CN101036366A - 从第一至第二个体的授权内容传输和基于个体社交网络的认证个体的方法 - Google Patents

从第一至第二个体的授权内容传输和基于个体社交网络的认证个体的方法 Download PDF

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CN101036366A
CN101036366A CNA2005800306552A CN200580030655A CN101036366A CN 101036366 A CN101036366 A CN 101036366A CN A2005800306552 A CNA2005800306552 A CN A2005800306552A CN 200580030655 A CN200580030655 A CN 200580030655A CN 101036366 A CN101036366 A CN 101036366A
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克里斯托弗·伦特
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Abstract

使用一个体的社交网络来授权信息流流到所述个体(660)和认证所述个体以访问特定信息或服务。如果所述信息的来源是所述个体的社交网络的沿一不横穿所述个体的一灰名单上的任一者的路径连接到所述个体的一成员(650)，那么授权信息流流到所述个体。如果所述个体的社交网络的一成员已具有对所述个体的访问权且沿一不横穿所述个体的一灰名单上的任一者的路径连接到所述个体，或如果所述个体的社交网络的沿一不横穿所述个体的一灰名单上的任一者的路径连接到所述个体的成员具有大于一最小值的一平均认证定额，那么认证所述个体访问特定信息或服务。

Description

从第一至第二个体的授权内容传输和基于个体社交网络的认证个体的方法
技术领域
本发明一般来说涉及授权活动和认证个体，且更具体地说，涉及基于个体的社交网络来授权流到所述个体的信息流和认证所述个体访问信息或服务的方法。
背景技术
因特网的主要优点之一在于能容易地将信息传送到很多人。然而，某些用户一直在滥用这个优点，在因特网上向个体发送不良的电子邮件邀约(被称为SPAM)。SPAM问题已变得如此普遍而使得某些州已通过禁止SPAM的法规。
另外，因特网的开放本质已使得因特网上的内容和服务提供者着手对谁可访问其内容或服务进行控制。所述控制有时为过于限制性的，且用于准许访问的程序趋向于过度麻烦，不利于可能已受益于所述内容或服务的用户和可能已受益于由这些用户产生的收入的提供者。
发明内容
本发明提供一种授权将内容传输到个体的方法，其作为一种滤出个体可能感到讨厌的不良通信(例如SPAM)或内容的方式，且提供一种认证个体访问内容或服务的方法，其使得所述内容或服务可由较多用户得到，且同时限制所述内容或服务的潜在滥用用户的访问。具体地说，服务提供者检查个体的社交网络和已被确定为不可信任的人员的黑名单，以确定是否授权将内容传输到所述个体或认证所述个体访问信息或服务。
在本发明的第一实施例中，结合电子邮件通信服务来执行授权。当试图与一个体进行电子邮件通信时，搜索所述个体的社交网络来寻找发送者与所述个体之间的路径。如果所述路径存在且所述路径不横穿未授权节点，那么授权所述电子邮件通信。如果不存在此类路径，那么禁止所述电子邮件通信。
在本发明的第二实施例中，结合搜索来执行授权。当一个体输入搜索查询时，搜索引擎检索相关搜索结果以供传递到所述个体。传递到所述个体的搜索结果不包括由那些未在所述个体的社交网络中通过授权节点连接到所述个体的人员寄送的内容。
在本发明的第三实施例中，服务提供者是第三方内容提供者。当一个体请求访问由此实体提供的内容时，所述实体检查其用户群，以确定其用户中的是否有任一者与此个体有关。如果存在关系且所述个体与有关用户通过授权节点而连接，那么允许所述个体访问。如果不是，那么拒绝所述个体访问。
在本发明的第四实施例中，服务提供者是出借者。当一个体申请借贷时，出借者检查所述个体的社交网络的通过授权节点连接到所述个体的成员的信用定额。如果这些成员的平均信用定额至少为最小信用得分，那么出借者继续处理所述借贷申请。否则，拒绝所述借贷申请。
附图说明
为了能详细了解以上叙述的本发明特征，可参考实施例来对上文简要概述的本发明作出更具体的描述，在附图中说明所述实施例中的某些实施例。然而，应注意到，附图仅说明本发明的典型实施例，且因此不被认为是限制本发明的范围，因为本发明可允许其它同样有效的实施例。
图1是说明社交网络中成员之间的关系的图。
图2是说明用于将关系信息从社交网络提供到现存数据库的系统的方框图。
图3是具有树形格式的图1的社交网络的表示。
图4是本发明中所使用的样本黑名单。
图5是本发明中所使用的样本灰名单。
图6是说明授权将内容传输到个体所进行的步骤的流程图。
图7是说明认证个体进行联机访问所进行的步骤的流程图。
图8是本发明中所使用的样本白名单。
图9是说明认证个体访问借贷所进行的步骤的流程图。
具体实施方式
社交网络一般由个体群组之间的关系来界定，且可包括从偶然相识到亲密的家族联结的关系。可使用图形结构来表示社交网络。图形的每个节点对应于社交网络的一成员。连接两个节点的边表示两个个体之间的关系。另外，任何两个节点之间的分离等级可被定义为从一个节点到另一节点横穿所述图形所需的最小跃距(hop)数目。两个成员之间的分离等级是所述两个成员之间的关联性测量。
图1说明以给定个体(ME)为中心的社交网络的图形表示。此社交网络的其它成员包括A到U，按照ME与每个其它成员之间的分离等级来指出A到U的位置(相对于ME的位置)。ME的朋友(包括A、B和C)与ME分离一个分离等级(1d/s)。ME的朋友的朋友与ME分离2d/s。如图所示，D、E、F和G每一者与ME分离2d/s。ME的朋友的朋友的朋友与ME分离3d/s。图1描绘在属于类ALL且与ME分离3个以上分离等级的所有节点。
关于一个体来定义社交网络中的分离等级。举例来说，在ME的社交网络中，H与ME分离2d/s，而在G的社交网络中，H与G仅分离1d/s。因此，每个个体将具有他们自己的第一、第二和第三等级关系组。
如所属领域的技术人员了解，一个体的社交网络可经延伸以包括第N个分离等级的节点。然而，随着等级数目增加超过三，节点数目通常以爆炸性速率增加且快速开始反映出所述ALL组。
图2是说明用于建立并管理联机社交网络的系统的方框图。如图所示，图2说明系统100，所述系统100包括应用服务器200和图形服务器300。系统100的计算机由网络400(例如因特网)连接且可通过网络由复数个计算机(统一标示为500)访问。所述应用服务器200管理成员数据库210、关系数据库220和搜索数据库230。
成员数据库210含有由系统100管理的联机社交网络中的每个成员的概况信息。所述概况信息可尤其包括：唯一成员标识符、姓名、年龄、性别、地址、家乡、对图像文件的偏好、兴趣列表、属性等。所述概况信息还包括VISIBILITY(可见性)和CONTACTABILITY(可联系性)设置，所述设置的使用在2004年5月26日申请的共同拥有、共同待决的申请案“System and Method for Managing Information Flow BetweenMembers of an Online Social Network”(代理人案号为FRIE/0002)中描述，所述申请案的内容以引用方式并入本文中。关系数据库220存储定义成员之间的第一等级关系的信息。关系数据库220存储与成员之间的第一等级关系有关的信息。另外，为成员数据库210的内容编索引并进行优化以供搜索，并将其存储在搜索数据库230中。成员数据库210、关系数据库220和搜索数据库230经更新以反映通过计算机500所进行的新成员信息的输入和现有成员信息的编辑。
应用服务器200还管理其从远端计算机500接收得到的信息交换请求。图形服务器300从应用服务器200接收查询，处理所述查询，并将查询结果返回给应用服务器200。图形服务器300为成员数据库210中的所有成员管理社交网络的表示。图形服务器300和有关组件在2004年5月26日申请的共同拥有、共同待决的申请案“System and Methodfor Managing an Online Social Network”(代理人案号为FRIE/0003)中详细描述，所述申请案的内容以引用方式并入本文中。
图形服务器300存储由所有成员(节点)和其相应关系(边)界定的社交网络的图形表示。图形服务器300响应来自应用服务器200的请求，以标识联机社交网络的成员之间的关系和分离等级。应用服务器200经进一步配置以处理来自第三方应用程序610的请求，以提供保存在第三方数据库620中的用户记录的社交网络信息(例如，个体之间的关系)。第三方应用程序610通过应用程序设计接口(API)600向应用服务器200作出请求。在2004年6月14日申请的共同拥有、共同待决的申请案“Method of SharingSocial Network Information with Existing User Databases”(代理人案号为FRIE/0004)中详细描述与第三方共享保存在系统100中的社交网络信息的方法。
图3是具有树形格式的图1的社交网络的表示，其在顶端以成员B开始且展示连接到B的所有成员。成员P到U未在图3中展示，因为在图1的社交网络中其未连接到B。两次展示G和H，因为每一者通过两个不同路径而连接到B。C′、E′和G′每一者总体上分别表示由成员C、E和G保存的联系列表中所标识的个体。这些个体通常不是图1的社交网络的成员。其它成员也保存联系列表，但为简单起见，假定只有C、E和G在其联系列表中存储数据。联系列表信息包括姓名、地址、电话号码、电子邮件地址和存储在联系管理软件(例如Outlook和ACT！)中的类似类型的信息。
将由以下四个实例来说明本发明：(1)授权个体以与社交网络的成员通信(通过电子邮件、即时消息发送、文本消息发送、语音邮件和其它类似方式)；(2)授权将由个体提供的内容传输到社交网络的成员以供检视；(3)认证社交网络的成员访问联机内容；和(4)认证社交网络的成员访问借贷。在这些实施例的每一者中，关于是否授权流到B的信息流(实例1和2)或认证B访问信息或服务(实例3和4)的决策将基于黑名单和B的社交网络。
相对于一成员来定义授权流到所述成员的信息流(实例1和2)中或认证所述成员访问借贷(实例4)中所使用的黑名单。在此处给出的实例中，针对一成员保存单个黑名单。然而，可针对不同类型的活动来独立地定义黑名单。举例来说，授权到达B的电子邮件通信中所使用的黑名单可不同于授权将由个体提供的内容传输到B以供检视中所使用的黑名单。
相对于一成员而定义的黑名单通常由所述成员来更新。举例来说，如果B从D和L接收到不良的通信(例如，SPAM)或在浏览社交网络中其它成员的概况同时遇到D的内容和L的内容(B感到讨厌的)，那么B将D和L添加到其黑名单。此黑名单在图4中展示。
相对于寻求访问的每一者来全局定义认证一成员访问联机内容或服务(实例3)中所使用的黑名单，但针对每个不同联机内容/服务提供者来独立保存所述黑名单。举例来说，认证成员访问提供者ABC提供的信息或服务中所使用的黑名单不同于认证成员访问由提供者XYZ提供的信息或服务中所使用的黑名单。此类型的黑名单通常由所述信息或服务的提供者更新。举例来说，如果图4中所使用的黑名单是ABC的黑名单，那么这会表示ABC先前已确定D和L滥用由ABC提供的联机访问并将D和L添加到其黑名单。
从正被进行授权和认证的成员的黑名单和社交网络中导出灰名单。在实例1、2和4中，从成员B的黑名单和B的社交网络中导出灰名单。在实例3中，从成员B正寻求访问的内容或服务的提供者的黑名单和B的社交网络导出灰名单。灰名单仅包括B的社交网络的某些成员，所有所述成员与B的社交网络的在黑名单上的任何成员分离一个等级。从图4的黑名单和图1的社交网络中导出的灰名单会包括C、I、J、F和M且在图5中展示。
或者，灰名单可限于B的社交网络的所有具有以下特征的成员：(i)与B的社交网络的在黑名单上的任何成员分离一个等级；和(ii)包括在黑名单成员与正被执行授权和认证的成员之间的路径中。以此方式导出的灰名单会包括成员C和F，但不包括成员I、J和M。
一成员的灰名单中所标识的个体成为关于所述成员的非横穿节点。关于一成员的“非横穿节点”是一不能通过其连接到所述成员的节点。举例来说，参考图3并使用图5的灰名单，不能达成从B到E的连接，因为从B到E的路径横穿C，C在灰名单上且是非横穿节点。另一方面，可达成从B到C的连接，因为从B到C的路径在C处结束且不“横穿”C。
图6是一流程图，其说明授权从A到B的电子邮件通信或授权将A的内容传输到B(例如，结合响应于B的搜索查询的搜索结果的传递)中所实施的步骤。在步骤610中，检索针对B保存且用于授权与B进行的电子邮件通信的黑名单。在步骤620中，搜索黑名单来寻找A。如果A在黑名单中被标识，那么禁止信息流流到B(步骤670)。否则，从黑名单和B的社交网络中导出灰名单(步骤630)。在步骤640中，对B的社交网络进行幅度第一搜索(或者，深度第一搜索)，以查找从B到A的路径。视情况，幅度第一搜索可限制于在最大分离等级值内的成员，所述最大分离等级值由成员(表示所述成员不希望接收来自相距太远的其它成员的通信或查看由相距太远的其它成员寄送的内容)或由社交网络的操作者(作为节约计算资源的方式)来指定。如果存在不穿过非横穿节点(即，灰名单中的个体)的任何从B到A的路径，那么授权信息流流到B(步骤660)。否则，禁止信息流流到B(步骤670)。
在上文给出的实例中，提供电子邮件通信服务和搜索引擎服务且进行授权的一方是B的社交网络的操作者。本发明可应用于其中提供电子邮件通信服务和搜索引擎服务且进行授权的一方是能访问含有B的黑名单和关于B的社交网络的信息的数据库的第三方的情形。在此情况下，所述第三方将根据2004年6月14日申请的申请案“Method ofSharing Social Network Information with Existing User Databases”中所描述的方法从此数据库中检索B的黑名单和B的社交网络的图形表示。所述第三方以相同方式实施上述其它步骤(步骤620到670)。
同样，如果不是B的社交网络的成员的人员在不在灰名单中被标识的成员的联系名单中被标识且沿着一不穿过非横穿节点的路径连接到B，那么可允许所述人员与B通信。举例来说，参考图3，G′将能将电子邮件发送到B，因为G′在G的联系名单中被标识而G灰名单中未被标识，且将G连接到B的节点中没有一个是非横穿节点。相反地，C′将不能将电子邮件发送到B，因为C在灰名单中被标识；且E′将不能将电子邮件发送到B，因为从E到B的唯一路径通过非横穿节点(C)。
在替代实施例中，可实时或脱机(作为批处理)产生标识B的社交网络的被授权将内容传输到B的所有成员的白名单，且每当试图将内容传输到B时，对白名单进行搜索。以此方式产生的白名单包括：B的社交网络的沿一路径连接到B的所有成员，所述路径不横穿在B的灰名单中被标识的成员；和电子邮件地址，其存储于在白名单中被标识而灰名单中未被标识的成员的联系列表中。可通过将白名单限制于在相距B的最大分离等级内的那些成员来进一步使白名单缩减，其中可由B或社交网络的操作者来指定最大分离等级。
图7是说明认证B访问由第三方提供的联机服务所进行的步骤的流程图。在步骤710中，服务提供者从B接收访问请求。所述请求包括B的特定标识信息，例如B的电子邮件地址。在步骤720，根据某种方法，此服务提供者向社交网络数据库发出请求以得到B的社交网络的图形表示并接收B的社交网络的图形表示，所述方法在2004年6月14日申请的申请案“Method of Sharing Social Network Information with Existing UserDatabases”(代理人案号为FRIE/0004)中描述。在步骤730中，检索由此服务提供者保存的黑名单。在步骤740中，从黑名单和B的社交网络中导出灰名单。在步骤750中，对B的社交网络进行幅度第一搜索(或者，深度第一搜索)，以产生白名单。B的社交网络的沿一路径连接到B的所有成员被包括在此白名单上，所述路径不横穿任何未授权节点(即，灰名单中被标识的个体)。图8展示白名单，其在图5所示的灰名单对应于在步骤740中导出的灰名单时从图3所示的B的社交网络中产生。如果白名单中所标识的任何个体在此服务提供者的用户数据库中(步骤760)，那么认证B的联机访问(步骤770)。否则，拒绝B的联机访问(步骤780)。
图9是说明认证B访问借贷所进行的步骤的流程图。在步骤910中，出借者从B处接收针对借贷的请求。所述请求包括B的特定标识信息，例如B的电子邮件地址。在步骤920中，根据某种方法，此出借者向社交网络数据库发出请求以得到B的社交网络的图形表示并接收B的社交网络的图形表示，所述方法在2004年6月14日申请的申请案“Method of Sharing Social Network Information with Existing User Databases”(代理人案号为FRIE/0004)中描述。在步骤930中，以与步骤920相同的方式来请求针对B而保存的黑名单并从社交网络数据库处接收所述黑名单。在步骤940中，从黑名单和B的社交网络中导出灰名单。在步骤950中，对B的社交网络进行幅度第一搜索(或者，深度第一搜索)，以产生白名单。B的社交网络的沿一路径连接到B的所有成员被包括在此白名单上，所述路径不横穿任何未授权节点(即，灰名单中被标识的个体)。视情况，出借者可指定最大分离等级值(例如Nmax)。如果已指定，那么白名单将只包括B的社交网络的那些在相距B的Nmax分离等级内的成员。在步骤960中，检索白名单中的个体信用定额且基于所述个体与B之间的分离等级而将权重因数施加到所述信用定额。举例来说，可将权重因数1/10N施加到信用定额，其中N是个体与B之间的分离等级。如果平均信用定额大于最小得分，那么认证B且允许继续处理B的借贷申请(步骤970和980)。如果不大于最小得分，那么不认证B且拒绝B的借贷申请(步骤970和990)。
白名单、黑名单和灰名单的以上实例存储成员标识符(例如A、B、C等)，以标识社交网络的成员。这些名单中可存储其它标识信息(例如电子邮件地址)。在所述名单标识在社交网络之外的人员的情况下，存储电子邮件地址来代替成员标识符。举例来说，可将SPAM电子邮件地址(不对应于社交网络内任一电子邮件地址)添加到一成员的黑名单。将按照图6步骤620中的决策块禁止任何将来的从此电子邮件地址发送电子邮件的试图。同样，如果添加到所述成员的黑名单的SPAM电子邮件地址对应于在由社交网络中一人员保存的联系列表中存储的电子邮件地址，那么从此黑名单中导出的灰名单将包括对应于某人员的成员标识符，所述人员在其联系名单中具有列入黑名单的电子邮件地址。
尽管上文已说明并描述根据本发明的特定实施例，但所属领域的技术人员了解到本发明可采用属于所附权利要求书范围内的各种形式和实施例。

Claims (20)

1.一种基于一第二个体的社交网络而授权将与一第一个体有关的内容传输到所述第二个体的方法，其包含以下步骤：
针对所述第二个体保存一第一组记录；
基于所述第一组和所述第二个体的社交网络产生一第二组记录；和
如果所述第一个体与所述第二个体在所述第二个体的社交网络中沿一不横穿所述第二组中所标识的任一个体的路径连接，那么授权将内容传输到所述第二个体。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述授权步骤包括如下步骤：确定所述第一个体与所述第二个体之间的一分离等级；和如果所述分离等级小于或等于一预定数目，那么授权所述内容传输。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一组包括若干个体的标识信息，第一组包含的所述个体的内容未被授权传输到所述第二个体，且所述第二组包括若干个体的标识信息，第二组包含的所述个体与所述第一组中的任一个体分离一个等级。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述标识信息是一电子邮件地址。
5.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其进一步包含基于所述第二个体的一输入来更新所述第一组的步骤。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述内容包括一电子邮件通信。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其中所述授权步骤包括下述步骤：产生一组包括若干个体的标识信息的授权记录，所述个体在所述第二个体的社交网络中沿着一未横穿所述第二组中所标识的任一个体的路径连接到所述第二个体；及如果所述第一个体在所述组授权记录中被标识，那么授权所述内容传输。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其进一步包含处理所述第二个体的一搜索请求以产生一响应于所述搜索请求的搜索结果的步骤，其中如果所述内容的传输被授权，那么所述搜索结果包括所述内容，且如果所述内容的传输未被授权，那么所述搜索请求不包括所述内容。
9.一种基于一用户批准名单、一用户黑名单和一个体的社交网络来认证所述个体的方法，其包含以下步骤：
接收所述个体的输入，所述输入包括所述个体的标识信息；
基于所述黑名单和所述个体的社交网络产生一灰名单；和
如果所述个体沿一未横穿所述灰名单中所标识的任一者的路径连接到一在所述批准名单上且在所述个体的社交网络中的用户，那么认证所述个体。
10.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述认证步骤包括如下步骤：确定所述个体与在所述批准名单上且在所述个体的社交网络中的所述用户之间的一分离等级；和如果所述分离等级小于或等于一预定数目，那么认证所述个体。
11.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述用户黑名单包括所述用户的标识信息，且所述灰名单包括所述个体的社交网络的若干成员的标识信息，所述成员与所述黑名单上的是所述个体的社交网络的成员的那些用户分离一个等级。
12.根据权利要求11所述的方法，其中所述标识信息是一电子邮件地址。
13.根据权利要求9所述的方法，其进一步包含在因特网上请求并接收所述个体的社交网络的一表示的步骤。
14.一种基于一个体的社交网络来认证所述个体的方法，其包含以下步骤：
检索针对所述个体保存的一第一组记录；
基于所述第一组和所述个体的社交网络产生一第二组记录；
标识在所述个体的社交网络内沿一未横穿所述第二组中所标识的任一个体的路径连接到所述个体的若干个体；和
基于所述被标识的个体的认证定额认证所述个体。
15.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述认证定额是一信用定额。
16.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中基于在距所述个体的一预定分离等级内的所述被标识的个体的认证定额认证所述个体。
17.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其中所述第一组包括所述个体的社交网络中的个体的标识信息，且所述第二组包括与所述第一组中任一个体分离一个等级的个体的标识信息。
18.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中基于所述被标识的个体的一平均认证定额认证所述个体。
19.根据权利要求17所述的方法，其中基于所述被标识的个体与所述个体之间的一分离等级调整所述被标识的个体中每一者的所述认证定额。
20.根据权利要求14所述的方法，其进一步包含在因特网上请求并接收所述个体的社交网络的一表示的步骤。
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