CN101636582A - Thermal energy storage systems using compressed air energy and/or chilled water from desalination processes - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a versatile system for generating cost-effective energy, in particular for cooling purposes. In one embodiment, a wind turbine is used to generate electricity and compressed air energy, wherein the compressed air energy is used to generate electricity and cold air together. This chilled air is then used to chill water in a mixing chamber or desalination system, where chilled water is stored in a separation tank, where it may be later used to provide cooling to the facility's air conditioning system. When desalination is used, the system produces chilled fresh drinking water that can be used for air conditioning, and then as fresh drinking water. Any discharged cold air can be directly used for air conditioning.

Description

Use compressed air energy and/or from the thermal energy storage system of the chilled water of desalination processes

Background technique

In many areas of the U.S., the air conditioning demand is sizable, and is special during the some months in summer.In some states, for example southern Florida and Texas and other state, these demands all are sizable in the most of the time in 1 year.Not only high outdoor temperature influences room temperature when using big window, and to offset greenhouse effect the demand of increase is in fact arranged for cooling usually, and it is indoor that greenhouse effect can cause heat to be captured on.In the warm zone of weather, needs to air conditioning can cause quite a few energy consumption to be dedicated to the air conditioning needs, promptly, air conditioning becomes key factor and/or occupies the significant percentage of whole energy consumptions, therefore, make family or office keep nice and cool cost may become heavy burden.

Keep nice and cool another relevant problem to be with making building: energy requirement peaks usually by day, and this has improved the energy rate in these periods again.That is to say that the air conditioning demand is the highest by day usually, be that the sun is shining and outdoor temperature the highest the time daytime.Also be most professional ongoing the time at that time, make them tend to raise the energy rate in those periods.Peak period, interior charge was more to offset higher demand by day in a lot of utility companies.Especially true during summer the hottest some months.During the some months in winter, when demand for heat during greater than cooling requirement, association between the two so not strong.During the some months in winter, common daytime is warmer than night, and therefore, the overall energy requirement on daytime is usually not as their height when summer.Yet cost of energy reaches the highest in the highest demand in the period, and the cost of keeping comfort temperature in family or the office may be shockingly high.

Because these problems, the past has attempted exploitation and has realized cost-effective system, and these systems use alternative energy source to reduce interior total energy cost of high demand period.For example, developed solar energy system and be used for to the family and office extra heating is provided.Yet because the character of itself, the energy that derives from the sun can not under normal circumstances be used to cool off purpose efficiently.Though solar energy can be converted into electricity, and this electricity can be used for providing power to air-conditioning system subsequently, and the cost that conversion solar can generate electricity may highly get surprising.

The system in past has also used other the natural alternative energy source such as wind to generate electricity, and this electricity can be used for heating and cooling then.Yet, use the difficulty of wind to be that wind can not always blow when needed and scrape.For example, wind may be unpredictable and uncertain, and its apoplexy may not blown with enough power and rule in the highest period at energy requirement and be scraped.In fact, in many cases, wind may blow more suddenly and more lasting at night, and as mentioned above, may be maximum by day to the demand of energy.

In order to solve these predicaments, attempted storing the energy that produces by wind, make and use when it can need most it afterwards.The trial in past comprises uses the about 10 little wind turbine generators to 50kW power, and this wind turbine generator uses battery to come stored energy with when remedying the wind-force deficiency at excessive wind-force in the period.Also have some schemes, these conceptual designs become the form of wind energy with compressed air energy is stored in the cavern, and it uses aftercombustion to improve and improves electric power output.Although store these trials of the energy that is produced by wind some advantages are arranged, they also have certain shortcoming, make them be difficult to use or efficient low.

Current use and one type air-conditioning system that successfully reduced cost of energy relatively is thermal energy storage system (TES).In this system, water is frozen in the low relatively period at tariffs on electricity usually, and this chilled water is stored in the big holding vessel then, make chilled water afterwards (that is, when tariffs on electricity is high relatively) be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system.This system (for example at night) when energy rate is low relatively carries out freezing to water, and subsequently it is stored in the water temperature delamination jar, and when needing most it (that is, by day in peak period), it can be used in to relevant facility cooling is provided after making.This makes that this facility can (promptly at night) consumption be from the electric energy of utility network in the period of low-yield relatively cost, and (being daytime) is used to cool off this facility in the period of relative high-energy cost then, wherein can reduce the total energy cost.

Yet a shortcoming of these systems is directly to buy energy from utility company, though it can be bought with lower rate in off-peak period.Owing to these reasons, need a kind of improved method and system that cooling is provided to air-conditioning system that can be used in, this method and system moves in peak period by day, and can further reduce end user's cost and total energy usage.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a kind of improved cooling means and system that can reduce end user's cost of energy, comprise the air-conditioning system and/or the compressed air energy-storing electricity system that move in combination with the thermal energy storage system of being suitable for.

In one embodiment, air-conditioning system preferably is suitable for moving in combination with the compressed air energy-storing electricity system, this compressed air energy-storing electricity optimum system choosing has compressor and compressed air storage tank, can be in the period of an elongated segment energy of storing compressed air form.In this embodiment, the energy of Driven Compressor is preferred but nonessentially produced by wind.Can on strategy, arrange and change one or more wind turbines, make them can produce wind energy efficiently and on the basis that continues, produce the energy that is used for compressor.Wind turbine can be provided with the generator that can generate electricity, and wherein should can be used immediately by facility, user or the electrical network of any association by electricity.But this system make wind energy can wind time spent (for example at night) or wind continue to blow scrape any and produce At All Other Times, and be stored subsequently for later use.

This preferred systems preferably has turbo-expander, to discharge compressed air energy at reasonable time, make that the energy that is produced can be used by following form when pressurized air discharges: 1) produce by generator in conjunction with the operation of compressed air energy system; Or 2) cool air that when discharging pressurized air, produces as by product.The energy of two kinds of forms produces on the preferred basis that together produces, and makes one or another kind of in the energy that all can utilize these two kinds of forms at any given time efficiently or two kinds.In this respect, think the compressed air energy-storing electricity system with low relatively, promptly near about 30% efficient generating.On the other hand, by simultaneously producing electricity and cool air together, and cool air is used for secondary purpose, the efficient of described system can be brought up to much higher efficient, promptly reach about more than 60%, and this is desirable.

In this embodiment, the cool air that produces when discharging pressurized air can be used for other cooling purpose, for example is used for air conditioning, refrigeration and/or desalination, as will be discussed.(it can more suitably time) be deferred to the moment in the time of will using this chilled water when in addition, this embodiment of described system preferably can be from storing frozen water.For example, in this embodiment's a variant, energy can store with compressed-air actuated form, make it to be used afterwards, promptly when the needs energy and/or the time use when more convenient.In second variant, because being compressed, pressurized air at first stores, thus not storing compressed air energy at first, but can discharge compressed air energy immediately.Under any situation, the expanded air that produces when discharging pressurized air not only can be used for generating, and can be used in the generation cool air, and this cool air can be used for producing chilled water.Chilled water can be stored in separation (thermal stratification) jar then, and in separating (thermal stratification) jar, energy can store with chilled water rather than compressed-air actuated form.In the 3rd variant,, can change described system to realize both according to the demand of described system, promptly, some compressed air energies can store for later use, and some compressed air energies can use immediately and at first not store it, thereby produce the chilled water that can be stored in subsequently in the knockout drum.

One of secondary purpose that can be used for from the cool air of turbo-expander is to use desalination system to purify waste water.

Desalination system of the present invention preferably is suitable for removing from seawater or from the non-purified water (hereinafter being referred to as " seawater ") of brackish water or other form salt and other impurity.In the present embodiment, desalination system preferably includes crystallisation chamber, and this crystallisation chamber can be used for removing salt and other impurity, can produce in this crystallisation chamber and purify waste water.Preferably, desalination system preferably is ejected into seawater in the crystallisation chamber with the form of mist or spraying, and preferably will be incorporated into from the cool air of turbo-expander in the described chamber, thereby described mist or spraying are exposed in the terribly cold air.This causes the seawater droplet cold excessively, far below-6 Fahrenheits, and quick freezing, thereby for example formed icy grain at the top of crystallisation chamber.When these ice pellets were fallen on the bottom of crystallisation chamber, this system can reach the approximately temperature of equilibrium of-6 Fahrenheits.The freezing of seawater makes floaty pure water ice pellets can be formed in the bottom of crystallisation chamber, thereby salt and other impurity are stayed in the relatively large salt solution of density.

(1) arranges stratiform attached to the viscosity salt solution around each ice pellets by gravity and (2) by in crystallisation chamber, adding fresh water, the liquid salt solution of high density is separated with low density fresh water ice pellets.Fresh water freezes and salt solution is discharged in the gravity flow; The water of these addings of freezing in batch reclaims afterwards so that reuse.The parameter that is used for adding water is identical with those parameters of using at conventional column scrubber, except these water successively are sprayed onto on the ice body when droplet is fallen the bottom.

Cross icy grain and salt solution and produce the mixture of temperature for about-6 Fahrenheits together, wherein low density fresh water ice pellets swims in and concentrates in the salt solution.Most of liquid brine is removed by draining.Any residual liquid brine on the ice pellets all can further be removed in the conventional column scrubber.

Therefore, desalination system has the device that is used to make ice pellets and salt water separation, to guarantee removing any residual salt or other impurity from ice pellets.When ice pellets melts, only stay pure water.These ice pellets (be cooled to slightly and be warmer than-6 Fahrenheits to guarantee solid ice phase and liquid brine formation mutually) preferably are assigned in little the maintenance jar or other container, and mix with other fresh water (by the water of described system purification, this water can be under the room temperature for example) and allow this ice pellets to melt subsequently.Mix with other water by crossing icy grain, described system can produce perishing domestic fresh water, promptly is in or near setting temperature.For example, for the thermal energy storage system, as will be discussed, final temperature is preferably approximately+40 Fahrenheit for the input that enters knockout drum, though for other purpose, if necessary, this water can be approximately+and 32 Fahrenheits are to+60 Fahrenheits or higher.

The frozen fresh water that is produced by desalination system can be assigned to the thermal energy storage system then, this frozen fresh water can be stored in this thermal energy storage system and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system at reasonable time then, this air-conditioning system can be used for cooling infrastructure then, as will be discussed.This last aspect, preferred embodiment preferably includes separates or the layering jar, can distribute and be stored in this separation or the layering jar from the freezing pure water of crystallisation chamber.By knockout drum is set, the bottom that the coldest water will be stayed jar, and the top that warm relatively water will be stayed jar make the coldest water can extract out from the bottom and be used by air-conditioning system, promptly when to the demand of air conditioning when higher.By making the water in the knockout drum keep static relatively, cold water and warm water will be kept layering, and wherein the coldest water can obtain in the bottom subsequently and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system.For example, the warm relatively water that is positioned at the top also can be used as potable water, or is used for the column scrubber of desalination system.

Described air-conditioning system preferably has pipe and/or coil pipe, can come line transportation by this pipe and/or coil pipe from the chilled water of knockout drum.Like this, chilled water can pass the pipe that is arranged in the center air conditioning chamber and/or the inside of coil pipe, makes that the air in described indoor circulation can cool off by heat exchange.That is to say, when air passes and crosses cryovial and/or coil pipe, warm relatively air around cold relatively pipe and/or coil pipe will turn cold, and can for example be assigned to whole facility to provide cool air to described facility or other user by ventilation system subsequently.The cool air from turbo-expander of discharging from crystallisation chamber also can be used for directly providing cool air to described facility.Chilled water also can with the form of chilled water, for example by the heat-insulated pipe network allocation to other contiguous facility, wherein can expand this system to provide other cooling capacity near other facility.Because described optimum system choosing uses fresh water from desalination system as refrigerant, goes back so this water preferably distributes from air-conditioning system subsequently, so that be assigned as domestic fresh water, be used for described facility or be used for any other purpose.

Though conventional TES makes not add water or remove water in this system from system that usually with the closed-loop fashion operation described desalination system is not this situation.For example, in conventional TES, so that air turns cold, wherein after cold water passed heat exchanger coil, Nuan water turned back to the top of layering jar to the bottom cycle of cold water along a direction from the layering jar relatively to the HVAC system at a distance that is positioned at.This system also can be recycled to warm relatively water and be positioned at HVAC system at a distance to add warm air along opposite reverse top from the layering jar, wherein after warm water had passed heat exchanger coil, cold relatively water turned back to the bottom of layering jar.

Yet, in this desalination embodiment, in crystallisation chamber (and column scrubber), producing freezing domestic fresh water, this freezing domestic fresh water can add knockout drum to subsequently, thereby does not wish that described system moves with closed-loop fashion.But, wish that fresh water is removed and turns back to described facility, makes this fresh water can be used as domestic fresh water after it passes air-conditioning system.Therefore, sensor and logical circuit that knockout drum remains full of be need guarantee, the system of any extra refrigeration water or the system that when knockout drum is full of, closes automatically for example stored respectively.

In this embodiment, below be described system need two inputs: the 1) wind energy of capturing by wind turbine; With 2) be used for the seawater of desalination system.Except instant electricity output from wind turbine generator, below be may exporting of can on the basis of time-delay, providing, make them to be used when needing most them: 1) pressurized air that is discharged by turbo-expander produces; 2) cool air that produces of the pressurized air that discharges by turbo-expander; 3) in crystallisation chamber, be used to purify purifying waste water of purpose by what use that the cool air that discharged by turbo-expander produces; 4) be stored in the frozen fresh water that produces by desalination system in the knockout drum; 5) by making frozen fresh water pass pipe the air-conditioning system and/or coil pipe and the cool air that can produce from knockout drum; With 6) contain the regenerant of the salt solution of salt and other impurity, mineral etc.In addition, when turbo-expander discharged cool air (it starts between-120 Fahrenheits and-175 Fahrenheits), this system produced cold exhaust and is used for desalination, and this causes temperature is the cool air of about-6 Fahrenheits.This optimum system choosing use in two different storing devices one or both with the use of energy from energy can with the moment be deferred to the moment that needs energy, comprising: 1) compressed air energy-storing electricity system, the energy that it can the storing compressed air form; And/or 2) separate (water temperature delamination) jar, it can be with the form stored energy of chilled water.By only using above-mentioned two kinds of inputs and two kinds of storage mediums, by providing above-mentioned two kinds of outputs on the basis of time-delay, the preferred embodiment can obviously improve the total efficiency of this system.

Use fresh water and/or do not need to replace above-mentioned crystallisation chamber in the alternate embodiment of seawater desalination, can use the mixing chamber and the knockout drum that are used to keep fresh water or other liquid.In this case, preferably be assigned in the mixing chamber, wherein preferably be provided for cool air is incorporated into device in the mixing chamber from the cool air of turbo-expander.For example, this can realize by spraying into and make these bubbles to enter mixing chamber from below as micro-bubble cool air.Water in the mixing chamber or liquid is circulation and freezing by this cool air therefore.Chilled water in the mixing chamber or liquid can be assigned in the knockout drum subsequently, and this chilled water or liquid can be stored in this knockout drum and be used by air-conditioning system afterwards, as mentioned above.

In this case, knockout drum preferably has the upper and lower, wherein can be incorporated into the bottom of this jar from the chilled water of mixing chamber.Like this, when the needs chilled water provides when cooling to air-conditioning system, chilled water can be extracted out from the bottom of knockout drum and be assigned to air regulator subsequently, this air regulator can be used for making air cooling then.By making the water in the knockout drum keep static relatively, and make water keep flowing into relatively lentamente and flow out described jar, the bottom that chilled water will be stayed jar, and the top that warm relatively water will be stayed jar.

Preferably, in the present embodiment, this system forms closed loop, and the top of knockout drum has upper inlet and upper outlet, and the bottom has lower inlet and outlet down.Like this, can be assigned to the bottom of knockout drum and be stored subsequently by lower inlet from the chilled water of mixing chamber.Then, when needs, can be by release from the bottom of the knockout drum chilled water of self-separation jar of following outlet, to provide cooling to air-conditioning system.Then, after chilled water has passed air-conditioning system and heat exchange, can loop back the top of knockout drum by upper inlet from the warm relatively water of air-conditioning system, water can be stored in the knockout drum again.At last,, can loop back mixing chamber by upper outlet, make that it can be by freezing to begin described circulation once more again from the warm relatively water on knockout drum top at reasonable time.

When the place that comprises heat exchanger coil need be heated, can be conversely from the circulation that knockout drum begins, feasible warm water from the knockout drum top is sent to heat exchanger coil to heat this coil pipe and HVAC air.Cool air through heat exchanger coil will make the water-cooled that turns back to the knockout drum bottom freeze.When cold water and hot water separating surface reached the top of knockout drum, this process was interrupted.When the cold water from mixing chamber is added to the bottom of knockout drum, must take out the warm water of equivalent from the top of knockout drum, to adapt to the fixed volume of knockout drum.The knockout drum volume is configured to suitable size, and making has enough chilled waters to satisfy the cool air regulatory demand by day.

In this embodiment, need following input: the 1) wind energy of capturing by wind turbine; With 2) from the water or the liquid in any source.Except the instant electricity output that produces by wind turbine generator, below be may exporting of can on the basis of time-delay, providing, make them to be used when needing most them: 1) pressurized air that is discharged by turbo-expander produces; 2) cool air that produces of the pressurized air that discharges by turbo-expander; 3) chilled water or the liquid that produce of the cool air that discharges by turbo-expander, this chilled water or liquid produce by making cool air pass mixing chamber, and wherein chilled water or liquid are stored in the bottom of knockout drum; With 4) cool air at described facility place, it can produce by pipe and/or the coil pipe that chilled water or liquid are passed the air-conditioning system from the bottom of knockout drum.In addition, when start from cool air between-120 Fahrenheits and-175 Fahrenheits be used for the water of mixing chamber or liquid freezing to approximately+during 40 Fahrenheits, this system produces cold exhaust.Preferred embodiment as described, this embodiment preferably use in two different storing devices one or both with the use of energy from energy can with the moment be deferred to the moment that needs energy, comprise: 1) compressed air energy-storing electricity jar, the energy that it can the storing compressed air form of energy; And/or 2) knockout drum, it can be with the form stored energy of chilled water.By only using above-mentioned two kinds of inputs and two kinds of storage mediums, by providing above-mentioned two kinds of outputs on the basis of time-delay, the preferred embodiment can obviously improve the total efficiency of this system.

In another embodiment, producing the required energy of compressed air energy can be provided by the device except that wind turbine.For example, except using wind turbine, or the unpredictable and uncertain wind energy of use possibility, these systems are for example in off-peak period, promptly can use energy from electrical network by day, comprise geothermal power and nuclear energy, in this case, can obtain used energy with Driven Compressor with lower energy rate.For example, at night, can be used for air compression in the compressed air energy-storing electricity system from the energy of electrical network, pressurized air can be stored in the compressed air energy-storing electricity system, at reasonable time, pressurized air can be discharged to produce electricity and/or cool air by turbo-expander then.As previously mentioned, cool air can be used for freezing and/or water is carried out desalination, makes chilled water also may be stored in the knockout drum, can make this chilled water be used for air-conditioning system later on then.Owing to when rate is low relatively, can store energy from electrical network, and this energy can use afterwards, so, when demand and rate are high, use this energy, present embodiment can reduce the overall cost of using energy then by when demand and rate are low, buying energy.

For their ideal performance, the electrical network of combustion driven, geothermal power and nuclear power source are preferably moved continuously with stable output.Unfortunately, the power demand at night reduces.Therefore, energy storage technology particularly suitable described herein.

In other embodiments, be not to use the compressed air energy-storing electricity system, described system can produce the chilled water that will be stored in the knockout drum by using conventional water freeze desalination system, and this water freeze desalination system produces low temperature to freeze seawater and to produce freezing purifying waste water.Like this, the low discharge temperature that produces as the result who uses conventional desalination system to purify waste water will can not be wasted, but can be used in water-cooled is frozen, and this chilled water can be stored in the knockout drum subsequently and afterwards the demand of air conditioning be used when big.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the schematic representation that universal component embodiment of the present invention is shown.

Fig. 1 a is a schematic representation, this general-purpose system is shown how is used for producing and is used for the instant electricity that uses, and night produce power to store energy in the compressed air energy system.

Fig. 2 is a schematic representation, and the secondary compressor parts and the desalting chamber of general-purpose system is shown.

Fig. 2 a is a schematic representation, the compressed air energy that is produced by energy source is shown how can be used for producing cool air rather than at first storing this compressed air energy.

Fig. 2 b is with secondary compressor with 2c and is used to make cool air to keep the relevant data sheet of heat exchanger of cooling.

Fig. 2 d is the chart that different turbo-expander exhausts is shown with 2e.

Fig. 3 illustrates the schematic representation of wind turbine.Though this illustrates the motor 4 and the compressor 10 of the bottom that is positioned at tower, but the present invention considers to exist the method for two kinds of these compressors of driving: first, generator can be arranged in the nacelle of wind turbine, wherein can be transferred under the tower with drive motor this motor then Driven Compressor again from the electricity of this generator.The second, train of gearings can be set in nacelle, wherein the mechanical rotation energy of wind turbine can be transferred under the tower, and is used for direct Driven Compressor, and needn't at first rotating energy be converted into.First method is preferred using method.Second method provides transmission more efficiently, but needs suitable structure stability to consider.

Fig. 4 illustrates the schematic representation of the mixing chamber that is connected to knockout drum.

Fig. 5 illustrates the schematic representation of the knockout drum that is connected to air-conditioning system.

Fig. 6 a illustrates the schematic representation of the desalination system with crystallisation chamber, and this crystallisation chamber uses cool air to freeze as mist or the spray injection seawater particulate in this chamber.

Fig. 6 b is the schematic representation of the desalination system shown in Fig. 6 a, and the bottom how ice pellets accumulates in this chamber is shown, and wherein the porous basket is used for removing ice.

Fig. 6 c is the schematic representation of the desalination system shown in Fig. 6 a, illustrates how can to remove ice pellets from described chamber, and how to use the column scrubber that keeps in the jar that ice pellets is melted.

Fig. 6 d is the schematic representation of the desalination system shown in Fig. 6 a, illustrates how can to remove ice pellets from described chamber, and how to use the localized heat air that ice pellets is melted, and wherein the porous basket is used for removing ice.

Fig. 7 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to produce maximum power.

Fig. 8 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant cooling.

Fig. 9 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to generate electricity and supervenes and is used for cooling off immediately and the cool air of the cooling that is used to delay time.

Figure 10 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for desalination, cools off and delay time and cool off immediately.

Figure 11 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 when holding vessel is full of is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant cooling and time-delay cooling.

Figure 12 is the schematic representation that the universal component embodiment of Fig. 1 when holding vessel is full of is shown, and wherein wind-force is used to generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for desalination, cools off and delay time and cool off immediately.

Embodiment

1. system unit:

Fig. 1 is the schematic representation that the general embodiment of all parts of all situations that comprises in the individual system 1 and feature is shown.In general, system 1 comprises: energy source 3; Primary compressor 10; Compressed air energy-storing electricity jar 5; Be used to discharge compressed-air actuated turbo-expander 7; Turbogenerator 14 is used to use the pressurized air generating; Desalination system 9 is used to use the cool air that is produced by turbo-expander to produce cold fresh water; Mixing chamber 11 is used to use cool air to produce chilled water; Thermal energy storage unit 13, it has and is used for the knockout drum of storing frozen water; With air-conditioning system 15, it uses chilled water to produce the cool air that is used to cool off.Secondary compressor 34, other heat exchanger etc. also can be arranged here.

The main system parts are formed by following:

Energy source

The compressed air energy-storing electricity system

The turbocompressor of no storage device and decompressor

Mixing chamber

Desalination system

The thermal energy storage system

Air-conditioning system

A. energy source:

Can coupling system 1 energy source 3 that uses can be the means of any routine, for example from standard power, geothermal power 3c, the nuclear energy 3d etc. of electrical network 3b, but in a preferred embodiment, this energy source is the wind-force 3a that is produced by as shown in Figure 3 one or more wind turbines 19.

Can use conventional wind turbine 19, wherein each wind turbine station preferably includes tower 21, and horizontal axis wind turbine is positioned on this tower 21.Tower 21 is preferably erect so that wind turbine 19 is positioned at predetermined altitude, and each wind turbine preferred alignment wind.Wind turbine 19 can be installed in the top of tower 21, and blade or fan 23 are around running shaft 18 location of horizontal orientation.Gear-box and generator can be positioned at the nacelle 16 of wind turbine 19, and the mechanical rotation power of feasible axle 18 can directly drive generator and produce electric energy.By generator directly being positioned on the axle 18, machine power can be converted into electric power efficiently by gear-box.Then, electric energy can be transferred to tower 21 times by the electric wire that can be connected to other circuit or cable and be assigned to system 1, to provide energy to be used for using immediately or to be used for storing.In Fig. 3, motor 4 is depicted as the bottom that is positioned at tower 21 being used for Driven Compressor 10, but any structure at the place, bottom that is positioned at tower 21 can be provided, and comprises link and/or switch with circuit 25.

The wind turbine 19 preferred generators that are positioned at nacelle 16 that use are converted to electric energy with rotating machinery power.Aspect of wind turbine system, described electric energy can be used for generating to be used immediately for related facility, user or electrical network.In this respect, circuit as shown in Figure 1 or cable 25 preferably are connected to the generator of wind turbine, make from the electric energy of wind turbine 19 can be when needing most it, promptly when demand is high when, used immediately, as a supplement by the means of electrical network generation and the electric energy that provides.This electricity can be used for electric filtering (it can be integrated with transmission line and adjacent networks), and is used for the finishing of peak value electric power and/or provides emergency power under the situation of needs.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 1, described electric energy can be used for drive motor 4, this motor 4 can drive primary compressor 10 to produce compressed air energy, this compressed air energy transfers can be stored in again in the compressed air storage tank 5, and this compressed air storage tank 5 is parts of compressed air energy-storing electricity system 6 (" CAES system ").CAES system 6 can store wind energy with the form of compressed air energy, makes at reasonable time, and this energy can be discharged and needed it afterwards and/or use more easily the time by turbo-expander 7.

Preferably, provide logical circuit 8, how and when these logical circuit 8 controls will be electricity and/or pressurized air from the wind energy transformation of wind turbine 19, and this will depend on the usability of the needs and the wind of user and system.For example, by day, when needing electricity and wind to blow when scraping immediately with enough power and rule, system 1 can be switched to make most of or all wind energies all be converted to electricity and be used for instant use, in this case, electricity is transferred to user facility to replenish from the electric power of electrical network and to reduce its cost along circuit 25.On the other hand, when less needing instant electric power, for example at night, make it is not all also to have most of wind energy to be used for motor 4 even system 1 can be switched to, this motor 4 drives primary compressor 10, this primary compressor 10 then again with wind energy as compressed air energy-storing electricity in holding vessel 5, this energy can be used afterwards.And, no matter when producing the excessive power except the energy that is used immediately, this excessive power all can be stored, and this has further improved the efficient of system.Other control feature and the selection of logic-based circuit 8 are discussed below in conjunction with the other feature of system.

In a variant of present embodiment, can in conjunction with logical circuit 8 use switches with the electricity guiding that produces by the generator in the wind turbine 19 for using immediately or be used for storing, or not only be used for instant use but also be used for storage.For example, when needing energy immediately, the electricity that is produced by generator can be assigned to circuit 25, and in this case, it can be used by the facility of any connection, user or electrical network.On the other hand, when wanting stored energy, described electric energy enough is assigned to motor 4, and this motor 4 preferably is suitable for driving primary compressor 10.By this way, electricity can be between using immediately and storing, be diverted to suitable purposes at reasonable time simply with the suitable ratio or the amount of sharing.For example, the electricity of half can be shared and is that instant use, the electricity of half are used for storing.

In another variant, a kind of machine power detachment means can be provided, this machine power detachment means allows mechanically be used for the instant power that uses and be used for sharing between the energy stored wind-force.In this variant, first gear-box is preferably placed in the nacelle 16 of wind turbine 19, and this first gear-box can be delivered to the pivotal axis that extends under the tower 21 with rotatablely moving of horizontal drive shaft 18.Preferably there is second gear-box in base portion place at tower 21, and this second gear box designs becomes rotatablely moving of pivotal axis is delivered to another horizontal axis that rest on the ground, and this another horizontal axis is connected to such as the compressor of primary compressor 10 and is connected to generator.

For this variant, the machine power detachment means preferably includes splitter, this splitter is used to split down the mechanical rotation power of horizontal axis, make an amount of wind-force can be transferred to the downstream transducer of hope, that is, can adjustedly, transmission of power be used for energy storage so that being used for using immediately and/or sending to compressor to generator.

In the downstream of mechanical splitter, preferably be provided with the mechanical connection of generator on the one hand, preferably be provided with mechanical connection on the other hand such as the compressor of compressor 10 or 34 (via " B " indicated route).As shown in Figure 1, it also can be connected to turbocompressor 31 via " C " indicated route, or is connected to pneumatic equipment via route " D ".

When mechanical splitter switches to generator fully, be directly delivered to this generator by the axle that has gear from the mechanical rotation power that descends horizontal axis.This makes generator machine power directly and efficiently can be converted to electric energy, and is used for transmitting to be used for the instant electric power that uses such as road 25 along the line.

On the other hand, when mechanical splitter switches to compressor fully, be directly delivered to compressor, thereby make compressed air energy can be stored in the high-pressure storage tanks 5 or be used for secondary objective from the following mechanical rotation power of horizontal axis.Like this, can be delivered under the tower, and the compressor at base portion place that can be by being positioned at tower directly is converted to compressed air energy, and needn't at first mechanical energy be converted to from the mechanical rotation power of the wind turbine on the top of tower 21 19.

Be suitable at the power that is exclusively used in instant use and be used for splitting between the power of energy storage mechanokinetic machine power splitter preferably including a plurality of gears and clutch, make mechanical energy can be directly delivered to any in transducer and the splitter fully, they are moved simultaneously.This makes and can distributed between instant use and energy storage on adjustable basis and share by the mechanokinetic amount of wind turbine station supply.That is to say, what the amount of the power of the enegrgy converter that is assigned to every type is depended on engaged other actuation gears and which enegrgy converter the actuation gear of each joint is connected to, those actuation gears that for example are connected to generator are used for the instant energy that uses with generation, and those actuation gears that are connected to compressor are used for energy stored with generation.Can see based on foregoing,, can regulate and share the degree that energy is dedicated to instant use and energy storage by clutch and the gear of regulating this machine power detachment means.

By using the clutch on the machine power splitter, can regulate the power of wind turbine station in the different time with the different ratios of supply between instant use and energy storage.According to power demand and wind-force usability history, can consider, for irrespectively providing the power of q.s to the user with insecure and uncertain wind mode, different ratios may be necessary, is especially keeping on the continuous and continual basis of energy requirement under the constant situation.Yet though the Mechanical Drive Type of just having described has advantage, current common practice is engine arrangement to be come the motor of Driven Compressor in the nacelle of wind turbine, and this instant application for available commercial hardware is acceptable.

B. compressed air energy-storing electricity system:

In the present embodiment, system 1 preferably includes compressed air energy-storing electricity system 6, the turbogenerator 14 that this compressed air energy-storing electricity system has motor 4, primary compressor 10, holding vessel 5, control valve 12, turbo-expander 7 and is used to generate electricity.In Fig. 1, " A " specifies electric energy to be transferred to motor 4 is used for being stored in the compressed air energy of CAES system 6 with generation route from energy source 3.The motor 4 preferred primary compressors 10 that drive are to compress the air that is stored in subsequently in the holding vessel 5.Yet in mechanical splitter embodiment, the preferred compressor that has the running shaft that is connected to wind turbine 19 makes mechanical energy can directly be converted to the compressed air energy in the jar 5.

Compressed air energy can preferably store the time of an elongated segment in jar 5, up to this energy of needs.Then, at reasonable time, no matter when need this compressed air energy, control valve 12 can both be used for pressurized air is discharged into turbo-expander 7.At this moment, if necessary, the used heat that is produced by primary compressor 10 can be recycled to turbo-expander 7 to reduce and to offset the influence of the ultralow temperature on the turbo-expander 7.

A kind of output that is produced by this system 1 is the form of electricity, and this electricity can directly be produced or be produced by turbogenerator 14 when pressurized air discharges with the generation high velocity air from jar 5 by turbo-expander 7 by the generator on the wind turbine 19.Another kind is output as the form of cool air, and it produces as by product when pressurized air discharges by turbo-expander 7 from jar 5.This pressurized air also can directly use, and for example provides power to pneumatic tool, sees " D " among Fig. 1, and pressurized air can discharge before arriving turbo-expander 7 in this case.Under any circumstance, CAES system 6 all preferably is suitable for producing simultaneously a kind of, two kinds, three kinds or more kinds of output, promptly pressurized air can be used in: 1) use turbogenerator 14 generatings; 2) use turbo-expander 7 or 33 (seeing " C " among Fig. 1) to produce cool air; And/or 3) produce high velocity air to drive pneumatic equipment (seeing " D " among Fig. 1).In any given time, determined by the needs of system, can use a kind of, two kinds, three kinds or more kinds of output.

The energy storage of native system partly preferably includes the device that is used to store and utilize above-mentioned compressed air energy.Its example is shown in Fig. 1 a, Fig. 1 a illustrate system 1 how can wind-force can with but energy requirement may be low relatively the operation at night, wherein can be stored in jars 5 from the excessive power of wind turbine 19.It also illustrates how to utilize other energy source (comprising electrical network 3b, geothermal power 3c and nuclear energy 3d) (for example at night) acquisition power in the lower cost tariff period, and wherein energy can be stored in the jar 5 and in the higher cost tariff period afterwards and use.

In this respect, high-pressure storage tanks 5 preferably is provided with and is designed to bear may be by compressor 10 applied pressures, and by adiabatic with the steady temperature in keeping jar.Jars 5 also can be the form that is used to keep pipeline or other container of forced air.Term " jar " will be used to comprise pipeline and other pressurized air storage medium.Jar 5 also is preferably placed near compressor 10 and the turbo-expander 7, makes pressurized air can be transported to jar 5 and also is recycled to turbo-expander 7 subsequently, and do not have the tangible pressure loss.Though the present invention considers to use jar of various sizes, native system considers that preferably the size of jar should be based on the size of needs, facility or the demand of system, the cost of system etc., as provides the energy of capacity to be used to store necessary.

The present invention's consideration can be used discharging air and pressurized air is converted to any conventional equipment of electric energy.In a preferred embodiment, one or more turbo-expanders 7 are used for discharging pressurized air to produce high velocity air from holding vessel 5, and this high velocity air can be used for providing power to produce electric energy to turbogenerator 14.Then, this electricity can be used for replenishing by wind turbine generator and/or by the direct electric energy of supplying of electrical network, as mentioned above when needed.Turbo-expander 7 preferably is supplied to alternator with energy, and this alternator is connected to AC to the DC transducer, this transducer back be DC to the AC inverter, this inverter back is the regulator that makes impedance and subscriber's line circuit coupling.This a succession of device guarantees that the variable frequency input produces required constant frequency output.

Alternatively, can be provided for producing and provide one or more devices of heat to promote the generating of turbogenerator 14 to CAES system 6.The present invention considers to use at least three kinds of dissimilar heating systems as the device to the heat supply of described system, comprising: 1) solar thermal collector is used to be used to the energy from the sun; 2) waste heat collector is used for the used heat that compressor (for example 10,34 or 31) produces is recycled to the circuit of turbo-expander 7 fronts; With 3) such as the independent heating unit of chemical fuel burner, be used for hot drawing-in system.The present invention also considers to use other standard method to the pressurized air heat supply.In this system, because wish when cool air is used to cool off purpose as by product, to produce cool air, so only just use used heat and other heating equipment usually by turbogenerator 14 generatings the time and when needing seldom or not need cool air or cool air to be used to cool off purpose.

The present invention preferably utilizes the cool air that is produced by turbo-expander 7 to be used for other secondary purpose, and this has improved the efficient of system.For example, except being used to produce discarded cool air the purpose of chilled water, as will be described, remaining cool air can be used for providing direct cooling to air regulator, and/or reboots compressor so that compressor keeps cooling off or being used for other refrigeration purpose by pipeline.

Logical circuit 8 preferably includes control system, with the operation of control holding vessel 5, compressor 10, turbo-expander 7, generator 14, heating unit, refrigeration part etc.The horizontal dimension that this control system is preferably designed to the pressurized air stream that can enter and leave holding vessel 5 by the adjusting compressed air energy that jar 5 is interior is held in proper level.Described control gear also is used for control and operation heat exchanger, and this heat exchanger is used to help to control the temperature of the air that passes through turbo-expander 33.Described control gear determines will use which heat exchanger at any given time, and they should have much effects.This control system preferably has the microprocessor of pre-programmed, makes this system to move automatically.

C. the turbocompressor and the decompressor that do not have storage device.

Fig. 2 and 2a illustrate not the at first embodiment's 30 of storing compressed air compressor 31 and the details of turbo-expander 33.Conjunctive path in Fig. 1 " B " and " C " have schematically shown this subtense angle, wherein the energy from wind turbine 19 or any other energy source 3 can use motor 32, secondary compressor 34 and turbocompressor 31 to be used for air is compressed via route " B ", and/or only use 31 pairs of turbocompressor to carry out air compression via route " C ", wherein can use turbo-expander 33 to discharge pressurized air and stored energy at first.Motor 32 can directly be driven via route " A " by the electricity that energy source 3 produces, and is for example when compressed air cylinder 5 is full of, perhaps At All Other Times any, for example in jar 5 not during storing compressed air.If necessary, pressurized air also can be produced also by energy source 3 and directly be sent to " C ", shown in Fig. 2 a.Other compressed air energy from jar 5 also can be used to help Driven Compressor 31 and turbo-expander 33 via route " C ", as shown in Figure 1.

As shown in Figure 2, motor 32 preferably is arranged to can be by any power that provides in the above-mentioned energy source 3, and wherein motor 32 preferably is used for driving secondary compressor 34.Preferably, from heat exchanger 35 coolings that the delivery air of the pressurization of secondary compressor 34 is extended along circuit 36, wherein the air from compressor 34 passes to turbocompressor 31 subsequently.Turbocompressor 31 preferred with turbo-expander 33 total axles 39, make one of driving also will drive another, and described system can reach steady operational status, as will be discussed.

Second heat exchanger, 37 preferred roads 38 along the line are arranged between turbocompressor 31 and the turbo-expander 33, make that its passes through this second heat exchanger 37 when turbocompressor 31 advances to turbo-expander 33 when pressurized air, thereby this air is cooled off once more.Like this, it is colder relatively to enter the air of turbo-expander 33.If necessary, can between second heat exchanger 37 and turbo-expander 33, little knock out drum be set.

Because turbocompressor 31 and turbo-expander 22 are driven by same axle 39, will turn round another so turn round one, this helps to reduce the overall cost that drives described mechanism.In fact, because motor 32 can carry out initial compression to produce pressure in described system to air, and forced air is directed in the compressor 31 and is directed into turbo-expander 33 subsequently, can be used in initial Driven Compressor 31 so drive the power of turbo-expander 33, thereby do not need to use other energy to drive arbitrary mechanism.

For example, when from the initial forced air of secondary compressor 34 when turbocompressor 31 passes to turbo-expander 33, turbo-expander 33 begins rotation, this then cause turbocompressor 31 rotations on the common shaft 39 again.Then, along with the rotational speed of turbocompressor 31 increases, its further pressurization from secondary compressor 34 to turbo-expander the air 33, cause turbo-expander 33 further to quicken.Then, use quickens to have the turbo-expander 33 of common shaft 39 from the energy of secondary compressor 34 and the circulation of turbocompressor 31 systems can finally reach steady state, and wherein the air-flow by secondary compressor 34, turbocompressor 31 and turbo-expander 33 is complementary.The rotating power of striding turbocompressor 31 and turbo-expander 33 also can be complementary.The pressurized air that is produced by energy source 3 also can directly be fed to turbocompressor 31, thereby realizes the effect identical with use secondary compressor 34, shown in Fig. 2 a.

Fig. 2 b illustrates following content: at first, it illustrates the thermomechanics of the run duration of secondary compressor 34 (being designated reciprocal compressor) between its 14.67psia and 90psia and describes.Compression process is considered to constant entropy, makes air to change to 90psiaq and 426.44 Fahrenheits (entropy=1.6366BTU/ (#R)) from 14.67psia and 70 Fahrenheits.Yet, should be noted that the efficient of this compression process can be low to moderate 84% or littler, wherein, the result expends more multipotency to realize 90psia, makes final temperature in fact higher, that is: can be 492 Fahrenheits or higher.Water cooling in the water cooling of compressor and the downstream heat exchanger 35 preferably makes output temperature reach about 70 Fahrenheits.If necessary, the water that has heated can be delivered to water heating system subsequently as waste heat recovery.Also consider between secondary compressor 34 and turbocompressor 31 to have pressure drop, for example the approximately loss of 5psi.

Preferably utilize turbocompressor 31 (being designated centrifugal compressor) to repeat similar process with its efficient of 84%.The result is that by using the moving air of about 43.36BTU/#, the air of 85psia and 70 Fahrenheits is compressed to about 205psia and 250 Fahrenheits.Again, the water cooling in the water cooling of turbocompressor 31 and the downstream heat exchanger 37 preferably makes output temperature reach about 70 Fahrenheits.If necessary, the water that has heated can be delivered to water heating system subsequently as waste heat recovery.Also consider the pressure drop that between turbocompressor 31 and turbo-expander 33, has about 5psi.Turbo-expander 33 receives the input air of 200psia and 70 Fahrenheits, and discharges the cool air of about 31.5psia and-114.8 Fahrenheits.The moving air that this discharges 43.416BTU/# is a bit larger tham the moving air of the required 43.36BTU/# of turbocompressor 31.

Provide sample situation in Fig. 2 c, wherein the system of 2000hp can provide the air of 10857.6SCFM to be used for freezing purpose under-114.78 Fahrenheits.Note that this provides power to realize by the efficient with 102.79BTU/# or 5.5SCFM/HP only to the reciprocal secondary compressor 34 of this 2000hp.In Fig. 2 b, there are the electricity input of 2000hp and the heat output of 844.3hp.The efficient of this expression 42.2%.

These numerals and amount are estimated, and only are used for illustrative purpose.Actual numeral may be different with amount.

Summarize from the obtainable cryogenic temperature of turbo-expander by the inlet pressure of consideration 200psia and the example of two outlet pressures (1) 30psia and (2) 14.67psia.Under first kind of situation, the outlet pressure of 30psia has considered that cool air will need pressurization fully with the descending process of passing long piping and valve and the relevant pressure loss thereof.Under second kind of situation, the outlet pressure of 14.67psia is considered the maximum pressure drop (temperature is fallen) that does not have important downstream line equipment and provide the turbo-expander two ends.

Fig. 2 d illustrates for the strong discrepancy between the airflow requirement of above-mentioned two kinds of particular cases generation specific powers (SCFM/hp).Fig. 2 d shows: input temp is high more, and it is just few more to produce the required air-flow of specific power.Therefore, for identical power output time, higher input temp will need less compressed air storage tank to produce the power of specified rate.

On the other hand, Fig. 2 e shows that lower input temp will produce lower discharge temperature.In addition, Fig. 2 e shows, for lower input temp, is discharged to 14.67psia (atmospheric pressure) from 200psia and produces extremely low temperature.Therefore, if target is desalination or air conditioning, then be necessary to consider bigger pressure drop and colder input temp.

D. mixing chamber:

Relevant with system 1, mixing chamber 11 can be set, this mixing chamber 11 uses by turbo- expander 7 or 33 cool airs 50 that produce and produces chilled water 51.But different with desalination system 40, mixing chamber 11 is designed to use fresh water or any suitable liquid in closed-loop system, makes this water or liquid all not need to redistribute afterwards and is used for other purposes.

In the situation of the desalination system 40 that will discuss, one of purpose is to provide domestic fresh water to related facility, therefore is used for after air-conditioning system 15 provides cooling at chilled water 51, and described water is preferably removed from system and redistributed as domestic fresh water 52.But in the situation of mixing chamber 11, its objective is low temperature is delivered to water or liquid from cool air 50.Therefore, to remain in the closed-loop system be acceptable for water or liquid.In any given system, desalination system 40 or mixing chamber 11 (both is optional) all can be set, although in any given system, may wish to have desalination system 40 and mixing chamber 11 and make that two features are all available.

In the present embodiment, mixing chamber 11 can be used for chilled water 51 or any other suitable liquid.Term " frozen liq " after this will be used for the description of mixing chamber 11, but should be interpreted as comprising chilled water 51.Mixing chamber 11 is basic for being filled with the thermally insulated container of liquid, wherein cool air 50 preferences from turbo-expander 7 are assigned in the mixing chamber 11 as the form with micro-bubble 53, wherein preferably be provided for cool air 50 is incorporated into device this mixing chamber from the below, as shown in Figure 4.For example, this can be by being provided with nozzle or spout 54 is finished, and this nozzle or spout 54 with the form injected cool air 50 of bubble 53, and make described bubble pass liquid from the below, make and to mix with liquid and during liquid circulation, described liquid is freezing owing to hot transmission when bubble.Preferably be provided with and allow device 55 that residue cool air 56 escapes from the top of mixing chamber, wherein remain cool air 56 and can be directed and be used for providing further cooling to described facility with in the inner sustain balance.Then, according to the needs of system, the liquid in the mixing chamber 11 can be freezing to suitable degree or temperature by cool air 50, in a preferred embodiment, when using fresh water, is preferably about 40 Fahrenheits.Frozen liq in the mixing chamber 11 can be assigned to it then can be stored in wherein thermal energy storage system 13, as will be discussed, and is used by air-conditioning system 15 afterwards.

In this respect, different with desalination system 40, the liquid in the mixing chamber 11 preferably is limited in the closed-loop system, makes to add or to remove liquid.For example, if fresh water is used for mixing chamber 11 and is cooled, then it can promptly be recycled to the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20 along a direction circulation by lower inlet 27, and as shown in Figure 4, wherein chilled water 51 can be stored in the knockout drum 20.By making water keep static relatively in knockout drum 20, and the described water of very slow ground pumping, the water in jars 20 can keep layering, and wherein cold relatively water 51 is positioned at bottom 24, and the water 57 of relatively hot is positioned at top 22.

Then, the chilled water 51 in the bottom 24 can by under export 28 and be assigned with and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system 15, this air-conditioning system 15 is for example for being positioned at the HVAC system 59 with coil pipe 58 at a distance, as shown in Figure 5.Then, after cold water 51 had passed through the heat exchanger coil 58 of HVAC59, the water 57 of relatively hot can turn back to the top 22 of knockout drum 20 then by upper inlet 17.Then, the water 57 of relatively hot can be circulated back to mixing chamber 11 by upper outlet 26 therefrom, and in this case, this water can be cooled off by cool air 50 subsequently, as shown in Figure 4.This circulation can constantly repeat.

When in mixing chamber 11, using fresh water, as will be discussed, the final temperature of chilled water 51 that is assigned to the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20 is preferably about 40 Fahrenheits, and from the density viewpoint, this separately is best for keep high temperature and low temperature in the upper and lower 22,24 of knockout drum 20.But when using other liquid or Xiang Shuizhong to add additive, temperature may be lower than 40 Fahrenheits, in this case, can more effectively use colder temperature.

E. desalination system:

In this system 1, one of secondary purpose that can be used for from the cool air of turbo- expander 7 or 33 is to use desalination system 40 to purify waste water, shown in Fig. 6 a, 6b, 6c and 6d.

Desalination system 40 of the present invention preferably is suitable for removing from seawater or from the non-purified water (hereinafter being referred to as " seawater ") 60 of brackish water or other form salt and other impurity.In the present embodiment, desalination system 40 preferably includes crystallisation chamber 9, and this crystallisation chamber 9 can be used for removing salt and other impurity, wherein can produce thus and purify waste water.Crystallisation chamber 9 is preferably thermally insulated container, and it is particularly suited at inner sustain low temperature, and allows seawater 60 and cool air 50 is introduced into wherein and mix therein, and allows to form in the bottom water and ice.

Preferably, desalination system 40 preferably is ejected into seawater 60 in the crystallisation chamber 9 with the mist or 62 forms of spraying, and wherein the cool air 50 from turbo- expander 7 or 33 preferably is introduced in the chamber 9, thereby with mist or spray and 62 be exposed in the terribly cold air.It is cold and icing fast that this causes seawater droplet 62 to be crossed, and forms the icy grain 63 of mistake on the bottom 64 of falling this chamber thus.Seawater droplet 62 is preferred but nonessential in the introducing of 65 places, top of chamber, and cool air 501) introduce and upwards guiding in the center of described chamber, perhaps 2) introduce this chamber from the top, this produces down wash, and this down wash forces seawater droplet 62 to reduce to the bottom sooner.Decision uses the factor of which kind of selection to depend on how soon seawater need freeze, the freezing speed depend on seawater 60 had how cold, cool air 50 to have how cold, the size of chamber 9, seawater droplet how to expose before inlet chamber 9 of seawater, and each the amount of being introduced or the like.

Freezing of seawater 60 preferably makes floaty pure water ice pellets 63 can be formed in the bottom 64 of chamber 9, and wherein micro-salt solution 67 is attached on the ice pellets 63, and purpose is that salt and other impurity are stayed in the salt solution 67.Desalination system 40 preferably from density greater than removing ice pellets 63 salt solution 67 of ice pellets 63, make gravity can help salt solution 67 to separate, and with a kind of method cleaning ice pellets 63 at least two kinds of methods with ice pellets 63.

At first, accumulate in the place, bottom of chamber 9 by allowing ice pellets 63, promptly when ice pellets dropped on the top of each other, ice pellets 63 can form big ice cube 66.Along with the past of time, ice pellets 63 fall and they when sticking together, they form big ice cube 66 with collective, this ice cube 66 will tend to float on the top of density greater than the salt solution 67 of ice cube 66.In this respect, preferably, by seawater droplet 62 being incorporated into the center of chamber 9, revising described system and make ice pellets 63 form taper ice cube 66, wherein the ice pellets 63 that forms thus also will accumulate in the center of described chamber.This advantageously makes the salt solution 67 that surrounds or be attached to each pure water ice pellets 63 flow down along the side, rather than is trapped within the ice cube 66, promptly is trapped in the recess or crack that may be formed at when ice cube solidifies on the ice cube 66.That is to say that by forming taper ice cube 66, the salt solution 67 that is attached to each ice pellets 63 will just pour off along the side rather than be trapped within the ice cube 66, makes salt solution 67 to separate with ice cube 66 efficiently as required downwards.Formed ice is typically about-6 Fahrenheits.

Then, by with fresh water flushing ice cube 66, and allow ice cube 66 to melt, can produce fresh water.In this respect, shown in Fig. 6 a, the fresh water that is under the room temperature (for example 60 Fahrenheits) in addition can be sprayed onto downwards on the ice cube 66 with as column scrubber from nozzle 68, and this helps when ice cube forms removal salt solution 67 from ice cube 66.Most of salt solution 67 is by discharging the space of gravity flow between ice pellets 63.In order further to remove the salt solution on the surface that is attached to each ice pellets 63, preferably fresh water is ejected on the ice/brine layer at the base portion place that is deposited on crystallisation chamber 9, with auxiliary salt solution 67 gravity drainage layer by layer.This fresh water freezes when it is attached to each layer and the very thin viscous salt water layer of further discharge from the gap between the ice pellets 63.Being frozen in fresh water on the ice pellets thaws afterwards and reclaims and do not use other fresh water so that reuse.More highly purified if desired water then can add the downstream column scrubber.

Note that and to introduce water spray so that with the auxiliary gravity drainage that strengthens salt solution 67 of the form of pre-wash.This water is frozen on the layer of the ice pellets that freezes 63 that is coated with salt solution, and when ice pellets accumulates on the ice cube 66, and they remove and allow salt solution 67 to flow to the outer surface of ice cube 66 full-bodied salt solution from the surface of ice pellets 63, shown in Fig. 6 a.Salt solution 67 is preferred 9 bottom discharges from the chamber by drainage means 69, shown in Fig. 6 a and 6b.

The bottom 64 of chamber 9 preferably includes porous basket 71, and this porous basket 71 can be obtained the ice pellets 63 that falls forming ice cube 66 thereon, but allows the cool air circulation to leave chamber 9.In this respect, the sidewall 72 of chamber 9 preferably has passage or space 73, and excessive cool air can flow through this passage or space 73, and wherein excessive cool air preferably leaves by exporting 74, and wherein cool air can be assigned to air-conditioning system 15 subsequently and be used as cool air.

The right-hand side of Fig. 6 b illustrates how to form ice pellets 63 in the bottom of basket 71, thereby forms bigger ice cube 66, perhaps forms slurries 74 in some cases, and wherein the hole in the basket allows salt solution 67 to pass, thereby pure water ice pellets 63 is stayed in the basket 71.Then, by removing basket 71, can from chamber 9, remove pure water ice cube 66 and/or slurries 74.

The ice cube 66 and/or the slurries 74 of the ice pellets 63 that removes with basket 71 are melted, to produce fresh water, shown in Fig. 6 c in the bottom that keeps jar 76.As directed, the fresh water 75 that is under the high relatively temperature (being 60 Fahrenheits in this case) can be gone up to wash ice and to melt the ice by the downward ice pellets 63 (no matter being ice cube 66 or slurries 74) that is sprayed onto as column scrubber.As shown in Fig. 6 d, localized heat air 81 also can be incorporated into and keep melting with further auxiliary ice pellets 63 in the jar 76.When ice-out, fresh water droplet 78 passes the hole in the basket 71, and accumulates in the bottom 77 that keeps jar 76 with the form of freezing domestic fresh water.Can use more than a basket 71, making does not need to interrupt desalination and melting process, is removing each basket 71 simultaneously from chamber 9.

Because ice cube 66 and/or slurries 74 are made of ice and be cold therefore, so its fresh water that produces when melting also will be chilled water.This ice is preferably approximately-6 Fahrenheit, and passes through on ice by the water with about 60 Fahrenheits, and final fresh water is preferably about 40 Fahrenheits.Therefrom, freezing fresh water can be assigned to knockout drum 20 and is stored in the knockout drum 20 so that used by air-conditioning system 15 later on by exporting 79, perhaps returns crystallisation chamber 9 with the spraying 68 that acts on column scrubber or keep spraying 75 in jars 76 by exporting 80 recirculation.Under any situation, be recycled with before being assigned as domestic fresh water 52 at this water, this water all can be used in secondary purpose, and comprising to air-conditioning system 15 provides cooling, or cleans the ice pellets 63 in the crystallisation chamber 9.

In another embodiment (not shown), can change this system make ice pellets 63 will be in the chamber 9 bottom form slurries, and rotary screw is used for from the chamber 9 and effectively and continuously removes slurries.The salt solution 67 that described slurries are preferably fallen the bottom of chamber 9 and encirclement or are attached to each ice pellets at pure water ice pellets 63 forms when falling with pure water ice pellets 63, and wherein pure water ice pellets 63 finally swims in salt solution 67 liquid, and they all accumulate in the bottom.Cross icy grain and salt solution and produce the mixture that temperature is approximately-6 Fahrenheits together, wherein low density fresh water ice pellets swims in the salt solution 67 that contains undesirable salt and other impurity.Most of salt solution is removed by draining.

In order to remove described slurries continuously from described chamber, and ice pellets is effectively separated with salt solution, this system can be provided with rotary screw in the bottom of described chamber.And any residual salt solution that is coated on the ice crystal all can further be removed in conventional column scrubber or in keeping jar 76.

Therefore, desalination system has and is used to device that ice pellets 63 is separated with salt solution 67, to guarantee removing any residual salt or other impurity from ice pellets.For example, preferably be cooled to about-6 Fahrenheits to guarantee that forming solid ice preferably is assigned in maintenance jar 76 or other container with liquid brine these ice pellets 63 mutually mutually, and by other fresh water 75 (for example by the water of described system purification, this water can be under the room temperature) spray or mixing with it, and allow this ice pellets to melt subsequently.Mix by the other water 75 under will crossing icy grain 63 and being in room temperature, described system can produce perishing domestic fresh water, promptly is in or near setting temperature.For example, for thermal energy storage system 13, as will be discussed, the final temperature of the chilled water that is formed by desalination system is preferably about 40 Fahrenheits, as will be discussed, this input for knockout drum 20 is a desired temperature, though for other purpose, if necessary, this water can be in+32 Fahrenheits in the scope of+60 Fahrenheits or higher temperature.

The frozen fresh water that is produced by desalination system 40 can be assigned to thermal energy storage system 13 then, this frozen fresh water can be stored in this thermal energy storage system 13 and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system 15 at reasonable time then, this air-conditioning system 15 can be used for cooling infrastructure then, as will discussing.After this, fresh water can be redistributed as domestic fresh water.

In embodiment's (not shown), seawater 60 comes line transportation by the pipe around crystallisation chamber 9, makes seawater 60 even just be pre-cooling near setting temperature before its inlet chamber 9.That is to say, be introduced in supercooled air 50 in the chamber 9 and will have the effect that makes locular wall 72 coolings, make that described pipe will serve as heat exchanger by described pipe being reeled described wall and make seawater 60 pass pipe, thereby make seawater can become precooling.Like this, in case seawater enters crystallisation chamber 9, seawater will freeze sooner and will drop to the bottom, and it freezes continuing and solidifies in the bottom.Like this, preferably, the temperature of seawater 60 even just will be before its inlet chamber 9 near freezing.

Used heat from compressor also can be used for reverse effect.That is to say that around the bottom of crystallisation chamber 9, wish to prevent that ice pellets from adhering to and accumulate on the locular wall, therefore, a kind of mode of utilizing used heat is to distribute used heat to produce warm water, this warm water pipe by extending around the bottom of crystallisation chamber capable of circulation subsequently.In this respect, preferably, warm water tube gathers bottom on it probably with the ice pellets of coiling chamber 9, the top of described chamber and the pipe that is used for pre-cooled seawater will be reeled.In the provisional application that relates to desalination system of incorporating this paper by reference into, these features have been described in more detail.

F. thermal energy storage system:

Can be assigned to thermal energy storage system 13 then by the frozen fresh water of desalination system 40 generations and/or chilled water or the liquid that produces by mixing chamber 11, it can be stored in this thermal energy storage system 13 and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system 15 at reasonable time then, then, this air-conditioning system 15 can be used for cooling infrastructure, as will be discussed.

This last aspect, preferred embodiment preferably includes and separates or layering jar 20, from the freezing pure water of crystallisation chamber 9 or from the chilled water of mixing chamber 11 or liquid can distribute be stored into this separate or layering jar 20 in.By knockout drum 20 is provided, as shown in Figure 4, the coldest water 51 will be stayed jars 20 bottom 24, and the top 22 that warm relatively water 57 will be stayed jar, make the coldest water 51 subsequently can be from the bottom 24 extract out and be used for air-conditioning system 15.By making the water in the knockout drum 20 keep static relatively, cold water and warm water will keep layering, and wherein the coldest water 51 can obtain in the bottom subsequently and be used for providing cooling to air-conditioning system 15.

In this case, knockout drum 20 preferably has top 22 and bottom 24, wherein can be incorporated into the bottom 24 of jar 20 from the chilled water of desalination system 40 and/or mixing chamber 11.Like this, when the needs chilled water provides when cooling to air-conditioning system 15, chilled water can be extracted out from the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20 and be assigned to air regulator 15 subsequently, this air regulator 15 can be used for air is cooled off then.By making the water in the knockout drum 20 keep static relatively, and make water keep flowing into relatively lentamente and flow out described jar, chilled water 51 will be stayed jars 20 bottom 24, and warm relatively water 57 will be stayed jars 20 top 22.And, from the viewpoint of density, to wish to make the frozen fresh water in the bottom that is incorporated into knockout drum 20 remain on approximately+40 Fahrenheit, this has optimized the ability that the water in the jar is kept layering.On the other hand, in the situation of mixing chamber 11, wherein water needn't be pure water, can in water, introduce additive, maybe can use other liquid, make the water in the knockout drum 20 or the temperature of liquid can be lower than+40 Fahrenheits, in this case with different densities, therefore the water or the liquid that are assigned to air-conditioning system 15 can be colder, and providing more effective aspect the cooling to described system.

Preferably, in the embodiment who uses mixing chamber 11, circuit water or liquid form closed loop in knockout drum 20, and wherein the top 22 of knockout drum 20 has upper inlet 17 and upper outlet 26, and bottom 24 has lower inlet 27 and outlet 28 down.Like this, can be assigned to the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20 and be stored subsequently by lower inlet 27 from the chilled water 51 of mixing chamber 11 or liquid.Then, when needs, can be by exporting 28 chilled water or the liquid of releasing self-separation jar 20 from the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20 down, to provide cooling to air-conditioning system 15.Then, after chilled water or liquid had passed air-conditioning system 15 and heat exchange, from the top 22 that the warm relatively water or the liquid of air-conditioning system 15 can loop back knockout drum 20 by upper inlet 17, water or liquid can be stored in the knockout drum 20 again.At last,, can loop back mixing chamber 11 by upper outlet 26, make that it can be by freezing to begin described circulation once more again from the warm relatively water or the liquid on the top 22 of knockout drum 20 at reasonable time.

When the place that comprises heat exchanger coil need be heated, can be conversely from the circulation of knockout drum 20 beginning of layering, make that warm water or the liquid from layering holding vessel top is sent to heat exchanger coil to heat this coil pipe and HVAC air.Then, the cool air through heat exchanger coil will make water or the liquid freezing that turns back to layering knockout drum bottom.When cold water and hot water separating surface reached the top of layering knockout drum 20, this process was interrupted.

When being added to the bottom of layering knockout drum 20, must take out the warm water or the liquid of equivalent from the top of layering knockout drum 20, to adapt to the fixed volume of layering knockout drum 20 from the cold water of mixing chamber 11 or liquid.

For desalination system 40,, so preferably distributing from air-conditioning system 15, this water goes back, to be assigned as domestic fresh water, to be used for described facility or to be used for any other purpose because this optimum system choosing uses freezing domestic fresh water as refrigerant.Therefore, if do not have closed-loop system, frozen fresh water preferably is used for removing and be assigned to subsequently other places from described system after air-conditioning system 15 provides cooling at it.Then, this domestic fresh water can be stored in different jars with as potable water, and/or reboots desalination system 40 and use with the thawing water as formed other ice pellets.Then, for the purpose that produces other chilled water, introduce other seawater.Described optimum system choosing is arranged so that all has the water of the best and constant basis to stay in the knockout drum at any given time, and irrelevant with fresh water that removes from this system and the new seawater that is added.When the two is used for same system when mixing chamber 11 and crystallisation chamber 9, wishes that fresh water is used for two circulatory systems, and wish that the refrigerant in the mixing chamber 11 is not a closed-loop system.

G. air-conditioning system:

Air-conditioning system 15 preferably has heat-exchange tube and/or coil pipe 58, can come line transportation by this heat-exchange tube and/or coil pipe 58 from the chilled water 51 of knockout drum 20.Like this, chilled water 51 passes the pipe that is arranged in center air conditioning chamber 41 and/or the inside of coil pipe 58, makes that circuit air 42 can cool off by heat exchange in chamber 41.That is to say, when air 42 passes and crosses cryovial and/or coil pipe 58, warm relatively air 42 around cold relatively pipe and/or coil pipe 58 will turn cold, and can for example be assigned to whole facility to provide cool air to described facility by ventilation system subsequently.Also can be used in to air-conditioning system 15 or to described facility from the cool air 50 of turbo-expander 7 (this cool air is discharged from turbo-expander 7) or from the residue cool air 73 of crystallisation chamber 9 or from the final cool air 56 of mixing chamber 11 provides cool air.Described chilled water also can be used the form of chilled water, for example arrive other contiguous facility by the heat-insulated pipe network allocation, wherein can expand this system to provide other cooling capacity near other facility.When described system used fresh water from desalination system 40 as refrigerant, this water preferably distributed from air-conditioning system 15 and goes back, so that be assigned as domestic fresh water, be used for described facility or be used for any other purpose.

H. other parts:

In addition, secondary compressor 34 can be set, and wherein any excessive any excessive compressed air energy electric and/or that do not used by other device in described system or the described system from any energy source all can be used for providing power to secondary compressor 34 and/or turbocompressor.As top secondary compressor 34, turbocompressor 31 and the turbo-expander 33 that illustrates and describe in conjunction with Fig. 2 is cool air with transformation of energy preferably, this cool air can be directed into cool air output, this cool air output can be assigned in desalination system 40 or the mixing chamber 11, perhaps not only is assigned to desalination system 40 but also is assigned in the mixing chamber 11.

2. operation:

Universal component embodiment shown in Figure 1 preferably can be with many different mode operations:

Maximum power output

Generating is also supervened the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning

Generating is also supervened the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning)

Generating is also supervened the cool air that is used for desalination, instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning)

When compressed air storage tank is full of, generates electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning)

When compressed air storage tank is full of, generates electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for desalination, instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning)

A. maximum power output:

In a kind of operating mode as shown in Figure 7, but the feasible electricity that produces maximum flow of initialization system parameter is used for instant use.For example, this may be favourable the time by day, for example when existing high electricity needs when being used for described facility and having constant relatively available wind supply.

Under this pattern, even be not all, also there is most direct wind-force to be used to generating, this electricity can be along circuit 25 transmission to provide electric power to described facility, electrical network or other user according to demand.For example, this can realize that these logical circuit 8 controls are from the distribution of the energy in source 3 by using the suitable setting on the logical circuit 8.Under this setting,, and have only excessive wind energy just to be transferred in the storage device above demand with the form transmission of the wind energy road 25 along the line of required as much with electricity.In this case, the energy that is produced by wind turbine can be transferred to " A " that is used for providing to motor 4 power, this motor 4 drives primary compressor 10, and this primary compressor 10 transfers again air to be compressed and air is stored in the jar 5 for later use.The stored pressurized air that is stored in the pipeline also can be used to drive pneumatic equipment via route shown in Figure 7 " D ".

For maximum power output, the pressurized air that stores in the jar 5 also can be used for providing power to turbogenerator 14, makes stored wind energy also can be exclusively used in generating.Like this, even a little less than the usability of wind does not have rule or wind, during this period, come the pressurized air of self-storing mechanism also can be used for replenishing to be supplied to be used for the instant DIRECT ENERGY of using.Even this makes velocity wind levels fluctuate, also interrupt relatively continuously and not to described facility or user's flow of electrical power, and do not have surge and spike.In this respect, the invention is intended to consider in the long relatively endurance, to provide constant power output level.

In addition, any used heat that is produced by compressor all can be re-assigned in the compressed air energy-storing electricity system, and with pressure and the efficient that improves this system, this further helps to produce the electric power output of maximum flow.When using titanium turbo-expander 7, used heat should be no more than 300 Fahrenheits.Using the wind-force on daytime to carry out the peak value finishing needs compressor horsepower to be equal to or greater than the power of turbo-expander 7 usually.Under this pattern, it is warmer to use used heat will cause by any exhaust of turbo-expander 7 generations, therefore will not necessarily be suitable as the cool air that is used for secondary purpose.

B. generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning:

Under this pattern shown in Figure 8, might obtain maximum or almost maximum electric power output, and produce the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning simultaneously.For example, this pattern can have some parameters identical with the maximum power output mode to be set, but when being stored in pressurized air in jars 5 when being released, and be can be used in the purpose that the direct cool air that air conditioning uses is provided by the cool air of turbo-expander 7 generations.If necessary, the cool air that is produced can be delivered directly to the air mixing chamber of asosciated HVAC systems, and in this air mixing chamber, described cool air can mix with new air input and the air input of returning.The cool air that is produced also can be incorporated in the air-conditioning system 15, makes cool air can distribute to facility or other user.Note that generation is that what have identical size is the cool air power of supervening of unit with kW (heat) in each time span of electric power of unit with kW ().

Yet, in this pattern, have the more directly wind energy of necessary use to be used for pressurized air is stored into the purpose of jar 5, because, in jar 5, enough air pressures must be arranged for turbo-expander 7 is normally moved.This means that logical circuit 8 may need to be suitable for the total pressure in the sensing jar 5, make when the pressure in the jar 5 drops under the predetermined minimum value, system can change the ratio of amount with the amount of the wind energy that is exclusively used in storage on the other hand of the wind energy that is exclusively used in instant use on the one hand, the feasible amount that is exclusively used in the wind energy of storage can increase, and this will help to replenish the compressed air energy in the jar 5.The effect that this will have enough supplies of keeping stored compressed air energy, this means also to have enough cool air supplies to be used for the air conditioning purpose.Under this pattern, it is inappropriate that used heat is guided to turbo-expander 7 from compressor 10.

C. generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning):

This pattern is illustrated among Fig. 9, and its representative is further along the pattern of instant use with the series of the ratio of energy storage.As in two kinds of patterns at first, this pattern can be used for providing maximum power output in some cases, but usually only in the supply of wind energy obviously greater than electric demand, and have enough excessive wind energies can be when being provided for the cool air of instant air conditioning and time-delay air conditioning.For example, this may occur in during morning, and blowing but to the demand minimum of electricity and instant air conditioning this moment.But when the amount of available wind energy is so not big, perhaps to the demand of air conditioning when high relatively, this system saves as compressed air energy and produces the cool air that is used to cool off purpose may must be set at more wind energy being exclusively used in, and wind energy still less is exclusively used in generating to be used for instant use.

Simultaneously, by using the compressed air energy that stores, this system can produce electricity and cool air at one time together, make by pressurized air being stored in the jar 5, part in the described energy still can be used for using turbogenerator 14 to generate electricity and be used for instant use, and does not get rid of and be used to cool off purpose.Therefore, use wind-force to generate electricity and produce adequate rate between the compressed air energy with generation character and characteristic that must taking into account system to be used for instant the use with storing wind-force.

In this pattern, the relative demand that consideration needs non-cooling and cooling, outdoor temperature or the like (electricity needs that comprises facility), the amount of the wind energy of using logical circuit 8 can setup parameter to make to be exclusively used in the air conditioning needs that satisfy facility be enough to make facility to keep cooling.As shown in Figure 9, the main purpose of this pattern is to use the cool air that is produced by turbo-expander 7, to provide direct cooling to be used for carrying out instant air conditioning or providing cooling to produce chilled water by relevant HVAC, and this chilled water can save as chilled water so that be used for air conditioning later on, perhaps not only provides direct cooling to be used for instant air conditioning but also provide cooling to produce chilled water.

When storing frozen water, this optimum system choosing distributes the cool air of q.s to mixing chamber 11, and in mixing chamber 11, this cool air is used for carrying out freezing to the water of mixing chamber 11, wherein chilled water can be stored in the knockout drum 20 subsequently, makes it to be used by air-conditioning system 15 afterwards.As described, when using fresh water as the refrigerant in the described mixing chamber, the temperature that is stored in the water in the knockout drum 20 is preferably about 40 Fahrenheits, if but used the additive of different densities or other liquid then can be lower.

D. generate electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for desalination, instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning):

Figure 10 illustrates this pattern, and except at least a portion (if not all) cool air is used for the desalination purpose, it is similar to the pattern of prior figures 9 in some respects, thereby except providing chilled water also from seawater, to produce domestic fresh water to provide to air-conditioning system the cooling.

As can be seen, under this pattern, cool air 50 is assigned to the desalination crystallisation chamber 9 that is used for freezing seawater 60, and this desalination crystallisation chamber 9 allows pure fresh water to separate with other impurity with salt in the seawater again.Simultaneously, owing to use freezing temperature, so consequent fresh water is freezing basically, make it can be assigned to subsequently in the heat energy system 13 and and be stored in the knockout drum 20 as chilled water, be assigned in the heat energy system 13 from the chilled water of mixing chamber 11 in the previous mode and the mode that stores much at one.Like this, the chilled water 51 in the knockout drum 20 can store and be used for to provide cooling to air-conditioning system 15 similarly on the basis of time-delay.The cool air that discharges from crystallisation chamber 9 also can be used for providing instant cooling to this air-conditioning system, and discharges pressurized air and can be used for using turbogenerator 14 generate electricity together, thus the efficient of raising system.

Under this pattern, preferably set, make the fresh water recirculation be recycled to heat energy system 13 and be recycled to air-conditioning system 15 subsequently return, make it to be removed and, for example be used for described facility or any other user as domestic fresh water 52.But some fresh water of being heated by air regulator 15 also recirculation return, use with thawing water as the ice pellets that forms by desalination system 40.

Cool air be sent to crystallisation chamber 9 with seawater (or brackish water) thus spraying interact to form solid ice (fresh water) and liquid brine.Overlay on solid ice salt solution on every side and can pass through gravity (sedimentation) removal, perhaps, for the purity that makes the water that separates from salt solution is bigger, can clean ice with clean water, wherein this rinse water also is recovered as clean water.

Be near the freezing ice under the temperature of " 5 Fahrenheit " and can mix with the tap water of "+60 Fahrenheit " with water that forms "+40 Fahrenheit " and the knockout drum 20 of delivering to thermal energy storage system 13.Because water is added to thermal energy storage system 13, so the water that preferably removes equivalent is as potable water.

Be used for the coil pipe 58 that for example is positioned on the air-conditioning system 15 is at a distance carried out freezing pattern in thermal energy storage system 13, cold water 51 preferably is supplied to the bottom 24 of knockout drum 20, and 57 layers in warm water moves to jars 20 top 22 and is removed as potable water simultaneously.Preferably be pumped into the air-conditioning system 15 that hot air is wherein blown over coil pipe 58 from the chilled water 51 of the bottom of knockout drum 20, the result produces the water and the cool air of heating.The water of heating turns back to the top of knockout drum 20, and cool air is recycled to described facility or user by air-conditioning system 15.

Be used for heating the pattern of long-range coil pipe 58 in thermal energy storage system 13, water cycle conversely.Nuan water is drawn out of and turns back to as colder water the bottom 24 of this jar from the top 22 of knockout drum 20 relatively.Preferably, during this recycled back, do not add or remove water.

E. when compressed air storage tank is full of, generates electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning):

As shown in figure 11, when compressed air storage tank 5 is full of, excess power from wind turbine 19 is sent to the secondary compressor 34 that increases atmospheric pressure, this excessive electric power transfers to deliver to again the turbocompressor 31 and the turbo-expander 33 that can be used for producing the cool air that is used for air-conditioning system 15, and needn't at first wind energy be stored in the jar 5 as pressurized air.

As shown in Figure 2, motor 32 is used for providing power to compressor 34, and this compressor 34 can be used for air is compressed, and for example is compressed to 90psia, and wherein pressurized air preferably is assigned to the turbocompressor that is connected to turbo-expander 33 31 on the common shaft 39.At first, the air of the 90psia that expands by turbo-expander 33 causes the axle 39 rotary turbine compressors 31 of turbo-expander, and this causes turbocompressor/turbine expansion machine to quicken up to reaching balance pressure.For particular design, brought up to 215psia by turbocompressor 31 from the air output of the 90psia of compressor 34.Cause to the input air of the 215psia of turbo-expander 33 being inflated～air of the high mass flow of 15psia.It is extremely cold that the air of final high mass flow becomes, and promptly preferably is lower than-100 Fahrenheits, for example-114.8 Fahrenheit.Also can be arranged on heat exchanger 35,37 in this system and preferably have and help make the air of compression to keep colder relatively, thereby not damage the final temperature of the cool air that discharges by turbo-expander 33.

Then, cool air 50 can be assigned to mixing chamber 11, and passes from water in the mode of bubbling, and wherein water preferably is frozen with the water that produces 40 Fahrenheits and the exhaust of 40 Fahrenheits.Can use other temperature, for example when other refrigerant of using such as the water with additive or other liquid.Cool air by generation and will compressed air energy-storing electricity in the jar 5 that may be full of, but preferably in (promptly when wind turbine 19 operations time) generation on the ongoing basis.The water of 40 Fahrenheits is sent to knockout drum 20, and this water can be stored in this knockout drum 20 and use afterwards.Preferably delivered to the HVAC system immediately or it is discharged (waste) from the exhaust of 40 Fahrenheits of mixing chamber 11.

F. when compressed air storage tank is full of, generates electricity and supervene the cool air that is used for desalination, instant air conditioning and thermal energy storage (time-delay air conditioning):

As shown in figure 12, when compressed air storage tank 5 is full of and desalination system 9 (replace mixing chamber 11) is used for when seawater produces frozen fresh water, can use with pattern shown in Figure 11 in much at one mode produce cool air.That is to say that excessive electric power is sent to secondary compressor 34, this secondary compressor 34 increases atmospheric pressure, for example be increased to 90psia, then, the air of this 90psia preferably is fed to turbocompressor 31, and this turbocompressor 31 is connected to the turbo-expander 33 that is positioned on the common shaft 39.The air of the 90psia that expands by turbo-expander 33 preferably causes the axle 39 rotary turbine compressors 31 of turbo-expander, and this causes turbocompressor/turbine expansion machine to quicken up to reaching the balance and stability state pressure.Say once again,, brought up to 215psia by turbocompressor 31 from the air output of the 90psia of secondary compressor 34 for particular design.Cause to the input air of the 215psia of turbo-expander 33 being inflated～air of the high mass flow of 15psia.It is extremely cold that the air of final high mass flow becomes, and promptly preferably is lower than-100 Fahrenheits, for example-114.8 Fahrenheit.Also can be arranged on heat exchanger 35,37 in this system and preferably have and help make the air of compression to keep colder relatively, thereby not damage the final temperature of the cool air that discharges by turbo-expander 33.

Difference between this pattern and the last pattern is: cool air can be assigned to crystallisation chamber 9 rather than mixing chamber 11 subsequently, in crystallisation chamber 9, by with cold air jets in crystallisation chamber 9 and cause the quick freezing of seawater droplet, described cool air is used for seawater is carried out desalination, wherein the fresh water ice pellets can be removed from salt solution, as mentioned above.This process produces freezing, preferred freezing domestic fresh water to about 40 Fahrenheits, the exhaust that wherein also produces 40 Fahrenheits.

This cool air by generation and will compressed air energy-storing electricity in jar 5 (under this pattern supposition jar 5 be full of), but preferably in (promptly when wind turbine 19 operations time) generation on the ongoing basis.The fresh water of 40 Fahrenheits is sent to knockout drum 20, and this fresh water can be stored in this knockout drum 20 and be used by air-conditioning system 15 afterwards.Preferably delivered to the HVAC system immediately or it is discharged (waste) from the exhaust of 40 Fahrenheits of crystallisation chamber 9.

In this pattern, preferably set, make the fresh water recirculation be recycled to heat energy system 13 and be recycled to air-conditioning system 15 subsequently return, make it can for example take out and as domestic fresh water by described facility or any other user.But a part of fresh water of being heated by air regulator 15 also recirculation return, use with thawing water as the ice pellets that forms by desalination system 40.

Please note: when compressed air cylinder 5 is full of, for example in Figure 11 or 12 the pattern, also may exist knockout drum 20 to reach best low temperature and it can not admit the moment of more chilled waters again.For example, this may occur in when no longer needing to move air-conditioning system 15, so the chilled water in the knockout drum remains on constant cryogenic temperature.In this case, consider and to change described system: 1) wind energy is sent to other that may need energy and connect electrical network to carry out one or more in the following operation; 2) make wind turbine fan or blade become featheriness; 3) provide load box with dissipation energy.

In any operation of aforesaid operations, for example in off-peak period, can use any other energy source 3b, 3c or 3d, wherein can be in low-cost tariff period stored energy, and use in the expensive tariff period afterwards.And, use setting temperature to freeze water and any desalination system that pure water is separated with impurity, comprise and do not use pressurized air and be to use those desalination systems of other freezing technology, chemical substance etc. all can incorporate native system into, wherein the discharge temperature that is produced by this desalination system can be used for chilled water, and this water can be assigned to the thermal energy storage system again.

Claims (21)

1. cooling system that can reduce end user's cost of energy comprises:

The compressed air energy-storing electricity system, this compressed air energy-storing electricity system can the storing compressed air form energy, and comprise primary compressor, jar and be used to discharge compressed-air actuated decompressor, thus, the energy that is discharged by described decompressor can be used for providing power with generating to generator, and/or produces cool air;

Cooling chamber, this cooling chamber are suitable for using the liquid in the freezing described cooling chamber of cool air;

Thermal energy storage unit, this thermal energy storage unit comprises the knockout drum that can store described frozen liq;

Air-conditioning system, this air-conditioning system and described thermal energy storage system and described compressed air energy-storing electricity system connectivity, wherein the frozen liq from described cooling chamber can be recycled to described knockout drum, and wherein can be drawn out of and be used for to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system from the frozen liq of described knockout drum.

2. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein with the energy of air compression in the described compressed air energy-storing electricity system can be from following energy source at least one acquisition:

1) from the wind-force of one or more wind turbines;

2) electrical network;

3) geothermal power; With

4) nuclear energy.

3. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said system comprises at least one wind turbine producing wind energy, described wind energy can be used in drive described primary compressor with air compression in described compressed air energy-storing electricity system.

4. cooling system according to claim 3, wherein second generator is arranged to relatedly with described at least one wind turbine, wherein can all or part ofly be transferred in following at least one by the described second generator electricity:

1) electric wire, this electric wire lead to user or electrical network to be used for the instant use of described electricity;

2) described compressed air energy-storing electricity system;

3) secondary compressor system.

5. cooling system according to claim 4, wherein said secondary compressor system comprises secondary compressor, turbocompressor, inferior turbo-expander and at least one heat exchanger, and wherein said time turbo-expander is used to produce cool air, and described cool air can be assigned to described cooling chamber.

6. cooling system according to claim 1, at least a portion in the pressurized air in wherein said jar can: 1) be assigned to the secondary compressor system; 2) be used for providing direct cool air to described air-conditioning system; And/or 3) be used for providing power to pneumatic equipment.

7. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said cooling chamber comprises the mixing chamber that is filled with liquid, and described cool air can be incorporated into the form of bubble in the described mixing chamber, and the heat transmission that wherein causes thus causes the liquid in the described mixing chamber to turn cold to produce described frozen liq.

8. cooling system according to claim 7, frozen liq in the wherein said mixing chamber is communicated with described knockout drum, and be communicated with described air-conditioning system, make that described frozen liq can help to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system, and wherein said frozen liq is maintained in the closed-loop system, makes this frozen liq to loop back described mixing chamber from described air-conditioning system.

9. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said cooling chamber comprises the crystallisation chamber that is used for seawater desalination, wherein said crystallisation chamber is suitable for allowing seawater to be incorporated in the described crystallisation chamber with the form of mist or spraying, wherein said cool air can be incorporated in the described crystallisation chamber so that described mist or spraying are frozen, thereby form the ice pellets that constitutes by pure water, wherein said crystallisation chamber can be removed salt and other impurity from seawater, to produce frozen fresh water thus.

10. cooling system according to claim 9, the ice pellets that wherein is formed in the described crystallisation chamber can melt in keeping jar, and wherein other fresh water can be used in described ice pellets is melted to produce frozen fresh water.

11. cooling system according to claim 10, described frozen fresh water in the wherein said crystallisation chamber is communicated with described knockout drum, and be communicated with described air-conditioning system, make that described frozen fresh water can help to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system, and wherein, afterwards, described fresh water can and can be used as domestic fresh water from the extraction of described system.

12. cooling system according to claim 2, wherein obtain the energy that uses by described system in the period, and can use frozen liq to move described air-conditioning system in the period in the high relatively peak requirements of energy rate from described knockout drum in the low relatively non-peak requirements of energy rate.

13. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein said knockout drum has the upper and lower, described top has upper inlet and upper outlet, described bottom has lower inlet and outlet down, and wherein the frozen liq from described cooling chamber can be recycled in the bottom of described knockout drum by the running mouth, and wherein the frozen liq from described knockout drum can be drawn out of by the bottom of described outlet down from described knockout drum, to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system, and wherein after carrying out heat exchange by described air-conditioning system, frozen liq from described air-conditioning system can be recycled in the top of described knockout drum by described upper inlet, and wherein can loop back described cooling chamber by described upper outlet from the frozen liq on described knockout drum top.

14. cooling system according to claim 1, wherein be used for the energy of air compression to described compressed air energy-storing electricity system can be used in the period in the low relatively non-peak requirements of energy rate, and can use frozen liq to move described air-conditioning system in the period in the high relatively peak requirements of energy rate from described knockout drum.

15. cooling system according to claim 1, the wherein initial liquid that uses is seawater, and described cooling chamber comprises the desalination system with crystallisation chamber, from seawater, to remove salt and/or other impurity, and wherein purify waste water and to be recycled to described knockout drum from described crystallisation chamber, and can be used for providing cooling to described air-conditioning system by what described desalination system produced.

16. cooling system according to claim 15, the feasible cool air from described decompressor of wherein said desalination system can be incorporated in the described crystallisation chamber, wherein said seawater is frozen the ice pellets that constitutes by purifying waste water to form, and described ice pellets can separate with other impurity with the salt in the seawater.

17. the cooling system that can reduce end user's cost of energy comprises:

Desalination system, this desalination system are used for removing salt and/or other impurity from water, and wherein said desalination system can form the ice pellets that is made of pure water, and described ice pellets can separate with other impurity with the salt in the water;

Holding vessel, this holding vessel are used to store freezing the purifying waste water that derives from described ice pellets; With

The air-conditioning system that is communicated with described desalination system, wherein the chilled water from described holding vessel can be drawn out of and be used for to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system, and wherein said chilled water can pass described air-conditioning system and cause circulating air to turn cold thus.

18. cooling system according to claim 17, wherein said holding vessel comprise the thermal energy storage knockout drum that is filled with water, wherein said knockout drum has the upper and lower.

19. cooling system according to claim 18, wherein freezing the purifying waste water from described desalination system is recycled in the bottom of described knockout drum, wherein this is purified waste water and can extract out to provide cooling to described air-conditioning system from described bottom, and wherein after carrying out heat exchange, can be recycled and distribute as domestic fresh water from the water of described air-conditioning system by described air-conditioning system.

20. cooling system according to claim 17, the energy that wherein is used to purify described water can use in the period in the low relatively non-peak requirements of energy rate, and can use freezing the purifying waste water from described knockout drum to move described air-conditioning system in the period in the high relatively peak requirements of energy rate.

21. cooling system according to claim 17, wherein said desalination system comprises can pressurized air and discharge the compressed air energy system of described air with decompressor, thus, can be used in water in the freezing described desalination system by discharge discharge cool air that described pressurized air produces with described decompressor.

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