CN101917112B - Remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling - Google Patents

Abstract

The remote automatic control speed-adjustable disc magnetic coupling relates to the field of transmission technology in mechanical engineering. It consists of a micro motor, a deceleration mechanism, a double-head screw, and a speed controller; the micro motor is installed on the driven shaft of the magnetic coupling driven disc assembly, and the deceleration mechanism is installed on the output shaft of the micro motor. The speed controller controls the rotation of the micro motor and drives the double-ended threaded screw to rotate through the reduction mechanism. Since the screw threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded screw are opposite in direction, when the double-ended threaded screw rotates around its own axis, the base body of the driven plate assembly and the right driven plate will face or face each other along the driven shaft of the magnetic coupling. The back moves, thereby simultaneously changing the size of the air gap between the two sets of driven discs and the driving disc.

Description

Remote automatic control adjustable speed disc magnetic coupling

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of transmission in mechanical engineering, and is a non-contact coupling magnetic coupling that can be remotely and automatically controlled. It is applied to the power transmission between a large vibration motor and a load and the transmission system of other devices.

Background technique

In the field of mechanical engineering, the coupling is an important part of the mechanical transmission system. It is called one of the three major devices in the mechanical transmission. It is widely used in various fields of the mechanical industry and is widely used in mines, Metallurgy, aviation, weapons, hydropower, chemical industry, textile and transportation sectors. Since the mechanical coupling is a rigid connection and mechanical force transmits torque, the axial offset will generate restoring force and moment during installation, and these forces and moments increase the load on adjacent components (shafts, bearings); radial And angular offset will produce alternating loads and cause vibration, which will reduce the life of the coupling in the slightest, and affect the normal operation of the equipment in severe cases. In addition, when the motor is started under load, because the rotating magnetic field of the motor reaches the synchronous speed in an instant, and the rotor of the motor drives the load, the speed gradually reaches the rated speed from zero. When the rotor speed of the motor is low, a large induction current will be induced in the rotor of the motor, which will cause the motor to heat up rapidly, and even burn out the motor coil and cause the motor to fail.

Since the magnetic coupling is a non-contact connection, it can effectively solve the problems of restoring force and moment generated by the axial offset of the mechanical coupling during installation, and vibration caused by radial and angular offset. Therefore, in some high-torque vibration fields, magnetic couplings have gradually replaced mechanical couplings to transmit torque and power. However, ordinary magnetic couplings cannot solve the problem of motor heating and even failure when the motor load is started. How to realize the low-load start of the motor and the soft start of the full-load operation is currently an important research topic in the motor drive technology.

The invention patent 200910263064.X proposed by Jiangsu University on October 26, 2009 discloses an adjustable speed magnetic induction coupling. The loss of transmission parts; the deep groove embedded copper plate (strip) structure is adopted, and after the deep groove skin effect is generated, the transmitted torque is improved; at the same time, the air gap between the main and driven discs is manually adjusted through the speed regulating device to realize the rotation speed. The torque output speed is adjustable. However, the magnetic coupling of the present invention is inconvenient to operate through manual adjustment, the adjustment accuracy is not high, the error will be relatively large, the structure is more complex, and it is difficult to apply in some space restrictions.

The present invention designs a new type of remote automatic control adjustable speed disc magnetic coupling. The air gap between the master and slave discs of the magnetic coupling can be adjusted very conveniently and accurately, and even the master and slave discs of the magnetic coupling can be remotely adjusted. The size of the air gap between them can improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetic coupling, and the adjustable speed disc magnetic coupling will make the magnetic coupling more widely used.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a new type of remote automatic control adjustable speed disc magnetic coupling, improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetic coupling, and at the same time solve the problem of motor heating and even failure due to excessive induction current when the motor load is started.

The speed-adjustable magnetic coupling device is shown in Figure 1, which is composed of a driving disc assembly, a driven disc assembly and a speed regulating device assembly. It is characterized in that the speed regulating device assembly of the present invention is composed of a micro-motor, a speed reduction mechanism, a double-head screw, and a speed regulating controller. The micro-motor is installed on the driven shaft of the magnetic coupling driven plate assembly, the reduction mechanism is installed on the output shaft of the micro-motor, the speed controller controls the rotation of the micro-motor and drives the double-head threaded screw to rotate through the reduction mechanism, and the double-headed threaded screw rotates. The left and right ends of the double-ended threaded screw are respectively threaded with the left and right driven plate bases of the driven plate assembly. Since the threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded screw rotate in opposite directions, when the double-ended threaded screw rotates around its own axis, the The left and right driven disc bases of the driven disc assembly will move toward or away from the driven shaft of the magnetic coupling, thereby simultaneously changing the size of the air gap between the two sets of driven discs and the driving disc. In addition, the driven disc adopts a deep-groove embedded copper plate (strip) structure, which greatly improves the efficiency of the magnetic coupling, making the magnetic coupling more compact and smaller in size.

The double-head thread screw designed by the present invention adopts the form of double-lead threads with opposite directions of rotation at both ends, which not only realizes the requirements of the transmission direction, but also eliminates the side clearance between the threads to improve the precision of the displacement of the transmission. When the double-headed threaded screw rotates around the axis for a certain angle α, the left and right driven disk bases will move a certain displacement S through the screw pair transmission. The rotary motion of the double-headed threaded screw driven by the micro motor is continuous motion, and the pitch of the transmission thread is precise, so the displacement value of the left and right driven disk substrates is also a continuous value. The requirement that the air gap change continuously at any time. The traditional ordinary thread pitch coefficient can find the corresponding value according to the nominal diameter of the thread, but the displacement of the two driven discs driven by the double-head thread screw of the present invention is very small, and a thread pitch value needs to be specially processed to be designed within the range of 0.5mm-1mm The threaded screw to meet the requirements of small displacement changes.

Advantages of the present invention:

The driving disc and the driven disc are non-contact, and the two discs realize the transmission of torque through the interaction of the air gap magnetic field, which avoids the problems of restoring force, torque and vibration during mechanical coupling transmission, and reduces the loss of transmission components; At the same time, the load is separated from the motor, and the size of the air gap between the master and slave disks can be adjusted through the speed control device, which can not only realize the soft start of the motor, but also effectively solve the problem of motor heating and even failure when the motor load starts, and can realize load fluctuations And high-efficiency transmission under different loads.

The driven disc adopts a deep groove embedded copper plate (strip) structure, which can use the skin effect to greatly improve the ability of the magnetic coupling to transmit torque, greatly improve the efficiency of the magnetic coupling, and make the structure of the magnetic coupling more compact. Smaller size.

The speed regulating device is composed of a micro-motor, a speed reduction mechanism, a double-head threaded screw, and a speed regulating controller. The micro motor is fixedly installed on the driven shaft, and the left and right driven disc bases form a clearance fit with the driven shaft to ensure that the left and right driven disc bases move left and right along the axis of the driven shaft, and the distance between the left drive disc base and the left driven disc base The adjustment of the gap and the gap between the base body of the right driving disc and the base body of the right driven disc is adjusted by controlling the micro-motor through the speed controller, so as to realize the speed adjustment of the shaft coupling.

The speed regulating device has simple structure, convenient and reliable adjustment, and remote timely automatic adjustment can be adopted when some space is limited.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment the present invention will be further described

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the adjustable speed disc magnetic coupling device assembly

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the adjustable speed magnetic coupling system of the embodiment of the present invention

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of fan-shaped copper plates (strips) on the end surface of the driven disk base

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of rectangular copper plates (strips) on the end face of the driven disk base

Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of permanent magnets on the end surface of the active disk base

Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the deep groove structure

Figure 1: I, drive plate assembly II, driven plate assembly III, speed control device assembly

The label among Fig. 2 represents respectively: 1, driving shaft; 2, sleeve I; 3, left drive plate base body; 4, left drive plate permanent magnet; 5, left driven plate base body; 6, double-ended thread screw; 7. Speed reduction mechanism; 8. Micro motor; 9. Sleeve II; 10. Right driven plate base; 11. Right drive plate permanent magnet; 12. Right drive plate base; 13. Driven shaft; 14. Support seat; 15. Bearing; 16. Sleeve III; 17. Bolt; 18. Coupling; 19. Output shaft; 20. Speed controller; 21. Right driven plate copper plate (strip); 22. Left driven plate copper plate (Article);; 23, spring; 24, screw

The labels in Figures 3 and 4 respectively represent: 22, left driven plate copper plate (strip); 5, left driven plate substrate; 25, copper cladding

The labels in Fig. 5 respectively represent: 4, the permanent magnet of the left drive disk; 3, the substrate of the left drive disk

Detailed ways:

The structure of Embodiment 1 of the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The device mainly includes: a driving disc assembly I, a driven disc assembly II and a speed regulating device assembly III. The driving disc assembly I is connected to the driving shaft 1; the driven disc assembly II is installed on the driven shaft 13; the speed regulating device assembly III is fixed on the driven disc assembly II. Drive disc assembly 1 mainly comprises sleeve 1 (2), left drive disc base body 3, right drive disc base body 12, left drive disc permanent magnet 4 and right drive disc permanent magnet 11; Left drive disc permanent magnet 4 and right drive disc The permanent magnets 11 are respectively pasted on the end faces of the left drive plate base body 3 and the right drive plate base body 12; the driven plate assembly (II) mainly includes the left driven plate base body 5, the right driven plate base body 10, and the right driven plate copper plate (bar) 21, the left driven disk copper plate (bar) 22, surrounded by copper cladding in the circumferential direction, forming a current loop, the left driven disk base body 5 and the right driven disk base body 10 are installed on the driven shaft 13 to form a clearance fit , can move axially along the driven shaft 13. The speed regulating device assembly (III) is made up of reduction mechanism 7, micro-motor 8, double-ended thread screw 6 and speed regulating controller 20. Micromotor 8 can adopt stepping motor or servo motor etc., reduction mechanism 7 can adopt devices such as worm gear transmission or gear transmission, when reduction mechanism 7 adopts worm gear transmission, worm screw and double-ended screw screw 6 are welded as one, worm gear Installed on the output shaft of the micro motor 8, it drives the worm and drives the double-ended screw screw 6 to rotate. When the reduction mechanism 7 adopts gear transmission, a pair of bevel gears is used, one of which is connected to the output shaft of the micro-motor 8, and the other bevel gear is welded together with the double-ended screw screw 6, and the two bevel gears Through gear meshing, when micromotor 8 drives the bevel gear that is connected with the output shaft of micromotor 8 to rotate, this bevel gear drives another bevel gear through gear meshing and drives double-ended thread screw 6 to rotate.

Working principle: when the driving shaft 1 drives the magnetic coupling left drive plate base 3 and right drive plate base 12 to rotate, since the left drive plate base 3 and the right drive plate base 12 are pasted with the left drive plate permanent magnet 4 and the right drive plate respectively The permanent magnet 11, the left driven disc copper plate (bar) 22 and the right driven disc copper plate (bar) 21 on the left driven disc base body 5 and the right driven disc base body 10 of the magnetic coupling will generate an induced current. The magnetic field generated by the induced current on the right driven plate copper plate (bar) 21 and the left driven plate copper plate (bar) 22 interacts with the magnetic field of the right drive plate permanent magnet 11 and the left drive plate permanent magnet 4 to generate electromagnetic torque respectively, Drive the driven disk base body 5 and the driven disk base body 10 to rotate.

Because the micromotor 8 is installed on the driven shaft 13, the reduction mechanism 7 is installed on the output shaft of the micromotor 8. When the micromotor 8 is in operation, the double-head screw screw 6 is driven by the reduction mechanism 7 to rotate while driving the left driven disk. The base body 5 and the right driven disc base body 10 rotate around the driven shaft 13, and the motion and power are output through the shaft coupling 18 at the shaft end of the driven shaft 13.

The principle of speed regulation: when the speed difference between the main and driven discs of the magnetic coupling is constant, the electromagnetic torque between the main and driven discs of the magnetic coupling is related to the size of the air gap between the corresponding main and driven discs, increasing the air gap The electromagnetic torque decreases, on the contrary, the electromagnetic torque increases when the air gap is reduced. Therefore, in order to achieve the electromagnetic torque required by the load under a certain speed difference between the master and slave discs, it can be realized by adjusting the size of the air gap between the master and slave discs. In this embodiment, instructions can be issued by the speed controller 20 to make the micromotor 8 rotate forward or reversely, and the micromotor 8 drives the double-ended threaded screw 6 to rotate forward or reversely through the reduction device 7, and the double-ended threaded screw 6 The left and right ends of the driven plate assembly are respectively threaded with the left driven plate base body 5 and the right driven plate base body 10. Since the screw threads at both ends of the double-ended threaded screw 6 are in the opposite direction, when the double-ended threaded screw 6 winds When the self-axis rotates, the driven plate assembly 5 and the right driven plate base 10 will move toward or away from the driven shaft 13 of the magnetic coupling, thereby changing the air gap between the two sets of driven plates and the driving plate at the same time Size, to achieve the purpose of speed regulation.

Specific speed regulation operation process: In order to realize the soft start of the motor, before the motor is started, the speed regulation controller 20 sends an instruction to make the micro motor 8 rotate forward or reverse to drive the two driven plates to move towards each other, so that the drive between the main and driven plates The air gap between them is the largest, and the load on the motor rotor is the smallest. After the motor is started, the speed control controller 20 sends instructions to control the rotation of the micro-motor 8, adjusts the size of the air gap between the main and driven discs, gradually increases the load on the motor to achieve soft start, and at the same time, the speed of the driven disc of the magnetic coupling will decrease Gradually increase, and finally reach a certain speed requirement, in order to improve the transmission efficiency of the magnetic coupling. When there is a large load fluctuation during the working process of the magnetic coupling, the speed control controller can also issue instructions to control the rotation of the micro motor 8, adjust the size of the air gap between the main and driven discs, and make the magnetic coupling driven The disk speed reaches the speed requirement. Before the motor stops working, send instructions through the speed controller to control the rotation of the micro motor 8, gradually increase the size of the air gap between the main and driven discs of the magnetic coupling, reduce the load torque on the motor rotor, and realize the soft stop of the motor .

Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, a rotational speed or torque sensor can be added to the drive shaft 1 and output shaft 19 of the adjustable-speed magnetic induction coupling to sample the drive shaft 1 and output shaft 19 of the magnetic coupling in real time Speed or torque signal, and send the signal to the central control unit in the speed controller. After the central control unit analyzes and processes these signals, it sends an instruction to control the forward or reverse rotation of the micro motor through the speed controller 20, so that The speed difference between the main and driven discs is within the specified range. The rotational speed difference requirement between the main and driven discs can be set in the speed controller.

Claims (6)

1. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling; Be made up of driving-disc assembly (I), clutch drived disk assy (II) and speed regulating device assembly (III), it is characterized in that: speed regulating device assembly (III) is made up of micromachine (8), reducing gear (7), double thread leading screw (6), speed setting controller (20); Micromachine (8) is installed on the driven shaft (13) of magnetic coupling clutch drived disk assy (II); Reducing gear (7) is installed on micromachine (8) output shaft; Speed setting controller (20) control micromachine (8) rotates and drives double thread leading screw (6) through reducing gear (7) and rotates; The right ends of double thread leading screw (6) is threaded with the left clutch plate matrix (5) and the right clutch plate matrix (10) of clutch drived disk assy respectively; Because the thread rotary orientation at double thread leading screw (6) two ends is opposite; When double thread leading screw (6) during around the rotation of self axis, left clutch plate matrix (5) and right clutch plate matrix (10) can be along the driven shaft (13) of magnetic coupling clutch drived disk assy (II) in opposite directions or opposing mobile, thereby change the size of gaps between two groups of clutch plates and the driving disc spacing pressing simultaneously.

2. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said double thread leading screw (6) thread pitch value designs at 0.5mm-1mm.

3. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: said reducing gear (7) is worm and gear transmission or gear drive.

4. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: when said reducing gear (7) is the worm and gear transmission; Worm screw and double thread leading screw (6) are welded as a whole; Worm gear is installed on micromachine (8) output shaft, drives worm screw and drive double thread leading screw (6) to rotate.

5. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 3; It is characterized in that: when said reducing gear (7) is gear drive; Adopt a pair of angular wheel; One of them angular wheel is connected with the output shaft of micromachine (8), and another angular wheel and double thread leading screw (6) are welded as a whole, and pass through gears engaged between two angular wheels; When micromachine (8) drove the angular wheel rotation that is connected with the output shaft of micromachine (8), this angular wheel drove another angular wheel and drives double thread leading screw (6) through gears engaged and rotates.

6. remote automatic control adjustable-speed disc magnetic coupling as claimed in claim 1; It is characterized in that: driving shaft (1) and output shaft (19) at said adjustable-speed magnetic induction coupler are gone up increase rotating speed or torque sensor; Gather the signal that driving shaft (1) and output shaft (19) are gone up rotating speed or torque in real time; And signal passed to the central control unit in the speed setting controller; Behind these signals of central control unit analyzing and processing,, make that speed discrepancy reaches within the scope of regulation between principal and subordinate's Moving plate through speed setting controller (20) control micromachine (8) forward or reverse.

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