, and collagen gel can shrink about 80%, and opposing degraded by collagenase ability is subject to viral infection and immunological rejection, and fragility is big, the operation technique difficulty.
Summary of the invention
The present invention seeks to provides a kind of preparation method of organizing epigamic collagen matrix surface wound repairing membrane that has at the deficiencies in the prior art.Be characterized in collagen base repair membrane process physics and chemical modification, and introduce the repair membrane material of the gelatin-based sustained-release micro-spheres that contains cell growth factor, the aperture is 20~200 microns, porosity 〉=80%, hot strength 〉=1MPa, pH value is 5.0~6.0, and good degradability and biocompatibility are arranged.
Purpose of the present invention is realized that by following technical measures wherein said raw material umber is parts by weight except that specified otherwise.
Have and organize the preparation method of epigamic collagen matrix surface wound repairing membrane may further comprise the steps:
(1) extraction of collagen: with 1 part of animal skin or cartilage or tendon tissue, adopting concentration is 20~100 parts of 1~3% acetums, 0.01~0.05 part of pepsin, pH value of solution 2.0~3.0 is in 4~24 ℃ of temperature, extracted in the rotary drum 6~12 hours, centrifugalize is then saltoutd, purification, obtain medical collagen, lyophilizing is standby;
(2) preparation of gelatin-based sustained-release micro-spheres: Oleum Ricini, liquid paraffin or the olive oil that will contain surfactant 1~3wt% place there-necked flask to be preheated to 40~50 ℃ for 50~100 parts, stirring and dripping concentration down is 5~20 parts of 5~10% gelatin-based aqueous solutions, use ice bath instead after forming water-in-oil emulsion, continue to stir 10~20min, in emulsion, add 30~50 parts of acetone, stir 30~60min, adding concentration is 1~3 part of 1~5% glutaraldehyde, reaction 1~2h.The gelatin-based microsphere that obtains with acetone wash, isopropyl alcohol is washed, centrifugalize, air-dry, again the gelatine microsphere immersion is contained in 0.25~1% glutaraldehyde, in 4~24 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12~20h, centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere, steeps microsphere in the cell growth factor that contains 50~500ng/ml to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction at last with the washing of 10~50mM glycine, through lyophilizing, obtain the slow release gelatine microsphere;
(3) preparation of collagen basement membrane: with concentration is 40~70 parts of 0.5~2% collagens, 60~30 parts of additives place mould to adopt freeze-drying pore-creating film forming, are lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h;
(4) modification of film and microsphere is compound: the collagen basal lamina material that (3) are made placed 100~150 ℃ of vacuum heat of temperature 2~24 hours for 1~2 part, and is cross-linking modified in 50~100 parts of cross-linking agent solutions then, is respectively the Na of 0.1~1.0mol/L with concentration
2HPO
4(pH8.0~9.1), 1~2mol/L NaCl, 5~50mmol/L glycine, distilled water clean repeatedly, the sustained-release micro-spheres that (2) are made evenly is sprayed on the film after disperseing with phosphate buffer (PBS) more again, compound lyophilizing obtains collagen matrix surface wound repairing membrane;
(5) post processing: above-mentioned wound repairing membrane sterile packaged is carried out irradiation sterilization in packing bag for medical use, adopt cobalt-60, sterilizing dose 25~50kGy.
Wherein, surfactant is tween 80 or Arlacel-80.
In the gelatin-based aqueous solution of preparation microsphere, gelatin is 60~100 parts, 0~40 part of collagen, 0~40 part of chitosan.
Cell growth factor is at least a in basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), transforming growth factor (TGF-β 1), endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) (VEGF), the epithelical cell growth factor (EGF).
Additive is at least a in chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, hyaluronic acid, heparin, dermatan sulfate, heparin sulfate, polylactic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, the medical polyurethane.
Cross-linking agent is 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethyl amine propyl group)-carbodiimides, glutaraldehyde, dialdehyde starch, diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol, propanetriol-diglycidyl-ether, genipin, myrica extract, wattle extract, 1, any in the own diisocyanate of 6-.
Epigamic collagen matrix surface wound repairing membrane is organized in having that the employing method for preparing obtains.
Protocollagen matrix surface wound repairing membrane is applied to mechanical injury, burn, the scald of a variety of causes, skin ulcer, and beauty and shaping art and hemostasis.
The aperture of repair membrane material provided by the invention is 20~200 microns, porosity 〉=80%, hot strength 〉=1MPa, pH value 5.0~6.0.
The present invention has following advantage:
1. good degradability and biocompatibility.
2. the pore structure of film and active collagen composition have determined it can fully absorb wound fluid, can bring out adhesion, propagation, the differentiation of autogenous cell, and the growing into of blood vessel.
3. compound sustained-release micro-spheres can make cell growth factor effectively be discharged into wound for a long time, can obviously shorten wound healing time.
4. Yu He cambium and surrounding tissue good knitting have been avoided the generation of scar scar.
The specific embodiment
Below by implementing that the present invention is carried out concrete description; be necessary to be pointed out that at this present embodiment only is used for the present invention is further specified; can not be interpreted as limiting the scope of the invention, the person skilled in the art in this field can make some nonessential improvement and adjustment according to the content of foregoing invention.
Embodiment 1:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
The Oleum Ricini that will contain 1% tween 80 places there-necked flask for 50 parts, be preheated to 50 ℃, under agitation drip total concentration and be 5% gelatin: 5 parts of chitosan=9: 1 mixed solutions, stir 10min, use ice bath instead behind the formation water-in-oil emulsion, continue to stir 10min, in emulsion, add 30 parts of acetone, stir emulsion 30min, add 3 parts of 1% glutaraldehydes, pre-modification 1h.The gelatin-based microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry.Again gelatine microsphere is immersed and contain in 0.25% glutaraldehyde and the 1% tween 80 solution, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, the solution that contains 10mM glycine and 1% tween 80 is put in centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize is steeped microsphere in the fibroblast growth factor that contains 50ng/ml, and lyophilizing more at last obtains slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
With 1 part of animal skin or cartilage or tendon tissue, washing, homogenate, defat, adopting concentration is 50 parts of 3% acetic acid, 0.02 part of pepsin, pH value of solution 2.0~3.0 in 4 ℃ of temperature, extracted 8 hours centrifugalize then in the rotary drum, saltout, purification obtains medical collagen.Prepare collagen, chitosan, poly-vinyl alcohol solution then, three's weight ratio is 2: 2: 1, is mixed with collagen base blended liquid, in mould, adopt freeze-drying pore-creating film forming, be lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.In 0.25% glutaraldehyde solution cross-linking modified 24 hours, use 0.1mol/LNa then respectively
2HPO
4(pH9.1), 10mmol/L glycine, distilled water clean acquisition collagen basement membrane repeatedly.Again the sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made with PBS disperse the back evenly spraying be compound on the collagen basement membrane, last lyophilizing, sterile packaged in packing bag for medical use, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 25kGy.
Embodiment 2:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
The liquid paraffin that will contain 2% Arlacel-80 places there-necked flask for 80 parts, is preheated to 50 ℃, and stirring and dripping total concentration down is 8% gelatin: 8 parts of collagen=8: 2 mixed solutions, and stir and use ice bath instead after forming water in oil emulsion, continue to stir 10min.In emulsion, add 40 parts of acetone, stir emulsion 30min, add 2 parts of 3% glutaraldehydes, pre-modification 1h.The gelatin-based complex microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry, obtain uncrosslinked microsphere.Uncrosslinked gelatin-based complex microsphere immersion is contained in 0.5% glutaraldehyde and the 1% Arlacel-80 solution, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere is put into the solution that contains 20mM glycine and 1% Arlacel-80, in 14 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize is steeped microsphere in the transforming growth factor that contains 100ng/ml, and lyophilizing more at last promptly obtains slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
Press the method for embodiment 1 and extract collagen protein, or be raw material with commercially available collagen protein, with collagen, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, be mixed with collagen base blended liquid, three's weight ratio is 5: 5: 1, adopts freeze-drying pore-creating film forming in mould, is lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.Under 30 ℃ of temperature, be soaked in pH10.5 then, among the diglycidyl ether of ethylene glycol EX-810 of concentration 6%, crosslinked 24h.Then the film material is cleaned repeatedly with 10mmol/L glycine, distilled water, the sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made disperses the even spraying in back to be compound on the collagen basement membrane last lyophilizing, sterile packaged, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 30kGy with PBS again.
Embodiment 3:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
The olive oil that will contain 3% Arlacel-80 places there-necked flask for 100 parts, be preheated to 50 ℃, stirring and dripping total concentration down is 10% gelatin: collagen: 20 parts of chitosan=8: 1: 1 mixed solutions, and stir and use ice bath instead after forming water in oil emulsion, continue to stir 10min.In emulsion, add 50 parts of acetone, stir emulsion 30min, add 1 part of 5% glutaraldehyde, pre-modification 1h.The gelatin-based complex microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry, obtain uncrosslinked microsphere.Uncrosslinked gelatin-based complex microsphere immersion is contained in 1% glutaraldehyde and the 1% Arlacel-80 solution, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, the solution that contains 50mM glycine and 1% Arlacel-80 is put in centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere, in 24 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize is steeped microsphere in the endothelial cell growth factor (ECGF) that contains 500ng/ml, and last lyophilizing promptly gets slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
At 50 ℃ of acetate dissolution chitosans of using 0.5M down of temperature, add collagen, making the mixed liquor total concentration is 2%, collagen accounts for 40 parts of 60 parts, chitosan in the mixed solution, behind collagen and the chitosan mix homogeneously, adds concentration again and be 4 parts of 1% glutaraldehydes in blended liquid, lyophilizing film forming in mould, be lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.It is 110 ℃ of following vacuum heat 12 hours that the collagen basement membrane that makes is placed temperature, and the sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made disperses the even spraying in back to be compound on the collagen basement membrane last lyophilizing, sterile packaged, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 50kGy with PBS again.
Embodiment 4:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
The Oleum Ricini that will contain 1% Arlacel-80 places there-necked flask for 90 parts, be preheated to 50 ℃, stirring and dripping total concentration down is 10% gelatin: collagen: 10 parts of chitosan=7: 2: 1 mixed solutions, and stir and use ice bath instead after forming water in oil emulsion, continue to stir 10min.In emulsion, add 50 parts of acetone, stir emulsion 30min, add 2 parts of 2% glutaraldehydes, pre-modification 1h.The gelatin-based complex microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry, obtain uncrosslinked microsphere.Uncrosslinked gelatin-based complex microsphere immersion is contained in the solution of 0.5% glutaraldehyde and 1% Arlacel-80, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere is put into the solution that contains 30mM glycine and 1% Arlacel-80, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize is steeped microsphere in the epithelical cell growth factor that contains 200ng/ml, and last lyophilizing promptly gets slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
With 10 parts of preparations of 50 parts of collagens, 40 parts of chitosans, hyaluronic acid collagen base blended liquid, in mould, adopt freeze-drying pore-creating film forming, be lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.The collagen basement membrane that makes was placed 110 ℃ of following vacuum heat of temperature 12 hours, be soaked in pH5.5 then and contain 50mmol/L2-N-morpholino ethane sulfonic acid (MES), 30min in 50% ethanol, again it is immersed in 50% alcoholic solution that contains 50mmol/L MES, 33mmol/L 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide [EDC], 20mmol/L N-maloyl imines (NHS) crosslinked 24h under the room temperature.Then with film material 0.1mol/L Na
2HPO
4(pH9.1), 1mol/L NaCl, 2mol/L NaCl, distilled water clean repeatedly, again the sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made with PBS disperse the back evenly spraying be compound on the collagen basement membrane last lyophilizing, sterile packaged, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 40kGy.
Embodiment 5:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
Be 2% acetum 20ml dissolving gelatin, chitosan with concentration at normal temperatures, wherein gelatin is 9 parts, and 1 part of chitosan mixes the back and adds 20 microgram fibroblast growth factors.The gelatin-based mixed liquor that is compounded with somatomedin is added in the capryl alcohol (containing 2% Arlacel-80), stir 20min, form water in oil emulsion.Then, add 4% glutaraldehyde 1ml, the gelatin-based complex microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry.Again the gelatin-based complex microsphere is immersed and contain in 0.75% glutaraldehyde and the 1% Arlacel-80 solution, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, the solution that 50ml contains 20mM glycine and 1% Arlacel-80 is put in centrifugalize, thus obtained microsphere, in 24 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize, last lyophilizing promptly gets slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
At 50 ℃ of acetate dissolution chitosans of using 0.5M down of temperature, when 4 ℃ of temperature, add collagen, making the mixed liquor total concentration is 2%, collagen accounts for 50 parts in the mixed solution, 50 parts of chitosans adopt freeze-drying pore-creating film forming in mould, be lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.The collagen basal lamina material that makes placed 110 ℃ of following vacuum heat of temperature 12 hours, be soaked in pH5.5 then and contain 50mmol/LMES, 30min in 50% ethanol, again it is immersed in 50% alcoholic solution that contains 2% chondroitin sulfate, 50mmol/L MES, 33mmol/L EDC, 20mmol/LNHS crosslinked 24h under the room temperature.Then with film material 0.1mol/L Na
2HPO
4(pH9.1), 1mol/L NaCl, 2mol/L NaCl, distilled water clean repeatedly, again the sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made with PBS disperse the back evenly spraying be compound on the collagen basement membrane last lyophilizing, sterile packaged, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 35kGy.
Embodiment 6:
1. the preparation of sustained-release micro-spheres
With 8 parts in gelatin of 3% acetum 20ml dissolving, 2 parts of collagens, mix the back and add 30 microgram transforming growth factors at normal temperatures.The gelatin-based mixed liquor that is compounded with somatomedin is added in the capryl alcohol (containing 2% Arlacel-80), stir 20min, form water in oil emulsion.Then, add 5% glutaraldehyde 1ml, the gelatin-based complex microsphere that obtains is washed 2 times with acetone, and isopropyl alcohol is washed 2 times, and centrifugal (10000rmp, 15min, 4 ℃) are collected, and are air-dry.Again the immersion of gelatin-based complex microsphere is contained in the solution of 1% glutaraldehyde and 1% Arlacel-80, in 4 ℃ of temperature, stir process 12h, centrifugal, thus obtained microsphere is put into the solution that 50ml contains 10mM glycine and 1% Arlacel-80, in 24 ℃ of temperature, stir process 1h is to remove the glutaraldehyde that does not have reaction.Wash microsphere 2 times with distillation, centrifugalize, last lyophilizing promptly gets slow release gelatin-based microsphere.
2. the preparation of repair membrane
Collagen, chitosan, polyurethane are mixed with collagen base blended liquid, and three's weight ratio is 3: 2: 1, adopts freeze-drying pore-creating film forming in mould, is lyophilized into the membrane process condition: first section temperature-40 ℃, 1.5 ℃/min of rate of temperature fall, constant temperature time 5h; Second section temperature-30 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 3rd section temperature-20 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; The 4th section temperature-10 ℃, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 10h; 20 ℃ of the 5th section temperature, 1 ℃/min of heating rate, constant temperature time 5h.The collagen basement membrane that makes is placed 60 ℃ of following vacuum dry heat treatment of temperature 2 hours, improved temperature to 80 ℃ heat treatment afterwards 2 hours, improved temperature to 110 ℃ following vacuum dry heat treatment again 12 hours.The sustained-release micro-spheres that said method is made disperses the even spraying in back to be compound on the collagen basement membrane last lyophilizing, sterile packaged, cobalt-60 irradiation sterilization, sterilizing dose 40kGy with PBS.