Summary of the invention the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of its production cost and is used for the slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod that is suitable for large yellow croaker postlarva stage breeding that cost is all lower and quality of large yellow croaker that cultured is higher that large yellow croaker is cultured.
For achieving the above object, the present invention is suitable for feeding the large yellow croaker in postlarva stage, and promptly body weight is the large yellow croaker of 0.2 gram to 10 gram seedling stages, and it is a kind of mixture of being made by the processing method of expanded pellet feed by each component, and its component and content comprise:
Fish meal 50~63%
Flour 12~15%
Dregs of beans 7~13%
Corn protamine 1~5%
Fish oil 2~4%
Brewer's yeast 2~5%
Shrimp chaff 3~6%
Mineral matter 1~3%
Choline Chloride 0.3~1%
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%
All percentages are percetage by weight.
Wherein, fish meal mainly provides protein sources and energy.Because the large yellow croaker in postlarva stage is the highest to the requirement of crude protein, thus the content of the fish meal among the present invention relatively other in stage large yellow croaker content higher, be 50~63%, when its content greater than 63%, feed cost strengthens, and less than 50% o'clock, feed conversion rate reduced;
Flour mainly is to be beneficial to the raw mix swelling granular when being used for expanded granulation to be shaped and the tool good stable, when its content greater than 15% the time, feed is easily bubbled through the water column, be not easy to large yellow croaker and swallow, be shaped less than then swelling granular was difficult in 12% o'clock;
Dregs of beans, corn protamine mainly provide protein sources and energy, and its addition is subjected to cost impact, but feed conversion rate descends during too high levels, and the corn protamine is also more remarkable to the pigmentation of large yellow croaker body colour simultaneously;
Fish oil mainly provides energy, and plays the food calling effect, and add when excessive requirements such as technological requirement to product, feed storage all can increase when it, and adds when not enough, and functions such as the energy of feed, food calling all descend;
Brewer's yeast mainly provides protein sources, and peptic function, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when addition is too high;
The shrimp chaff mainly provides protein sources, and the good food calling effect of energy, unfavorable finished product granulating and forming when interpolation is excessive;
Mineral matter, Choline Chloride and seawater fish multidimensional etc. play the effect of extra-nutrition all as additive, and fish body trace elements necessary is provided, and promote the metabolism of fish body, and its addition is all not high.
Above-mentioned various raw material components all can be purchased on market.
For improving the service time of product of the present invention, can in material composition of the present invention, add mould inhibitor, its content is 0.05~0.15%.Mould inhibitor mainly plays the killing fungus effect, so its content must reach certain amount and just work, and excessively also can cause adverse effect to large yellow croaker but add.
For making product efficacy of the present invention better, can add calcium dihydrogen phosphate in addition in its raw material components, its content is 0.3%; Liver protectant, its content are 0.1%; Antioxidant, its content are 0.02%.Wherein, calcium dihydrogen phosphate is mainly used in additional calcium, P elements; Liver protectant is mainly used in protection large yellow croaker liver and gall, promotes digestion; Antioxidant is mainly used in and prevents raw material such as protein, fatty oxidized in the feed.Above-mentioned each raw material components is trace to be added.
Add man-hour, generally adopt bile acid as liver protectant, antioxidant then generally adopts ethoxyquinoline.
The present invention also can be added with the additive that is beneficial to pigment deposition in raw material components, make the cultured large yellow croaker body colour near natural effect, and this additive is sea-tangle, fish oil and corn protamine, and its addition is a sea-tangle 1%, fish oil 2%, corn protamine 1%.
Warp under the identical management mode condition, adopts the slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod of following each component and content to descend at most culture efficiency the best with respect to its feed cost of conventional feed in same plant:
Fish meal 60%;
Flour 13%;
Dregs of beans 7.78%;
Corn protamine 1%;
Fish oil 3%;
Brewer's yeast 5%;
Shrimp chaff 5%;
Mineral matter 2%;
Choline Chloride 0.5%;
Seawater fish multidimensional 0.2%;
Calcium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3%;
Liver protectant 0.1%;
Antioxidant 0.02%;
Sea-tangle powder 2%;
Mould inhibitor 0.1%.
The schistostoma of considering the postlarva large yellow croaker is less, and its feed should be fit to it to be swallowed, and therefore feed particle diameter of the present invention should be 1.2~5.0mm.
Below by concrete experiment compared with prior art, analyze its beneficial effect with the present invention:
Test one: utilize the present invention and conventional feed to carry out scheduling to last the large yellow croaker culture experiment of 45d, found that the present invention compares with conventional feed, have good stable and higher feed efficiency, can guarantee normally ingesting and growing of large yellow croaker, and can reduce the breeding feed cost, alleviate pollution, improve the uniformity of large yellow croaker growth water quality.
1, experimental condition:
The test net cage---cube shaped, 3m * 3m * 3m, totally 6 casees;
Water condition---water temperature, current, salinity are respectively: 14~25 ℃, 25~40cm/s, 16~33 ‰ in breed;
Test fish---seed size total length 5.0~7.0cm, body weight 5g;
Test feed---slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod of the present invention (its raw material components comprises fish meal, flour, dregs of beans, fish oil, mineral matter, vitamin, Choline Chloride etc.) and conventional feed, its nutritional labeling sees Table 1;
The nutritional labeling of table 1 test feed (%)
| Feed |
Thick protein |
Crude fat |
Methionine |
Lysine |
Moisture |
| Slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod |
47.5 |
7.8 |
1.5 |
2.4 |
8.7 |
| Conventional feed |
17.2 |
2.3 |
0.7 |
1.2 |
78 |
Test net cage number-6 case, the test net cage number of wherein throwing in slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod of the present invention are 3 mouthfuls of 1#~3# net cage, and the test net cage number that conventional feed is fed in contrast is 3 mouthfuls of 4#~6# net cage;
Time, specification, mantissa, weight that large yellow croaker is put in test net cage area and test in a suitable place to breed see Table 2.
2, process of the test:
Feedstuff feeding: the test fish behind the branch mailbox begins the test feed of throwing something and feeding after the transition of 7d is cultured.Feed divides early, throws something and feeds for late twice, and a day feeding rate is controlled at 4.0%~6.0%, and ingest time is controlled at about 30min.
Daily management: the situations such as feeding activity that observe and write down weather, culture water, water temperature, pH value and large yellow croaker every day, as the foundation of adjusting daily ration, feeding quantity, the generation of sterilization to ward off disease in good time.
3, check and accept:
End on May 15, in experimental period from 1 day to 2006 April in 2006, amounts to 45d.During off-test, FCL is tested fish caught and weigh.Result of the test sees Table 2.
Feed conversion rate=net gain/feeding volume * 100%
Each cage culture situation of table 2 cultivation base
| The net case number (CN) | Go into the net cage time (month-Ri) | Go into net cage specification (g/ tail) | Networking box number (tail) | Go into net cage weight (kg) | Net cage area (m
2)
| Feeding volume (kg) | Go out the net cage time (month-Ri) | Go out net cage weight (kg) | Net gain (kg) | Feed conversion rate (%) |
| 1# | 4.1 | 5.0 | 5000 | 25 | 9 | 234 | 5.15 | 250 | 225 | 96 |
| 2# | 5000 | 25 | 235 | 246 | 221 | 94 |
| 3# | 5000 | 25 | 236 | 256 | 231 | 98 |
| 4# | 5000 | 25 | 1032 | 252 | 227 | 22 |
| 5# | 5000 | 25 | 1062 | 248 | 223 | 21 |
| 6# | 5000 | 25 | 1132 | 240 | 215 | 19 |
4, analysis of experiments: through calculating, computing formula is as follows:
Daily gain rate (%)=((net gain ÷ starting weight)/(n-1)) * 100% (n=cultures fate);
Feed efficiency (the %)=total food ration of total augment weight ÷ * 100%;
Weightening finish cost=feed price ÷ feed efficiency.
The gaining effect and the feed efficiency of this test see Table 3.
Table 3 gaining effect and feed efficiency
| The net case number (CN) | Daily gain rate (%) | Average daily gain rate (%) | Feed average efficiency (%) | Feed price (unit/ton) | Weightening finish cost (unit/ton) |
| 1# | 20.5 | 20.5 | 96 | 8300 | 8646 |
| 2# | 20.1 |
| 3# | 21.0 |
| 4# | 20.6 | 20.2 | 20.7 | 1800 | 8696 |
| 5# | 20.3 |
| 6# | 19.5 |
By analysis, feed efficiency of the present invention is compared higher with conventional feed:
(1), slow falling expanded pellet feed in manufacture process, raw material is through modified, slaking, puffing process, starch is by gelatinization, destroys simultaneously and the cell membrane of softening fibre structure, makes feed nutrition more help digesting and assimilating, the raising feed efficiency;
(2), the fat content ratio conventional feed of slow falling expanded pellet feed exceeds 5.5%, played the effect of saving protein;
(3), after slow falling expanded pellet feed drops into water, be slow sinking, be easy to large yellow croaker and ingest, large yellow croaker need not to emerge and ingests, can be not frightened and cause ingesting undesired, meet the natural eating habit of large yellow croaker.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing):
Gaining effect: under this experimental condition, the test fish average daily gain rate of the expanded material of throwing something and feeding all is higher than the test fish average daily gain rate of the conventional feed of throwing something and feeding, and shows the normal growth of expanded material energy guarantee test fish;
Feed efficiency: under this experimental condition, the average feed efficiency of expanded material is higher than the average feed efficiency of conventional feed, shows that expanded material is easy to be tested fish digestion, absorbs and utilizes.
The situation of ingesting: the feed that large yellow croaker ingests changes expanded material into by conventional feed, needs a bit of transit time.This test through 5 days transition after, the large yellow croaker expanded material of can ingesting well, and the speed of ingesting is also very fast, ingesting in 20min~30min basically finishes, and illustrates that expanded material can adapt to the custom of ingesting of large yellow croaker.
Economic benefit: the throw something and feed weightening finish cost of expanded material of test fish is lower than the weightening finish cost of conventional feed, promptly cultures a ton large yellow croaker feed cost and descends.
Test two: by carry out the test in 1 year by a definite date in plant, obtained effect preferably, the present invention's 2006 annual value of production reach hundreds thousand of units, and customer responsiveness is good, reaches the result of use of expection.
1, experimental condition:
Test place---large yellow croaker cultivation base, green hill, Ningde, Fujian
Test feed---slow-settling swelling granular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod of the present invention cooperates the slow falling puffing granule compound feed of adult fish in slow-settling swelling ranular complex feed for large-yellow croaker scrod and the large yellow croaker.
Test period---2006 years
2, process of the test: feed the large yellow croaker that the used test feed in above-mentioned test site has carried out a year by a definite date.
3, check and accept: newly-increased large yellow croaker output reaches 4.5 tons, and the test large yellow croaker ingests in order, stablizes, and culture experiment water quality is good, large yellow croaker health, and the body colour golden yellow is cultured easy to use.
4, analysis of experiments: in 20,000 yuan/ton of qualified specification fish prices,
Ten thousand yuan of new output values=newly-increased large yellow croaker output * fish price=4.5 * 2=9.
Culture the ton cost and need 1.6 ten thousand/ton approximately, it is 4,000 yuan/ton that ton is cultured profit.
The new profit=ton is cultured ten thousand yuan of profit * newly-increased large yellow croaker output=0.4 * 4.5=1.8.
5, conclusion (of pressure testing): use the present invention to be used for large yellow croaker and culture, compare with traditional conventional feed material, the new profit has reduced the pollution to water environment simultaneously effectively effectively, can obtain favorable social and economic benefits.
In sum, the present invention has the following advantages:
Compare with conventional feed:
1, comprehensive nutrition, product are rich in various essential amino acids, trace element, special-purpose minerals and vitamins etc., satisfy the demand of each different growth phases of large yellow croaker to various nutritional labelings, the feed conversion rate height.
2, digestive utilization ratio height: average feed efficiency of the present invention is higher than the average feed efficiency of conventional feed, and it is easier to be digested, absorb and utilize.
3, aquaculture cost is low: use the feed cost of cultured large yellow croaker of the present invention to be about 8646 yuan/ton, and use the breeding feed cost of conventional feed to be about 8696 yuan/ton, culture ton large yellow croaker feed cost and can descend 50 yuan.
4, few to the breeding water body pollution: compare with conventional feed, expanded pellet diet nutrient in water body does not run off, and is few to the pollution of breeding water body, protects water resource effectively, promotes culture fishery health to develop sustainably.
5, raw material source is extensive: under the pressure that be becoming tight stock of fish day in the world at present, have the external competitiveness that wide raw material source will strengthen enterprise.
6, the user is easy to use: after conventional feed will being worn into the fish slurry before conventional feed is used, just can throw something and feed, workload causes nutrition leak and water pollution greatly and easily.And expanded pellet feed only needs feed poured in the feed frame and gets final product, and promptly makes things convenient for to be easy to grasp daily ration, feeding quantity again.
Compare with existing large yellow croaker expanded pellet feed:
1, feed conversion rate height: the present invention has further improved the proteopepsis rate of feedstuff, the ANFs of having degraded to greatest extent, and fully satisfy large yellow croaker to demands such as essential amino acid, unrighted acid and trace elements.
2, green non-pollution: it is natural that the large yellow croaker of this product of ingesting has body colour, and fish body health, medication are few, and characteristics such as it is fast to grow can have been brought higher economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits for this enterprise and raiser.