CN102216112B - 用于供电和充电的组合电力设备 - Google Patents

用于供电和充电的组合电力设备 Download PDF

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CN102216112B
CN102216112B CN200980145196.0A CN200980145196A CN102216112B CN 102216112 B CN102216112 B CN 102216112B CN 200980145196 A CN200980145196 A CN 200980145196A CN 102216112 B CN102216112 B CN 102216112B
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CN102216112A (zh
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鲁伊斯·德索萨
博里斯·布切兹
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Valeo eAutomotive France SAS
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from AC mains by converters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L15/00—Methods, circuits, or devices for controlling the traction-motor speed of electrically-propelled vehicles
    • B60L15/007—Physical arrangements or structures of drive train converters specially adapted for the propulsion motors of electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/51—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells characterised by AC-motors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/08—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
    • H02P6/14—Electronic commutators
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2220/00—Electrical machine types; Structures or applications thereof
    • B60L2220/50—Structural details of electrical machines
    • B60L2220/54—Windings for different functions
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2207/00—Details of circuit arrangements for charging or discharging batteries or supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
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    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于供电和充电的组合电力设备，其中所述设备包括交流电动机(6)、逆变器(2)、存储装置(5)、和使得能够由该逆变器(2)为电动机(6)供电或者使得能够由该逆变器(2)为存储装置(5)充电的开关装置(4)。该开关装置(4)被合并到该逆变器(2)中，并且对于该电动机(6)的每一相包括至少一个H形的电桥结构(3)。

Description

用于供电和充电的组合电力设备
技术领域
本发明涉及用于供电和充电的组合电力设备以及相关方法，并且本发明属于由可再充电的电池供电的电动机或交流发电机的领域。
有利地，本发明将在电池可以经由逆变器为电动机供电并且在电动车辆停止时被再充电的电动车辆的领域中得到应用。
但是，尽管被具体设计用于这样的应用，但是该设备和相关方法可被用于其它领域中，特别是在产生风力或水力型的能量的设备中。
背景技术
传统上，电动车辆具有高电压电池，其将直流电传送给逆变器，逆变器将此直流电转换成交流电，使得可以为电动机供电，而电动机将机动车设置在运动中。
为了对这些高电压电池再充电，已知的作法是为车辆安装机载充电设备，其基本上包括交流-直流变换器，使得可以将电力网络的交流电力整流以便为电池充电。有利地，该设备还包括直流-直流变换器，保证网络的电压电平与电池的电压电平匹配。
一方面供电系统的电子组件以及另一方面充电系统的电子组件都是昂贵的。此外，给电动机供电和给电池充电是在不同的阶段进行的，因此已经在申请EP0603778和WO97/08009提出，重复使用电动机的一部分以及用于为它供电的组件的一部分以便产生用于为电池充电的设备。
因此，用于为电池充电的设备使用逆变器形成交流-直流变换器并且使用电动机的绕组形成电感器。从为电动机供电模式到为电池充电模式的转变由电力接触器通过断开中性连接来执行。
但是，使用电力连接器的问题在于，为了传送电机的电流，它们的尺寸一定得非常大。具体地说，例如，由345V标称电池供电的50kW牵引系统可能需要均方根值为大约350A的电流以便提供最大转矩。如果转子堵转(block up)，此电流可能达到500A的峰值同时持续振荡和冲击，基于可应用标准的机动车辆可能遭受此振荡和冲击。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种使得可以通过使用电动机的元件和逆变器的元件为电动机供电并且为电池充电的设备和方法，以及使得该设备具有使得可以省去用于在供电和充电模式之间转变的电力接触器的结构。
因此，用于供电和充电的组合电力设备包括交流电动机、逆变器和蓄能装置，该设备还包括开关装置，使得可以或者允许由逆变器为电动机供电或者允许由逆变器为蓄能装置充电。开关装置被合并到逆变器中并且对于电动机的每个相包括至少一个H-电桥结构，使得可以在蓄能装置被充电时保持电动机的每个相的中性连接。
该电力设备还可以包括H电桥和蓄能装置之间的DC/DC(直流-直流)变换器，使得可以将外部供电网的电压与蓄能装置的特性匹配。
如果电动机是三相电动机，则该开关装置有利地包括三个H电桥。
可以提供锁定装置，使得可以在设备被加电时防止接入用于连接到外部网络的电力插座。
该电力插座还可以提供电力设备的接地。
本发明的另一个主题是用于上述设备的应用的组合供电和充电方法，包括步骤：控制所述至少一个H电桥的开关装置使得可以从用于为电动机供电的模式切换到用于为蓄能装置充电的模式，反之亦然。
在三相电动机的情况下，该方法可以包括步骤：在发生电动机的单相的缺失(lost)时，控制其它两相中的一相的逆变以便产生具有恒幅的单个旋转场。
附图说明
通过参考作为非限制的示例提供的附图阅读实施例的详细示例，本发明将得到更好的理解，其中：
图1表示根据本发明的在三相电动机中具有三相电力网络的设备的示范性实施例；
图2示意地表示在三相逆变器中单相网络的连接的示范性实施例；
图3示意地表示在三相逆变器中单相网络的连接的第二示范性实施例。
具体实施方式
主要参考图1，其表示根据本发明的设备1，具有逆变器2和开关装置4，开关装置4包括三个H电桥3、3′、3″。
此设备1被设计为工作在两个模式：
-供电模式，其中它为电动机6提供来自于电池5的交流电；
-充电模式，其中它通过使用电动机的绕组7作为电感器，从连接到连接器技术元件8的电力网络为电池5充电。
每个电桥3、3′、3″包括分布在标记为从A到F的桥臂上的四个开关12。H电桥与传统的三相电桥相比的优点在于，它的使用使得对于同一个电压，施加于电动机的该相的电压加倍，以使得尽管包括两倍数目的开关12，但是使用的硅的面积对于H电桥和传统的三相电桥将是相等的；这是因为相电流被除以二。
使用H电桥还使得可以减少由于开关引起的损耗。
设备1还包括部分示出的蓄能装置5、电动机6，电动机6的绕组7充当电感器。
设备1还包括连接器技术元件8，允许连接到三相电力网络电源插座。此连接器技术元件包括附图中未示出的锁定装置，使得可以在充电模式期间设备1被加电的时候防止接入电力插座。连接器技术元件8还与第二锁定装置(未示出)有关，该第二锁定装置防止在供电模式期间用户接入导体(其然后被加电)。电源插座还提供设备1的接地(未示出)。连接器技术元件8有利地包括电磁兼容滤波器和对被设计为连接到该电力网络的任何装置的传统的保护措施(未示出)。
从供电模式到充电模式的转变由控制电路9管理，控制电路9特别地驱动桥臂A到F的开关(在图1中，控制电路9和开关之间的连接没有示出以便更容易阅读该图)。在供电模式中，控制电路9以类似于标准控制的方式控制所有桥臂A、B、C、D、E和F产生三相电流。在充电模式中，仅仅控制桥臂B、D和F以及电机的电动机6的电感器7产生电压梯(voltageelevator)。
更确切地以及在本示例中，控制电路9以下面方式驱动桥臂A到F：
-在供电模式中，控制H电桥的每一个以便允许交流电流入电动机的相应相中。以传统方式协调流入电动机的三相的交流电使得电动机旋转。可以根据传统的正弦PWM(脉冲宽度调制)控制来驱动分支A和B的开关12(在本示例中，其是功率晶体管)。以同样方式但是彼此不同相地(优选地在三相电动机情况下是120°的相差)驱动另外两个H电桥。
-在三相充电模式中，桥臂A、C和E的每一个的两个开关断开，而桥臂B、D和F的开关则根据用于三相充电器的传统的交流电控制被驱动，以使得交流电穿过每个电感器7并且对所有相执行PFC(功率因数校正)功能。
控制电路9还可以允许电动机6操作在降级模式中。具体地说，如果在电动机6或逆变器2的故障之后某一相缺失，则控制电路9逆转电动机6的操作中的两个相中的一个的控制。此控制使得可以继续产生恒幅的单个旋转场而不产生逆变扭矩，这对于传统的三相设备是不可能的，在传统的三相设备中，相的缺失导致强烈的扭矩逆变。
参考图1，可以看出设备1还包括位于H电桥和蓄能装置5之间的DC/DC变换器10。DC/DC变换器10的使用使得可以匹配电压，因此在不降低性能的情况下优化逆变器的尺寸。具体地说，蓄能装置5的电压随它们的负载而变化，该变化是双倍的，DC/DC变换器10的使用使得逆变器2的尺寸可用于高电压，逆变器2必须允许电流量的一半通过。
图2示出了具有单相充电器的三相逆变器2。
在本示例中，控制电路9可以以下面方式驱动桥臂A到F：
-在供电模式中，控制与图1的设备的供电模式的控制相同(参见上面)。
-在充电模式中，不控制桥臂B、C、E和F，也就是说它们的开关12全部断开；并且根据用于单相充电器的传统的交流电控制来驱动桥臂A和D的开关，以使得整流后的交流电穿过每个电感器7，并且对相关相执行PFC功能。
图3还示出了具有单相充电器的三相逆变器。在此第二解决方案中，电力网络11经由桥式整流器连接到逆变器2。电力网络11由单相二极管电桥13整流。
在此示例中，控制电路9可以以下面方式驱动桥臂A到F：
-在供电模式中，控制与图1的设备的供电模式的控制相同(参见上面)；
-在充电模式中，不控制桥臂B、C、D、E和F，并且根据用于单相充电器的传统的交流电控制来驱动桥臂A的开关12部分，以使得整流后的交流电穿过每个电感器7，并且对相关相执行PFC功能。
在不脱离由以下权利要求书定义的本发明的范围的情况下，也可以预计本发明的其它特征。特别是，如上所述的设备可以延伸至对于电动机6的每个相具有H电桥结构的多相系统。

Claims (7)

1.一种用于供电和充电的组合电力设备，包括交流电动机(6)、逆变器(2)和蓄能装置(5)，该设备包括使得能够或者允许由该逆变器(2)为电动机供电或者允许由该逆变器(2)通过使用该电动机的绕组(7)作为电感器来为蓄能装置(5)充电的开关装置(4)，所述电力设备的特征在于，该开关装置(4)被合并到该逆变器(2)中，并且对于该电动机(6)的每一相包括至少一个H电桥结构(3、3′、3″)。
2.如权利要求1所述的电力设备，包括该H电桥(3、3′、3″)和该蓄能装置(5)之间的DC/DC变换器(10)，使得可以将外部供电网(11)的电压与该蓄能装置(5)的特性匹配。
3.如权利要求1所述的电力设备，其中该电动机(6)是三相电动机，该开关装置(4)包括三个H电桥。
4.如权利要求1所述的电力设备，包括锁定装置，使得可以在该设备被加电时防止接入用于连接到外部供电网(11)的电力插座。
5.如权利要求1所述的电力设备，其中电力插座提供该电力设备的接地。
6.一种应用于如前述权利要求中的任何一个所述的设备的组合供电和充电方法，包括步骤：控制至少一个H电桥(3)的开关装置(4)使得可以从用于为电动机(6)供电的模式切换到由逆变器(2)通过使用该电动机的绕组(7)作为电感器来用于为蓄能装置(5)充电的模式，以及从用于为蓄能装置(5)充电的模式切换到用于为电动机(6)供电的模式。
7.如权利要求6所述的组合供电和充电方法，包括步骤：在电动机(6)的一相发生缺失时，控制其它两相中的一相的逆变使得可以产生具有恒幅的单个旋转场。
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US8610383B2 (en) 2013-12-17
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