CN101802463B - 用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置及其应用 - Google Patents

用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置及其应用 Download PDF

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CN101802463B
CN101802463B CN2008801072404A CN200880107240A CN101802463B CN 101802463 B CN101802463 B CN 101802463B CN 2008801072404 A CN2008801072404 A CN 2008801072404A CN 200880107240 A CN200880107240 A CN 200880107240A CN 101802463 B CN101802463 B CN 101802463B
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positioning
shift fork
locking
fork
shifting
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CN101802463A (zh
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M·雷施
M·德拉贝克
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ZF Friedrichshafen AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/34—Locking or disabling mechanisms
    • F16H63/36—Interlocking devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/38—Detents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H2063/025—Final output mechanisms for double clutch transmissions
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H63/00—Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02—Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/30—Constructional features of the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/32—Gear shift yokes, e.g. shift forks
    • F16H2063/325—Rocker or swiveling forks, i.e. the forks are pivoted in the gear case when moving the sleeve
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H61/00—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/68—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings
    • F16H61/684—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive
    • F16H61/688—Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for stepped gearings without interruption of drive with two inputs, e.g. selection of one of two torque-flow paths by clutches
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/19—Gearing
    • Y10T74/19219—Interchangeably locked
    • Y10T74/19228—Multiple concentric clutch shafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20012—Multiple controlled elements
    • Y10T74/20018—Transmission control
    • Y10T74/20085—Restriction of shift, gear selection, or gear engagement
    • Y10T74/20104—Shift element interlock
    • Y10T74/2011—Shift element interlock with detent, recess, notch, or groove
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20012—Multiple controlled elements
    • Y10T74/20018—Transmission control
    • Y10T74/20085—Restriction of shift, gear selection, or gear engagement
    • Y10T74/20122—Spherical restrictor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00—Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20—Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20012—Multiple controlled elements
    • Y10T74/20018—Transmission control
    • Y10T74/20085—Restriction of shift, gear selection, or gear engagement
    • Y10T74/20128—Resiliently biased restrictor

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gear-Shifting Mechanisms (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Control Devices For Change-Speed Gearing (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉(1，1′)的装置，该装置对于每个换挡拨叉(1，1′)而言都具有一个设置在换挡拨叉(1，1′)的容纳部(2)中的定位件(3，3′)，所述定位件为了实现定位而与安装在不可运动的变速器区域内的定位轮廓(5，5′)共同作用，其中定位件除了用于定位换挡拨叉(1，1′)之外，还用于锁止换挡拨叉(1，1′)。

Description

用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置及其应用
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉(gear shift fork/Schaltschwinge)的装置。
背景技术
由汽车技术已知用于汽车的变速器的换挡装置。它们通常包含一个中心的换挡轴，在该换挡轴上设置多个换挡拨叉，其嵌入相应的接合套内以便接通挡位。
在变速器中，其中挡位通过换挡元件挂上，必须确保不参与换挡过程的换挡元件的锁止，其中该锁止通常经由单独的构件如销实现。例如在传统的手动变速器中必须锁止多于两个换挡元件；与之不同，在双离合器变速器中对于每个分变速器而言必须锁止一个换挡元件。定位通常经由一个定位销实现，其在壳体中支承或通过其它的方式支承，其中定位轮廓设置在换挡元件上。
此外由现有技术已知定位装置，其直接设置同步体上。在此在至少两个设置在同步体的圆周上的孔中嵌入弹簧，其与接合套中的球体和相应的轮廓处于作用连接。
通常是被动的锁止装置和主动的锁止装置，被动的锁止装置的换挡元件相互锁止，在主动的锁止装置中经由换挡元件释放对于换挡过程需要的换挡元件。由现有技术已知这样的装置，其基本上涉及一需移动的构件，该构件经由特殊的轮廓释放相应的换挡元件。
由申请人的DE-A-19951683已知一种用于汽车手动变速器的锁止装置，其如此构成，使得它业已在选择换档叉轴拨块凹槽时，即在选择的换档叉轴拨块凹槽内挂上需接通的挡位之前，将不需接通的换挡元件锁止。这种手动变速器具有一个中心的换挡轴，其具有换挡拨叉形式的叉形的、嵌入接合套中的换挡元件，这种手动变速器还具有一个锁止装置，其具有一个杠杆，该杠杆的旋转点位于可轴向移动地支承的中心的换挡轴的旋转轴线上并且该杠杆经由一个径向的带动装置与该换挡轴连接。此外设置止动件，其沿着接通方向固定在壳体上并且具有一个耦合机构，其将杠杆的旋转转换成止动件的横向于中心的换挡轴的换挡方向的线性运动。此外在换挡元件和止动件上设置止动元件，其如此构成，使得当所述止动元件在换挡方向上覆盖时阻止换挡元件的换挡运动。止动件特别是止动片，其在多个引导销上横向于中心的换挡轴可移动地支承并且设有许多凹部，所述凹部与在换挡元件上设置的止动元件共同作用。
由申请人的DE 4118931A1已知一种手动变速器，其包含多个同步单元，所述同步单元通过换挡拨叉或通过在换档杆上设置的换挡拨叉操作。在此设置锁止元件，其包含用于将多个换挡拨叉彼此锁止的锁止翼以及用于将多个换档杆彼此锁止的止动球或止动板。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置，通过该装置的应用不需要单独的用于锁止的构件。
上述目的通过根据本发明的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置实现，该装置对于每个换挡拨叉而言都具有一个定位件，所述定位件除了用于定位换挡拨叉之外，还用于锁止换挡拨叉。根据本发明规定，所述定位件设置在换挡拨叉的容纳部内，所述定位件为了实现定位而与安装在不可运动的变速器区域内的定位轮廓共同作用，并且在两个相邻的换挡拨叉的两个定位轮廓之间可旋转地设置一配备给换挡拨叉的锁止片，该锁止片在每个端部上具有一个槽用于容纳换挡拨叉的定位件的壳体或套筒，其中所述锁止片如此布置和设计尺寸，使得在换挡拨叉的中性位置定位件的壳体或套筒部分地位于锁止片的相应的所述槽中。
根据本发明，定位件可以是一个具有封闭壳体的组合部件(组合销)，或由套筒、弹簧和销或球体构成。
有利地，定位件也用于锁止对于换挡不需要的换挡拨叉，其中为此目的设置锁止片，其布置在不可运动的变速器区域内且可旋转地支承，该锁止片具有各个槽用于容纳两个相邻的换挡拨叉的定位件的壳体或套筒。
优选锁止片如此成型，使得被操作的换挡拨叉的定位件在离开定位轮廓之后的轴向运动导致锁止片的旋转运动，使得只要所述被操作的换挡拨叉的定位件未返回中性位置，那么相邻的换挡拨叉的定位件的壳体或套筒就被无间隙地保持压入在相应的槽内，由此将换挡拨叉锁止。
在此通过换挡拨叉的接通挡位的运动和因此通过定位件的运动，锁止片通过定位件的壳体或套筒被如此转动，使得只要所述被操作的定位件未返回中性位置，那么相邻的换挡拨叉的定位件的壳体或套筒就被无间隙地保持塞入在相应的槽内。
通过本发明的将定位件整合在换挡拨叉中的理念和将定位件附加应用于锁止不需要的换挡拨叉，取消设置单独的构件以用于将换挡装置的各两个换挡拨叉的相互锁止的必要性。
本发明的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置特别是适合于双离合器变速器，其中在每个分变速器中设置两个换挡拨叉。也可能的是，将本发明的应用在传统的手动变速器中。
附图说明
本发明接下来借助于附图示例地详细阐述，其示出按照本发明构成的换挡拨叉、定位轮廓和锁止片的示意透视图。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出两个换挡拨叉1、1′，其分别具有设置在合适的容纳部2中的定位件3、3′。与相应的定位件3、3′对应的定位轮廓5、5′安装在一个不可运动的变速器区域、例如壳体4内。定位件3、3′可以构成为组合部件，或由套筒、定位弹簧和销或球体构成。
如由附图可见，设置一个配备给换挡拨叉1、1′的可旋转地支承的锁止片6，其旋转点设置在相邻的换挡拨叉1、1′的两个定位轮廓5、5′之间，其中锁止片6在每个端部上具有一个槽7、7′用于容纳定位件3、3′的壳体或套筒。
当换挡拨叉1、1′处于中性位置时，中性位置的锁定(Neutralrastierung)通过定位件3、3′和相应的定位轮廓5、5′之间的作用连接实现。在此通过定位弹簧的力，定位件3、3′被压入相应的定位轮廓5、5′中，从而在无力作用时不能接入任何挡位。锁止片6在此如此布置和设计尺寸，使得定位件3、3′的壳体或套筒部分地位于锁止片6的相应的槽7、7′中；此外锁止片6通过未示出的弹簧元件被保持在该位置上。
当现在换挡拨叉1被操作时，与该换挡拨叉连接的定位件3由于换挡拨叉的运动和受到定位轮廓5的几何形状的限制而克服定位弹簧的力被由定位轮廓5压出，并且实施一个轴向运动。
锁止片6根据本发明如此成型，即，定位件3的轴向运动导致锁止片6克服锁止片6的弹簧元件的力而进行旋转运动，使得锁止片6的槽7′朝向未被操作的换挡拨叉1′的定位件3′运动和将其完全容纳，其中只要定位件3未返回中性位置，那么相邻的换挡拨叉1′的定位件3′的壳体或套筒就被无间隙地保持塞入在相应的槽7′内，由此将换挡拨叉1′锁止。
当然，本发明的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置的构件的任何结构构造、特别是任何空间布置本身以及相互之间只要在技术上是有意义的，都处于权利要求的保护范围内，而不影响在权利要求书中给出的装置的功能，即使这种构造在附图和说明书中未详尽描述。
附图标记清单
1 换挡拨叉1′换挡拨叉
2 容纳部
3 定位件3′定位件
4 壳体
5 定位轮廓5′定位轮廓
6 锁止片
7槽    7′槽

Claims (4)

1.用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉(1，1′)的装置，该装置对于每个换挡拨叉(1，1′)而言都具有一个定位件(3，3′)，所述定位件除了用于定位换挡拨叉(1，1′)之外，还用于锁止换挡拨叉(1，1′)，其特征在于，所述定位件(3，3′)设置在换挡拨叉(1，1′)的容纳部(2)内，所述定位件(3，3′)为了实现定位而与安装在不可运动的变速器区域内的定位轮廓(5，5′)共同作用，并且在两个相邻的换挡拨叉(1，1′)的两个定位轮廓(5，5′)之间可旋转地设置一配备给换挡拨叉(1，1′)的锁止片(6)，该锁止片在每个端部上具有一个槽(7，7′)用于容纳换挡拨叉的定位件(3，3′)的壳体或套筒，其中所述锁止片(6)如此布置和设计尺寸，使得在换挡拨叉(1，1′)的中性位置定位件(3，3′)的壳体或套筒部分地位于锁止片(6)的相应的所述槽(7，7′)中，所述锁止片(6)如此成型，使得被操作的换挡拨叉(1)的定位件(3)在离开定位轮廓(5)之后的轴向运动导致锁止片(6)的旋转运动，使得只要所述被操作的换挡拨叉(1)的定位件(3)未返回中性位置，那么相邻的换挡拨叉(1′)的定位件(3′)的壳体或套筒就被无间隙地保持压入在相应的槽(7′)内，由此将换挡拨叉(1′)锁止。
2.如权利要求1所述的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置，其特征在于，换挡拨叉(1，1′)的定位件(3，3′)构成为组合部件。
3.如权利要求1所述的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置，其特征在于，换挡拨叉(1，1′)的定位件(3，3′)由套筒、定位弹簧和销构成，或者换挡拨叉(1，1′)的定位件(3，3′)由套筒、定位弹簧和球体构成。
4.如上述权利要求任一项所述的用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置在双离合器变速器中的应用。
CN2008801072404A 2007-09-18 2008-09-11 用于定位和锁止变速器的换挡装置的换挡拨叉的装置及其应用 Expired - Fee Related CN101802463B (zh)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102007044519A DE102007044519A1 (de) 2007-09-18 2007-09-18 Einrichtung zur Rastierung und Verriegelung von Schaltschwingen einer Schalteinrichtung eines Getriebes
DE102007044519.0 2007-09-18
PCT/EP2008/062026 WO2009037175A1 (de) 2007-09-18 2008-09-11 Einrichtung zur rastierung und verriegelung von schaltschwingen einer schalteinrichtung eines getriebes und verwendung einer solchen einrichtung

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CN101802463A CN101802463A (zh) 2010-08-11
CN101802463B true CN101802463B (zh) 2013-07-17

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US8539851B2 (en) * 2010-09-14 2013-09-24 Lawrence Andrew Hoffman Modular automatic transmission shift device
CN104913054A (zh) * 2015-05-27 2015-09-16 杭州前进齿轮箱集团股份有限公司 一种用于电动汽车的换挡互锁杆结构
EP4001706B1 (en) * 2020-11-23 2024-02-21 Volvo Truck Corporation An interlocking device for a transmission

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US3264894A (en) * 1963-10-04 1966-08-09 Gen Motors Corp Transmission controls
US3444752A (en) * 1967-03-30 1969-05-20 Borg Warner Transmission shift control mechanism
DE1780027A1 (de) * 1968-07-24 1971-12-30 Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen Getriebe fuer Kraftfahrzeuge
US6026702A (en) * 1998-02-04 2000-02-22 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Operating device with single-shaft actuation
WO2005043010A1 (de) * 2003-11-03 2005-05-12 Zf Friedrichshafen Ag Schalteinrichtung für ein mehrstufiges schaltgetriebe

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EP2188552A1 (de) 2010-05-26
US8272287B2 (en) 2012-09-25
WO2009037175A1 (de) 2009-03-26
CN101802463A (zh) 2010-08-11
EP2188552B1 (de) 2011-11-16
DE102007044519A1 (de) 2009-03-19
US20110048155A1 (en) 2011-03-03
KR101411557B1 (ko) 2014-06-25
KR20100054808A (ko) 2010-05-25
ATE533978T1 (de) 2011-12-15

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