CN102242520A - Method for making Tibetan paper by hand - Google Patents

Abstract

A method for making Tibetan paper by hand relates to paper manufacturing technology, especially a method for making Tibetan paper by hand. The invention mainly solves the problems of limited output, destruction of vegetation ecology, low paper quality, environmental pollution and the like in the existing manual method of making Tibetan paper. The raw material of the present invention selects the endothelial stem endothelial stems of Daphneaceae and Rhizoma chamaejasma root, adds appropriate amount of potassium hydroxide in the cooking process, adds appropriate amount of cactus juice into the pulp as a dispersion enhancer, and uses appropriate amount of Coptis chinensis extract to treat the pulp according to the needs of yellowing. Whitening, raw material cooking and rinsing waste liquid is discharged after flue gas treatment. The invention inherits the raw materials and process characteristics of traditional Tibetan paper, and the production method is green and environmentally friendly. The Tibetan paper produced has good uniformity, moth-proof and mildew-proof, long-term preservation, flexibility and folding resistance, and a historical and heavy appearance. The Tibetan paper produced by this method can be used as an excellent material for the production of government documents, the printing of various classic scriptures and literary classics, and Tibetan cultural calligraphy.

Description

A method of making Tibetan paper by hand

Technical field

The invention relates to a paper manufacturing technology, in particular to a method for making Tibetan paper by hand.

Background technique

Tibetan paper is a general term for paper made by hand in Tibet and even the entire Tibetan-inhabited area. Tibetan paper production has a long history. Around 650 A.D., papermaking was introduced to Tibet from mainland China. The production process of Tibetan paper that has been passed down to the present is mainly divided into several major processes such as peeling, pounding, cooking, soaking, pounding, beating, and papermaking. In 1957, American scholar Hunter first introduced Tibetan paper. In 1979, Pan Jixing wrote a special chapter on Tibetan handmade paper in his monograph "History of Chinese Papermaking Technology", pointing out that the main raw material of Tibetan papermaking is chamaejasma. In 1994, Fang Jianchang published "A Brief Study of the History of Traditional Papermaking in Tibet", which mentioned that among the raw materials for papermaking in Tibet, there are bark and bamboo. In 2007, Qiangba Zunzhu's "New Tibetan Paper and Its Preparation Method", which uses chamaecha chamaejasma, bark of Jindong shrub, horse blue, wheat straw, sesame grass, alpine erythrhus bark and waste paper as raw materials, was authorized by the Chinese invention patent. In 2007, Li Xiaocen published the "Investigation of Tibetan Handmade Papermaking in Dege County, Sichuan and Nimu County, Tibet" in the "Journal of Chinese Science and Technology History", pointing out that the technological process of Tibetan papermaking is: root smashing-cleaning-layering-cooking-beating-pounding Slurry - pouring paper - exposing paper.

At present, the method of hand-made Tibetan paper is mainly characterized by using chamaejasma chamaejasma as the raw material, using the pouring paper method, and drying with one paper and one curtain. Due to the limited output of chamaejasma root bark, this production method has a bottleneck effect on the improvement of Tibetan paper production and cannot meet the needs of the market; while collecting chamaejasma root bark will cause serious damage to vegetation ecology; no dispersant and Dyeing agent, the Tibetan paper produced has poor hand feeling, poor uniformity, and single color; when cooking, stove ash or caustic soda is used as cooking agent, the removal efficiency of lignin in the former raw material is not high, and the cooking black liquor formed by the latter is harmful to the environment. The pollution is serious, and the pollution treatment technology is difficult and costly.

Contents of the invention

Tibetan paper is a traditional handicraft product of the Tibetan people, the crystallization of the wisdom and hard work of the Tibetan people, and a precious heritage worthy of our eternal inheritance and development. In order to overcome the contradiction between raw material collection and vegetation ecological protection in the existing Tibetan paper production, solve the problem of low lignin removal efficiency during cooking of Tibetan paper raw materials or serious environmental pollution from cooking black liquor, improve the handle and uniformity of Tibetan paper, enrich Tibetan paper chromatography can strengthen the anti-mildew and moth-proof performance of Tibetan paper, and timely rescue, inherit and develop the excellent traditional cultural undertakings of the Tibetan people. This invention provides a hand-made Tibetan paper on the basis of inheriting and maintaining traditional Tibetan paper making raw materials and process characteristics. The method of making Tibetan paper by hand can effectively alleviate the contradiction between raw material collection and vegetation ecological protection, effectively solve the problem of cooking efficiency and environmental pollution, and can improve the handle and uniformity of Tibetan paper, enrich the color spectrum of Tibetan paper, and strengthen the quality of Tibetan paper. Paper mildew and moth resistance.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the existing problems of Tibetan paper handmade is:

1. First use a wooden hammer to smash the stems and roots of Rhizoma daphnis to separate the skin from the inner stems. Use a knife to remove the black outer skin and wooden inner tendons of the stems and roots to obtain the inner skin fibrous tissue, and dry it for later use.

2. Put the stems of Daphne daphne and the inner skin of chamaejasma root into a clear water pool, soak for 2-5 days depending on the temperature, until they become soft, and then rinse.

3. Take 50-100 grams of rhizome rhizome of Coptis chinensis of Ranunculaceae plant per liter of water, wash and chop, soak in clean water for 24 hours, then heat and boil for 15 minutes, cool and stand for 2 hours, and then heat for 20-30 Minutes, after cooling, filter through gauze for later use.

4. After pricking, washing, pulverizing and beating the cactus, centrifuge to get the juice, and filter it with gauze for later use.

5. Mix 7 parts of the stem endothelium of Daphneaceae chamaejasme, 3 parts of the root of Daphneaceae chamaejasme, or 8 parts of the stem of Daphthylaceae chamaejasme, and 2 parts of the root of Daphneaceae chamaejasba root, mix them into the pot, and add about 1% concentration KOH, cook with a slow fire and normal pressure for about 4-6 hours.

6. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clear water, then put them into the pot, add KOH with a concentration of about 0.5%, and cook for about 2-3 hours under low heat and normal pressure for the second time.

7. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clean water, pound them in a stone mortar to make a coarse pulp, and then pound them in a butter barrel to make a fine pulp.

8. Add 0.5-1% cactus juice to the fine pulp in the butter barrel and mash well.

9. According to the degree of yellowing of Tibetan paper, add about 0.5-1% Coptis chinensis extract into the papermaking water tank and stir evenly.

10. Put a paper curtain made of a tight layer of gauze on the wooden frame with a size of about 0.66×0.50m, 1.0×0.7m, 1.0×1.2m, 1.4×2.1m or 1.6×3.2m and slowly put it in flat In the papermaking water tank, pour a proper amount of pulp into the papermaking curtain, and make the pulp fully and evenly disperse on the papermaking curtain, then take the papermaking curtain vertically from the paper tank and place it flat to drain the water.

11. Take the drained paper-making curtains to the sun and set up the brackets one by one for drying. Before the paper curtain is completely dry, the paper is peeled off from one corner of the paper curtain, and the paper is peeled off from the paper curtain to obtain the finished Tibetan paper.

12. Collect the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid in the waste liquid pool, introduce the flue gas generated by fuel combustion during cooking into the bottom of the waste liquid pool, and then discharge the flue gas from the top of the waste liquid pool after passing through the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid, and process 4 - Drain to waste after 6 hours.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The plants Beetleum and Chamaejasma are both Daphneaceae, chemical composition and fiber structure are very similar. The main raw material of Tibetan paper is to replace the bark of the stem of St. We use the stems of the weed flower, which will re-grow after felling, effectively reducing the serious damage to the vegetation ecology caused by the collection of raw materials.

2. Stove ash is used as the cooking agent during cooking. Since the content of potassium carbonate is small, the removal efficiency of lignin in the raw material is not high. Although the caustic soda used in the production of modern Tibetan paper has a high lignin removal efficiency, because the pulping black liquor contains a large amount of sodium ions, sodium is not an essential nutrient element for plants, and sodium ions entering the soil will cause soil salinization and lead to The deterioration of soil physical and chemical properties, the direct discharge of cooking black liquor and rinsing liquor will cause serious damage to the soil, and the cost of decontamination and treatment is high. When KOH is used instead of stove ashes or caustic soda as cooking agent, the lignin removal efficiency of raw materials is higher. The organic acid potassium formed by the reaction of organic acid in raw materials and KOH is organic fertilizer. The CO ₂ in the air reacts to form the commonly used fertilizer potassium carbonate, and SO ₂ , NO, NO ₂ etc. also form the chemical fertilizers K ₂ SO ₄ , KNO ₃ . Using flue gas for waste liquid treatment not only reduces air pollution caused by direct discharge of flue gas, but also converts waste liquid into fertilizer.

3. The slightly yellow Tibetan paper has a sense of dignity and historical heaviness. Dyeing with plant Coptis chinensis can avoid the use of artificial pigments. Coptis chinensis is a pure natural plant, the water extract is yellow, which plays the role of yellowing and whitening Tibetan paper. At the same time, the rhizome of Coptis chinensis is rich in various alkaloids such as berberine, which has strong insecticidal and bactericidal effects, and further enhances the anti-bacterial effect of Tibetan paper. Mildew and moth resistance.

4. The viscous juice of the cactus can make the pulp fiber evenly disperse in the papermaking tank, reduce fiber flocculation, facilitate the paper fiber to be evenly matched from front to back, up, down, left, and right, and improve and strengthen the handle, uniformity, flexibility and strength of the finished Tibetan paper . At the same time, cactus is rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids, all of which are chemical components that inhibit spoilage bacteria, which is conducive to the long-term preservation of Tibetan paper.

Description of drawings

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of the technical process of making Tibetan paper by hand.

Fig. 2 is a schematic block diagram of the process flow of flue gas treatment of cooking and rinsing waste liquid.

In Fig. 2, 1. Digester, 2. Blower, 3. Cooking and rinsing waste liquid, 4. Flue gas, 5. Waste gas conveying pipeline, 6. Purified gas, 7. Treated waste liquid, 8. Valve.

Detailed ways

Embodiment 1: Handmade Tibetan paper of the present invention is carried out by the following method.

1. First use a wooden hammer to smash the stems and roots of Rhododendron chinensis to separate the skin from the inner stems. Use a knife to remove the black outer skin and woody inner tendons of the stems and roots to obtain the inner skin fibrous tissue, and dry it for later use.

2. Put the stems of Daphne daphne and the inner skin of chamaejasma root into a clear water pool, soak for 2-5 days depending on the temperature, until they become soft, and then rinse.

3. Take about 50 grams of dry rhizomes of Coptidis Rhizome of Ranunculaceae plant per liter of water, wash, chop, soak in water for 24 hours, then heat and boil for 15 minutes, cool and stand for 2 hours, and then heat for 20-30 minutes , after cooling, gauze filter for later use.

4. After pricking, washing, pulverizing and beating the cactus, centrifuge to get the juice, and filter it with gauze for later use.

5. Mix 7 parts of the inner bark of the stalks of Daphneaceae chinensis and 3 parts of the inner bark of the root of Daphneaceae chamaejasma root into the pot, add about 1% KOH, and cook for about 4-6 hours under low heat and normal pressure.

6. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clear water, then put them into the pot, add KOH with a concentration of about 0.5%, and cook for about 2-3 hours under low heat and normal pressure for the second time.

7. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clean water, pound them in a stone mortar to make a coarse pulp, and then pound them in a butter barrel to make a fine pulp.

8. Add 0.5% cactus juice to the fine pulp in the butter barrel and mash well.

9. According to the degree of yellowing of Tibetan paper, add about 0.5% of Coptis chinensis extract into the papermaking water tank and stir evenly.

10. Slowly put the paper-making curtain made of a tight layer of gauze on the wooden frame with a size of about 0.66×0.50 meters into the paper-making water tank, pour a proper amount of pulp into the paper-making curtain, and Disperse the pulp fully and evenly on the papermaking curtain, then take the papermaking curtain vertically out of the paper tank and place it flat to drain the water.

11. Take the drained paper-making curtains to the sun and set up the brackets one by one for drying. Before the paper curtain is completely dry, the paper is peeled off from one corner of the paper curtain, and the paper is peeled off from the paper curtain to obtain the finished Tibetan paper.

12. Collect the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid in the waste liquid pool, introduce the flue gas generated by fuel combustion during cooking into the bottom of the waste liquid pool, and then discharge the flue gas from the top of the waste liquid pool after passing through the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid, and process 4 - Drain to waste after 6 hours.

Embodiment 2: also can prepare by following method.

1. First use a wooden hammer to smash the stems and roots of Rhizoma daphnis to separate the skin from the inner stems. Use a knife to remove the black outer skin and wooden inner tendons of the stems and roots to obtain the inner skin fibrous tissue, and dry it for later use.

2. Put the stems of Daphne daphne and the inner skin of chamaejasma root into a clear water pool, soak for 2-5 days depending on the temperature, until they become soft, and then rinse.

3. Take about 100 grams of dry rhizome of Coptidis Rhizome of Ranunculaceae plant per liter of water, wash and chop, soak in water for 24 hours, then heat and boil for 15 minutes, cool and stand for 2 hours, and then heat for 20-30 minutes , after cooling, gauze filter for later use.

4. After pricking, washing, pulverizing and beating the cactus, centrifuge to get the juice, and filter it for later use.

5. 8 parts of the stem endothelium of Daphthylaceae chinensis and 2 parts of endothelium of Daphneaceae chamaejasba root, mix them into a pot, add about 1% KOH, and cook for about 4-6 hours under low heat and normal pressure.

6. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clear water, then put them into the pot, add KOH with a concentration of about 0.5%, and cook for about 2-3 hours under low heat and normal pressure for the second time.

7. Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clean water, pound them in a stone mortar to make a coarse pulp, and then pound them in a butter barrel to make a fine pulp.

8. Add 1% cactus juice to the fine pulp in the ghee barrel and mash well.

9. According to the degree of yellowing of Tibetan paper, add about 1% of Coptis chinensis extract into the papermaking water tank and stir evenly.

10. Slowly put the paper-making curtain made of a tight layer of gauze on the wooden frame with a size of about 1.0×1.2 meters into the paper-making water tank, pour a proper amount of pulp into the paper-making curtain, and Disperse the pulp fully and evenly on the papermaking curtain, then take the papermaking curtain vertically out of the paper tank and place it flat to drain the water.

11. Take the drained paper-making curtains to the sun and set up the brackets one by one for drying. Before the paper curtain is completely dry, the paper is peeled off from one corner of the paper curtain, and the paper is peeled off from the paper curtain to obtain the finished Tibetan paper.

12. Collect the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid in the waste liquid pool, introduce the flue gas generated by fuel combustion during cooking into the bottom of the waste liquid pool, and then discharge the flue gas from the top of the waste liquid pool after passing through the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid, and process 4 - Drain to waste after 6 hours.

Claims (4)

1. A method for making Tibetan paper, characterized in that the raw materials are the endothelial stem endothelial stems of Daphneaceae chinensis and the root endothelium of Daphneaceae chamaejasma, cooking and pulping with potassium hydroxide, then adding cactus juice as a dispersant, and extracting the juice with natural plant Coptis chinensis Dye the pulp. The cooking black liquor and rinsing liquor are discharged without pollution. 2. The Tibetan paper according to claim 1, wherein the composition of the raw materials is characterized by 7-8 parts of the inner cortex of the stalks of the Rhizoma chinensis and 2-3 parts of the inner cortex of the root of the Rhizoma chinensis. 3. according to the manual production method of Tibetan paper described in claim 1, it is characterized in that having following processing steps: (1) Smash the stem and chamaejasma root with a wooden hammer to separate the skin from the inner stem, remove the black outer skin and woody inner tendons of the stem and root with a knife to obtain the inner skin fibrous tissue, and dry it for later use; (2) Put the stems of Daphne chinensis and the endothelium of chamaejasma root into a clear water pool, soak for 2-5 days depending on the temperature to soften, rinse and set aside; (3) Take 50-100 grams of rhizome rhizome of Coptis chinensis of the Ranunculaceae plant per liter of water, wash, chop and soak in clean water for 24 hours, then heat and boil for 15 minutes, cool and stand for 2 hours, and then heat for 20- After cooling for 30 minutes, filter through gauze for later use. (4) After pricking, washing, pulverizing and beating the cactus, centrifuge to get the juice, and filter it through gauze for later use. (5) Mix 7 parts of the stem endothelium of Daphneaceae chamaejasme, 3 parts of the root of Daphneaceae chamaejasme, or 8 parts of the stem of Daphthylaceae chamaejasme, and 2 parts of the root of Daphneaceae chamaejasba root, mix them into the pot, and add about 1% Concentration of KOH, cooking under normal pressure with slow fire for about 4-6 hours. (6) Take out the boiled raw material and wash it with clear water, then put it into the pot, add about 0.5% concentration of KOH, and cook it for about 2-3 hours under low heat and normal pressure for the second time. (7) Take out the boiled raw materials and wash them with clean water, pound them in a stone mortar to make a coarse pulp, and then pound them in a butter barrel to make a fine pulp. (8) Add 0.5-1% cactus juice to the fine pulp in the butter barrel and mash well. (9) According to the yellowing degree of the Tibetan paper, add about 0.5-1% Coptidis rhizoma extract in the papermaking water tank, and stir evenly. (10) Lay the paper curtains made of a tight layer of gauze on the wooden frame with a size of about 0.66×0.50m, 1.0×0.7m, 1.0×1.2m, 1.4×2.1m or 1.6×3.2m slowly. Put it into the papermaking water tank, pour a proper amount of pulp into the papermaking curtain, and make the pulp fully and evenly disperse on the papermaking curtain, then take the papermaking curtain vertically from the paper tank and place it flat to drain the water. (11) Take the drained paper-making curtain to the sun and set up the brackets one by one for drying. Before the paper curtain is completely dry, the paper is peeled off from one corner of the paper curtain, and the paper is peeled off from the paper curtain to obtain the finished Tibetan paper. 4. According to claim 1, the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid are discharged without pollution, and it is characterized in that the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid are collected in the waste liquid pool, and the flue gas produced by fuel combustion during cooking is introduced into the bottom of the waste liquid pool, and the smoke The channel gas is discharged from the top of the waste liquid tank after passing through the cooking black liquor and rinsing liquid. The residual KOH in the waste liquid reacts with CO ₂ in the flue gas to generate fertilizer K ₂ CO ₃ , reacts with SO ₂ to generate fertilizer K ₂ SO ₄ , and reacts with NO ₂ to generate fertilizer KNO ₃ . Potassium organic acid and lignin precipitation produced by the action of organic acid in the raw material and KOH during cooking are organic fertilizers.

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