CN102071926A - Method and device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and method and device for controlling same - Google Patents
Method and device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and method and device for controlling same Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and a device for measuring full-hole annular pressure and a method and a device for controlling the same. The device for measuring the full-hole annular pressure comprises a pressure measurement nipple, a measurement while drilling (MWD) tool, a ground receiving unit, a drilling fluid density generating unit, a cyclic pressure consumption generating unit, a drilling fluid flow generating unit, a pressure distribution information generating unit and a pressure distribution information output unit, wherein the pressure measurement nipple is used for measuring the annular pressure; the MWD tool is used for measuring an orientation parameter and transmitting the measured data to ground; the ground receiving unit is used for receiving underground uploaded data; the drilling fluid density generating unit generates equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to back pressure and static annular pressure; the cyclic pressure consumption generating unit generates annular cyclic pressure consumption according to the back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit generates annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular cyclic pressure consumption and a hydraulic model; and the pressure distribution information generating unit generates annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the back pressure and the like. The problem of annular pressure distribution data-based fine pressure control drilling operation is solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a dynamic borehole annulus pressure distribution measurement technology in petroleum and natural gas drilling completion operation, in particular to a real-time borehole annulus pressure monitoring and full-interval dynamic annulus pressure distribution measurement technology in pressure-controlled drilling, and specifically relates to a full-interval annulus pressure measurement method and device, and a control method and device.
Background
Managed pressure drilling is a self-adaptive drilling process that accurately controls the pressure distribution of the whole borehole annulus through a closed-loop system during the drilling process. The pressure control well is returned to the wellhead from the wellhead to the water hole through the bottom of the well and from the annulus to the wellhead to form a closed loop system, and compared with a system for independently adjusting the density of the drilling fluid and the discharge capacity of a drilling fluid pump, the system has stronger and more accurate borehole pressure distribution control capacity. The pressure control drilling takes a circulating fluid system as a pressure container, and the annular pressure of an open hole section is between pore pressure (or collapse pressure) and fracture pressure through fine adjustment of the annular pressure, so that the requirement of drilling in a narrow pressure window of a complex stratum is met, a target layer is safely drilled, the non-production time is shortened, and the drilling cost is reduced.
However, in the course of completing the present invention, the inventor found that in the prior art, the annular pressure distribution is calculated by using a rheological model to calculate the circulating pressure consumption, the annular pressure distribution is only calculated for one drilling fluid parameter, and the calculation result depends on the adopted rheological model and the adopted rheological parameter. In the actual drilling process, the change of the density of the drilling fluid, the difference of the density of fluids inside and outside the pipe, the fluctuation of the discharge capacity, the mechanical drilling speed, the rotating speed, rheological parameters and the like all affect the annular pressure. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain accurate annular pressure by purely relying on a model calculation method, and a real-time annular pressure distribution result cannot be provided.
In addition, in the prior art, the annular pressure distribution can also utilize an annular pressure measurement while drilling tool to measure the annular pressure point by point along with the change of the well depth in the drilling process. Although the method can accurately measure the annulus pressure value of a certain depth point in real time, the dynamic annulus pressure distribution data of the whole well section at a certain moment cannot be measured simultaneously.
Disclosure of Invention
The embodiment of the invention provides a full-interval annulus pressure measuring method and device, a control method and a control device, and aims to solve the problem of pressure-controlled drilling operation according to accurate annulus pressure distribution data.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for measuring annulus pressure in a full wellbore section, comprising: measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure; calculating to generate annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure; measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annulus drilling fluid according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model; calculating and generating full-well-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size; and outputting the whole well section annular pressure distribution information.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a full interval annulus pressure measurement device, comprising: the pressure measuring nipple is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular drilling fluid density and dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well hole size; and the pressure distribution information output unit outputs the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method for controlling a ring air pressure, the method comprising: measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure; calculating to generate annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure; measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annulus drilling fluid according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model; calculating and generating full-well-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size; and controlling and adjusting the dynamic annular pressure in the pressure-controlled drilling operation according to the annular pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an annular pressure control device, comprising: the pressure measuring nipple is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to ground back pressure, equivalent annular drilling fluid density and dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well hole size; and the annular pressure adjusting unit is used for controlling and adjusting the dynamic annular pressure in the pressure-controlled drilling operation according to the annular pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an annular pressure measuring device, comprising: the system comprises a pressure measurement nipple (PWD), a measurement while drilling tool (MWD) and a ground system, wherein the PWD is connected with the MWD, and the MWD is in communication connection with the ground system; wherein the PWD includes: the annular pressure sensor is used for measuring the static annular pressure in the state of suspending the circulation of the drilling fluid and measuring the dynamic annular pressure in the state of starting the circulation of the drilling fluid; the data transmission unit is used for uploading downhole measurement data containing static annular pressure and dynamic annular pressure to the MWD;
the MWD includes: the directional parameter measuring unit is used for measuring underground measurement data such as a well inclination angle, an azimuth angle and the like; a data receiving unit receiving data from the PWD and a ground control signal; and the data uploading unit is used for uploading various downhole measurement data to the ground.
The ground system includes: the ground receiving unit is used for receiving various underground measurement data uploaded by the MWD; the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the received static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to ground return pressure, equivalent annular drilling fluid density and received dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well hole size; and the pressure distribution information output device outputs the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method for calculating the annular pressure distribution by calculating the equivalent drilling fluid density and the displacement according to the actual measurement result of the PWD and the optimal drilling hydraulic model effectively measures the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of the whole well section, wherein the dynamic annular pressure distribution data are based on the real-time measurement and accord with the result of the physical law. The invention can describe the annular pressure distribution condition of the whole well section in time and accurately and better perform pressure control drilling operation according to the annular pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
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In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive exercise.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for measuring annulus pressure in a full wellbore interval according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a full interval annulus pressure measurement device in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a flow chart of an annulus pressure control method according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a flow chart of an annulus pressure control device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a PWD and MWD based full-interval annulus pressure measurement device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a closed fluid circulation system for pressure controlled drilling according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a flow chart of a method for measuring annulus pressure in a full wellbore section based on PWD and MWD according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1, the method for measuring the annulus pressure of the whole wellbore section of the present embodiment includes: measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation (step S101); measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure (step S102); calculating and generating annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure (step S103); measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid by using a rotational viscometer, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annular drilling fluid according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure consumption and the hydraulics model (step S104); calculating and generating full-well-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size (step S105); and outputting the full-wellbore annulus pressure distribution information (step S106). For example:
setting the measured annulus static pressure to be p when the drilling fluid circulation state is suspendedasCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbsThen, then
pas＝ρagh+pbs (1)
Where ρ isaThe equivalent drilling fluid density of the annulus is shown, h is the vertical depth of a measuring point of the sensor, and g is the gravity acceleration. Calculating the equivalent drilling fluid density rho of the annulus according to the (1)a。
When the circulation is recovered (the drilling fluid circulation state is started), setting the measured annular pressure as paCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbThen, then
pa＝ph+Δpa+pb (2)
Wherein p ishIs the liquid column pressure,. DELTA.paAnd annular circulation pressure loss is realized.
ph＝ρagh(L)(3)
According to the hydraulics principle, the basic formula of the annular space pressure loss calculation is as follows:
wherein v isaIs the average flow velocity of the annulus, L is the length of the well section, DhAnd DpRespectively, the borehole inner diameter and the drill string outer diameter.
f is a friction coefficient and is related to the Reynolds number of the drilling fluid during flowing, namely:
f＝F(Re)(5)
(5) in the formula, the drilling fluid has different calculation formulas of the friction coefficient f under different flowing states of laminar flow, turbulent flow, transitional flow and the like. The fluid state of the drilling fluid is judged by the Reynolds number ReIs determined by the size of (c).
Reynolds number R for different drilling fluid flow patternseThe calculation formula of (c) is also different.
Re＝G(ρa，va)(6)
The drilling fluid flow pattern can be determined by performing unary regression on various rheological modes (Bingham, power law, Hehm-bar, Carson and the like) by using the shear stress of a rotational viscometer under different shear rates, and selecting the rheological mode with large correlation coefficient to perform hydraulic calculation.
Wherein Q isaIs the annular flow.
Therefore, the calculation method and steps proposed by this embodiment are as follows:
calculating annular equivalent drilling fluid density rhoa: according to the static annular pressure p measured when drilling fluid is circulated in the suspension of drillingasAnd corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbsCalculating the density rho of the annular drilling fluid by the formula (1)a。
(II) calculating annular circulation pressure loss delta p of the measuring pointa: the vertical depth h (L) of the annulus measuring point L can be calculated according to the borehole inclination measurement data by a minimum curvature method or a curvature radius method and the like, and the annulus liquid column pressure p is calculated by a formula (3)h；
According to the circulation, the annular pressure is measured to be paCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbCalculating the annular circulation pressure loss delta p of the measuring point by the formula (2)a。
(III) calculating the actual annular drilling fluid flow Qa：
1. The drilling fluid flow pattern is optimized according to the reading measured at different rotating speeds of the rotational viscometer;
2. segmenting the annular space according to the borehole size and the drilling tool structure, and determining the annular space geometric parameter D of each segmenth、DpAnd L;
3. in a flow range, assume a flow QaCalculating the segmented annular circulation pressure loss delta p according to the formulas (3) to (7)aiFurther to obtain the total annular space circulating pressure loss delta paThe actual annular drilling fluid flow Q is completed by an iteration methodaUntil Δ p is calculatedaΔ p calculated from actual measurementaAre equal.
(IV) calculating the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L): according to different well depths L, well bore annular space size and drilling fluid density rhoaDrilling fluid flow rate QaGround return pressure pbEtc. to calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) variation with well depth.
And (V) checking the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section: from the calculated dynamic annular pressure distribution paAnd (L) judging whether the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section is in an allowable pressure range. If the pressure is not in the safe pressure range, the purpose of adjusting the dynamic annular pressure can be achieved by adjusting the ground back pressure, the pump discharge capacity or the drilling fluid density, the safe drilling is ensured, and the complex conditions and accidents in the well are avoided.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 2, the full-wellbore annulus pressure measurement device of the present embodiment includes: the pressure measurement nipple 101 is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; the drilling fluid density generating unit 102 is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit 103 is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground return pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit 104 is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit 105 is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size; and a pressure distribution information output unit 106 for outputting the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section. For example:
pressure measurement nipple 101 measures static annular pressure p when drilling suspension circulation drilling fluidas. The ground back pressure gauge measures the corresponding ground pipeline back pressure as pbsThe drilling fluid density generating unit 102 calculates the annular drilling fluid density rho according to the formula (1)a。
The vertical depth h (L) of the annulus measuring point L can be calculated according to the borehole inclination measurement data by a minimum curvature method or a curvature radius method and the like, and the annulus liquid column pressure p is calculated by a formula (3)h(ii) a According to the circulation, the pressure measurement nipple 101 measures the annular pressure as paCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbThe circulation pressure loss generation unit 103 calculates the annular circulation pressure loss Δ p of the measurement point according to the formula (2)a。
The drilling fluid flow generating unit 104 is used for calculating the actual annular drilling fluid flow QaWhich comprises the following steps:
1. the drilling fluid flow pattern is optimized according to the reading measured at different rotating speeds of the rotational viscometer;
2. segmenting the annular space according to the borehole size and the drilling tool structure, and determining the annular space geometric parameter D of each segmenth、DpAnd L;
3. in a flow range, assume a flow QaCalculating the segmented annular circulation pressure loss delta p by the formulas (3) to (6)aiFurther to obtain the total annular space circulating pressure loss delta paThe actual annular drilling fluid flow Q is completed by an iteration methodaUntil Δ p is calculatedaΔ p calculated from actual measurementaAre equal.
A pressure distribution information generating unit 105 for generating a drilling fluid density rho according to different well depths L, well bore annular space sizes and well bore annular space sizesaDrilling fluid flow rate QaGround return pressure pbEtc. to calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) variation with well depth.
The pressure distribution information output unit 106 outputs the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) output
The present embodiment can calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution p according to the pressure distribution information output unit 106aAnd (L) judging whether the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section is in an allowable pressure range. If not, the pressure can be adjusted by adjusting the surface back pressure, pump displacement or drilling fluid densityThe purpose of adjusting the dynamic annular pressure is achieved, safe drilling is guaranteed, and underground complex conditions and accidents are avoided.
Example 3
As shown in fig. 3, the method for controlling the annulus pressure according to the present embodiment includes: measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation (step S201); measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure (step S202); calculating and generating annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure (step S203); measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annular drilling fluid according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model (step S204); calculating and generating full-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size (step S205); and controlling and adjusting the dynamic annular pressure in the pressure control drilling operation according to the full well section annular pressure distribution information (step S206). The specific calculation method and steps proposed in this embodiment are as follows:
calculating annular equivalent drilling fluid density rhoa: according to the static annular pressure p measured when drilling fluid is circulated in the suspension of drillingasAnd corresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbsCalculating the density rho of the annular drilling fluid by the formula (1)a。
(II) calculating annular circulation pressure loss delta p of the measuring pointa: the vertical depth h (L) of the annulus measuring point L can be calculated according to the borehole inclination measurement data by a minimum curvature method or a curvature radius method and the like, and the annulus liquid column pressure p is calculated by a formula (3)h；
According to the circulation, the annular pressure is measured to be paCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbCalculating the annular circulation pressure loss delta p of the measuring point by the formula (2)a。
(III) calculating the actual annular drilling fluid flow Qa：
1. The drilling fluid flow pattern is optimized according to the reading measured at different rotating speeds of the rotational viscometer;
2. segmenting the annular space according to the borehole size and the drilling tool structure, and determining the annular space geometric parameter D of each segmenth、DpAnd L;
3. in a flow range, assume a flow QaCalculating the segmented annular circulation pressure loss delta p according to the formulas (3) to (7)aiFurther to obtain the total annular space circulating pressure loss delta paThe actual annular drilling fluid flow Q is completed by an iteration methodaUntil Δ p is calculatedaΔ p calculated from actual measurementaAre equal.
(IV) calculating the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L): according to different well depths L, well bore annular space size and drilling fluid density rhoaDrilling fluid flow rate QaGround return pressure pbEtc. to calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) variation with well depth.
And (V) checking the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section: from the calculated dynamic annular pressure distribution paAnd (L) judging whether the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section is in an allowable pressure range. If the pressure is not in the safe pressure range, the purpose of adjusting the dynamic annular pressure can be achieved by adjusting the ground back pressure, the pump discharge capacity or the drilling fluid density, the safe drilling is ensured, and the complex conditions and accidents in the well are avoided.
Example 4
As shown in fig. 4, the annular pressure control device of the present embodiment includes: the pressure measurement nipple 201 is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation; the drilling fluid density generating unit 202 is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit 203 is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit 204 is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit 205 is configured to calculate and generate full-wellbore-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data including the well depth and the wellbore size; and the annulus pressure adjusting unit 206 is used for controlling and adjusting the dynamic annulus pressure in the pressure-controlled drilling operation according to the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section. For example:
The vertical depth h (L) of the annulus measuring point L can be calculated according to the borehole inclination measurement data by a minimum curvature method or a curvature radius method and the like, and the annulus liquid column pressure p is calculated by a formula (3)h(ii) a According to the circulation, the annular pressure p is measured by the pressure measuring nipple 201aCorresponding ground pipeline back pressure is pbThe circulation pressure loss generation unit 203 calculates the annular circulation pressure loss Δ p of the measurement point according to the formula (2)a。
The drilling fluid flow generating unit 204 is used for calculating the actual annular drilling fluid flow QaWhich comprises the following steps:
1. the drilling fluid flow pattern is optimized according to the reading measured at different rotating speeds of the rotational viscometer;
2. segmenting the annular space according to the borehole size and the drilling tool structure, and determining the annular space geometric parameter D of each segmenth、DpAnd L;
3. in a flow range, assume a flow QaFrom (3)(6) Formula calculation of segmented annular circulation pressure loss delta paiFurther to obtain the total annular space circulating pressure loss delta paThe actual annular drilling fluid flow Q is completed by an iteration methodaUntil Δ p is calculatedaΔ p calculated from actual measurementaAre equal.
The pressure distribution information generating unit 205 generates the drilling fluid density ρ according to the different well depths L, the well bore annular space size, and the well bore annular space sizeaDrilling fluid flow rate QaGround return pressure pbEtc. to calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) variation with well depth. Output dynamic annular pressure profile pa(L)。
The annular pressure regulating unit 206 receives the dynamic annular pressure profile pa(L) and according to the dynamic annular pressure distribution paAnd (L) judging whether the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section is in an allowable pressure range. If the pressure is not in the safe pressure range, the purpose of adjusting the dynamic annular pressure can be achieved by adjusting the ground back pressure, the pump discharge capacity or the drilling fluid density, the safe drilling is ensured, and the complex conditions and accidents in the well are avoided.
Example 5
As shown in fig. 5, the annular pressure measuring device of the present embodiment includes: the system comprises a pressure measurement nipple 300(PWD), a measurement while drilling tool 400(MWD) and a surface system 500, wherein the PWD is connected with the MWD, and the MWD is in communication connection with the surface system 500; wherein the PWD includes: an annulus pressure sensor 301 for measuring the static annulus pressure in the suspended drilling fluid circulation state and measuring the dynamic annulus pressure in the started drilling fluid circulation state; a data transmission unit 302, configured to transmit downhole measurement data including static annulus pressure and dynamic annulus pressure to the MWD;
the MWD includes: the directional parameter measurement unit 401 is used for measuring data such as a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle; a data receiving unit 402 receiving data from the PWD and a ground control signal; and a data uploading unit 403 for uploading various downhole measurement data to the surface.
The ground system comprises 500: the surface receiving unit 501 is used for receiving various downhole measurement data uploaded by the MWD; the drilling fluid density generating unit 502 is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the received static annular pressure; the circulating pressure loss generating unit 503 is configured to calculate and generate annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground return pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, and the received dynamic annular pressure; the drilling fluid flow generating unit 504 is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulation pressure loss and the hydraulics model; the pressure distribution information generating unit 505 is configured to calculate and generate full-wellbore-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data including the well depth and the wellbore size; and a pressure distribution information output unit 506 for outputting the full-interval annulus pressure distribution information.
The annulus pressure measuring device of the embodiment calculates the full-wellbore section dynamic annulus pressure distribution condition by combining the real-time dynamic/static annulus pressure measurement result in the drilling process and the optimal rheological model so as to guide the regulation and control of MPD wellbore annulus pressure.
As shown in fig. 6, in addition to the conventional drilling equipment such as a drilling rig, the managed pressure drilling requires a closed fluid circulation system, and the basic configuration of the system comprises: the system comprises a choke manifold 13, a back pressure pump 12, a flow pipeline 14, a slurry replenishing tank 16, a solid control device 15, a slurry pool 17, a pressure gauge 10 and a slurry pump 11. In order to realize the measurement of the annulus pressure while drilling, a measurement while drilling system is required to be equipped in the well, and the basic configuration comprises the following steps: the device comprises a positive pulse generator 1, a driving short section 2, a battery barrel short section 3, a direction finder short section 4, an upper and lower data connector 5, a battery and circuit 6, a data playback interface 7, an annular pressure sensor 8, a water eye pressure sensor 9 (namely an in-column pressure sensor) and the like.
As shown in FIG. 7, the PWD is provided with an in-column pressure sensor and an annular pressure sensor for measuring the drilling fluid inside and outside the drill string respectivelyHydraulic fluid pressure. In the drilling process, under the condition of suspending drilling fluid circulation state such as drill pipe connection and the like, measuring static annular pressure P by utilizing an annular pressure sensoras(for calculating annulus drilling fluid equivalent density ρ)a) (ii) a Static column internal pressure P can be measured by using a drill column internal pressure sensoris(for calculating the equivalent density ρ of drilling fluid in the columni). After the pump is started and the circulation of the drilling fluid is recovered, the dynamic annular pressure p is measured by utilizing an annular pressure sensor and an in-column pressure sensor respectivelyadAnd dynamic column pressure pid. Firstly, the static and dynamic pressure data measured by the PWD are uploaded to the ground by using MWD, and the corresponding measured pipeline back pressure p of the ground is combinedbAnd finishing the correlation calculation. The calculation method comprises the steps of calculating the density of the equivalent annulus drilling fluid according to the actually measured static annulus pressure and the ground back pressure meter 10, then optimizing a rheological model according to the readings of the drilling fluid rotary viscometer measured under different rotating speeds, determining a corresponding circulating pressure consumption calculation formula, further obtaining the equivalent annulus circulating discharge capacity equal to the actually measured underground dynamic annulus pressure, and finally calculating the dynamic annulus pressure distribution data of the whole well section according to the data such as the actually measured well track data, the drilling tool structure and the well geometry. And then, determining whether to adjust ground back pressure, drilling fluid density or discharge capacity according to the pore pressure/collapse pressure and fracture pressure of the open hole section so as to ensure that the drilling operation is safely implemented, avoid the complex conditions and accidents in the well and quickly and smoothly drill the target layer. For example, in the present embodiment:
the annular pressure sensor 301 measures the static annular pressure p when drilling is suspended to circulate the drilling fluidas. Ground pipeline back pressure p corresponding to back pressure gauge measurementbsThe data transmission unit 302 will measure the static annular pressure pasThe measured data of the constant pressure is uploaded to MWD, and the density rho of the annular drilling fluid is calculated by the drilling fluid density generating unit 502 according to the formula (1)a。
The vertical depth h (L) of the annulus measuring point L can be calculated according to the borehole inclination measurement data by a minimum curvature method or a curvature radius method and the like, and the annulus liquid column pressure p is calculated by a formula (3)h(ii) a When circulating, is pressed by the annulusThe force sensor 301 measures the annular pressure paThe data transfer unit 302 will contain the measured annular pressure paUploading the measured data of the equal pressure to MWD, and if the back pressure of the corresponding ground pipeline measured by the back pressure meter is pbThe cyclic pressure loss generating unit 503 calculates the annular cyclic pressure loss Δ p of the measurement point according to the formula (2)a。
The drilling fluid flow generating unit 504 is used for calculating the actual annular drilling fluid flow QaWhich comprises the following steps:
1. the drilling fluid flow pattern is optimized according to the reading measured at different rotating speeds of the rotational viscometer;
2. segmenting the annular space according to the borehole size and the drilling tool structure, and determining the annular space geometric parameter D of each segmenth、DpAnd L;
3. in a flow range, assume a flow QaCalculating the segmented annular circulation pressure loss delta p by the formulas (3) to (6)aiFurther to obtain the total annular space circulating pressure loss delta paThe actual annular drilling fluid flow Q is completed by an iteration methodaUntil Δ p is calculatedaΔ p calculated from actual measurementaAre equal.
A pressure distribution information generating unit 505 for generating the drilling fluid density rho according to the well depth L, the well bore annular space size and the drilling fluid density rhoaDrilling fluid flow rate QaGround return pressure pbEtc. to calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) variation with well depth.
The pressure distribution information output unit 506 outputs the dynamic annular pressure distribution pa(L) output
The present embodiment can calculate the dynamic annular pressure distribution p according to the pressure distribution information output unit 506aAnd (L) judging whether the dynamic annular pressure of the open hole section is in an allowable pressure range. If the pressure is not in the safe pressure range, the purpose of adjusting the dynamic annular pressure can be achieved by adjusting the ground back pressure, the pump discharge capacity or the drilling fluid density, the safe drilling is ensured, and the complex conditions and accidents in the well are avoided。
The drilling operation is a complex process, physical quantities such as drilling fluid density, discharge capacity and the like closely related to annular pressure calculation are constantly changed along with time, and are influenced by well kick, well leakage, chip return efficiency and the like, so that reliable real-time data are difficult to obtain on the ground. The PWD alone can only accurately measure the annular pressure at a certain point in time, but cannot measure the dynamic annular pressure distribution data of the whole well section. As drilling progresses, the density, the displacement and the like of drilling fluid are changed, and the distribution of the annular pressure along with the well depth cannot be described according to the previous measurement results. The invention utilizes the actual measurement result of the PWD tool and combines with an optimal drilling hydraulic model to calculate the equivalent drilling fluid density and the discharge capacity and further calculate the annular pressure distribution, effectively solves the problems, can obtain the result which is based on real-time measurement and accords with the physical law, describes the annular pressure distribution condition of the whole well section more timely and accurately and better guides the pressure control drilling operation.
The principle and the implementation mode of the present invention are explained by applying specific embodiments in the embodiments of the present invention, and the above description of the embodiments is only used to help understanding the method and the core idea of the present invention; meanwhile, for a person skilled in the art, according to the idea of the embodiment of the present invention, there may be a change in the specific implementation manner, the application scope and the material, and in summary, the content of the present specification should not be construed as a limitation to the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A full-wellbore annulus pressure measurement method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation;
measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure;
calculating and generating annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure;
measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annular drilling fluid according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model;
calculating and generating the whole-well-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size;
and outputting the whole well section annular pressure distribution information.
2. A full wellbore annulus pressure measurement device, comprising:
the pressure measuring nipple is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation;
the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure;
the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure;
the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model;
the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size;
and the pressure distribution information output unit is used for outputting the full-well-section annular pressure distribution information.
3. A method for controlling the pressure of the annular air is characterized by comprising the following steps:
measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation;
measuring ground back pressure, and calculating to generate equivalent annulus drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annulus pressure;
calculating and generating annular circulation pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure;
measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the flow of the annular drilling fluid according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model;
calculating and generating the whole-well-section annular pressure distribution information according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size;
and controlling and adjusting the dynamic annular pressure in the pressure-controlled drilling operation according to the full well section annular pressure distribution information.
4. An annular air pressure control device, characterized in that, the device includes:
the pressure measuring nipple is used for measuring static annular pressure in a state of suspending drilling fluid circulation and measuring dynamic annular pressure in a state of starting drilling fluid circulation;
the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the static annular pressure;
the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground back pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the dynamic annular pressure;
the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model;
the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size;
and the annular pressure adjusting unit is used for controlling and adjusting the dynamic annular pressure in the pressure-controlled drilling operation according to the annular pressure distribution information of the whole well section.
5. The utility model provides an annular pressure measuring device, characterized by, the device include: the system comprises a pressure measurement short joint PWD, a measurement while drilling tool MWD and a ground system, wherein the PWD is connected with the MWD, and the MWD is in communication connection with the ground system; wherein,
the PWD includes:
the annular pressure sensor is used for measuring the static annular pressure in the state of suspending the circulation of the drilling fluid and measuring the dynamic annular pressure in the state of starting the circulation of the drilling fluid;
a data transmission unit for transmitting downhole measurement data including the static annulus pressure and the dynamic annulus pressure to the MWD;
the MWD includes:
the directional parameter measuring unit is used for measuring underground measurement data comprising a well inclination angle and an azimuth angle;
the data receiving unit is used for receiving the underground measurement data and the ground control signal from the PWD;
the data uploading unit is used for uploading the underground measurement data to the ground;
the ground system comprises:
the ground receiving unit is used for receiving underground measurement data uploaded by the MWD;
the drilling fluid density generating unit is used for measuring ground back pressure and calculating and generating equivalent annular drilling fluid density according to the ground back pressure and the received static annular pressure;
the circulating pressure loss generating unit is used for calculating and generating annular circulating pressure loss according to the ground return pressure, the equivalent annular drilling fluid density and the received dynamic annular pressure;
the drilling fluid flow generating unit is used for measuring the rheological property of the drilling fluid, determining a hydraulics model according to the rheological property of the drilling fluid, and calculating and generating the annular drilling fluid flow according to the equivalent annular drilling fluid density, the annular circulating pressure loss and the hydraulics model;
the pressure distribution information generating unit is used for calculating and generating the annulus pressure distribution information of the whole well section according to the equivalent annulus drilling fluid density, the annulus drilling fluid flow, the ground back pressure and the drilling data comprising the well depth and the well bore size;
and the pressure distribution information output unit is used for outputting the full-well-section annular pressure distribution information.
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