CN102517536B - A new type of plasma powder core wire inner wall spraying method - Google Patents
A new type of plasma powder core wire inner wall spraying method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 51
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 16
- 229910001018 Cast iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000010284 wire arc spraying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000975 Carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010962 carbon steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001209 Low-carbon steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005488 sandblasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
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- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及耐磨减摩涂层技术领域，不仅涉及汽车发动机汽缸内壁耐磨涂层制备的喷涂工艺，还涉及新型等离子粉芯丝材内壁喷涂方法。The invention relates to the technical field of wear-resistant and anti-friction coatings, and not only relates to a spraying process for preparing a wear-resistant coating on the inner wall of an automobile engine cylinder, but also relates to a new method for spraying the inner wall of a plasma powder core wire material.
背景技术Background technique
目前，在节能减排的发展趋势下，减小发动机的质量是汽车轻量化的重要途径之一，汽车发动机逐渐由传统的铸铁被铝合金材料取代，但是现有技术方案中铝合金的强度和硬度明显低于铸铁，要在气缸内壁镶嵌铸铁衬套来提高强度，这样又会造成发动机整体重量和尺寸增加，不利于节能，另外铸铁和铝合金的热膨胀系数的差异也会造成衬套受热变形从而脱离铝合金气缸内壁，使得油耗和排泄物增加，不符合节能减排的要求。At present, under the development trend of energy saving and emission reduction, reducing the mass of the engine is one of the important ways to reduce the weight of the car. The traditional cast iron is gradually replaced by the aluminum alloy material for the car engine, but the strength and The hardness is obviously lower than that of cast iron, so it is necessary to inlay cast iron bushings on the inner wall of the cylinder to increase the strength, which will increase the overall weight and size of the engine, which is not conducive to energy saving. In addition, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between cast iron and aluminum alloy will also cause heat deformation of the bushings Thereby breaking away from the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder increases fuel consumption and excrement, which does not meet the requirements of energy saving and emission reduction.
现有技术中另一种方法采用不锈钢丝或低碳钢丝是在气缸内壁制备不锈钢涂层和低合金碳钢涂层，虽然整体重量较镶嵌铸铁衬套低了很多，但是低合金碳钢涂层虽然耐磨性较好，但不耐燃气腐蚀，而且不锈钢涂层虽然有较好的耐燃气腐蚀性，但耐磨性不足。Another method in the prior art is to use stainless steel wire or low-carbon steel wire to prepare stainless steel coating and low-alloy carbon steel coating on the inner wall of the cylinder. Although the overall weight is much lower than that of the inlaid cast iron bushing, the low-alloy carbon steel coating Although the wear resistance is good, it is not resistant to gas corrosion, and although the stainless steel coating has good gas corrosion resistance, its wear resistance is insufficient.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明的目的是提供一种新型等离子粉芯丝材内壁喷涂方法，可用于如汽车发动机铝合金汽缸内壁等内孔耐磨涂层的制备。采用粉芯丝材，通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺PTWA（Plasma transferred Wire Arc）工艺制备的耐磨涂层，与铝合金基体的结合强度高达40-55MPa，涂层硬度400-500Hv0.1，高于传统的铸铁衬套280Hv0.1，耐磨性能大大提高，而且喷涂工艺形成1-5%的孔隙具有储油功能，促进润滑起到减摩作用等优点，解决了铝合金发动机气缸铸铁衬套重量和尺寸增加的问题，以及与汽缸内壁的热膨胀不一致所导致的油耗、排放增加的问题。The object of the present invention is to provide a new type of plasma powder core wire material inner wall spraying method, which can be used for the preparation of inner hole wear-resistant coatings such as the inner wall of aluminum alloy cylinder of automobile engine. The wear-resistant coating prepared by using the powder core wire material through the plasma transfer arc wire spraying process PTWA (Plasma transferred Wire Arc) process has a bonding strength of 40-55MPa with the aluminum alloy substrate and a coating hardness of 400-500Hv0.1. Higher than the traditional cast iron bushing 280Hv0.1, the wear resistance is greatly improved, and the 1-5% pores formed by the spraying process have the function of oil storage, promote lubrication and reduce friction, etc., which solves the problem of aluminum alloy engine cylinder cast iron lining The problem of increased weight and size of the sleeve, and the problem of increased fuel consumption and emissions caused by inconsistent thermal expansion of the inner wall of the cylinder.
本发明的目的是通过以下技术方案实现的，一种新型等离子粉芯丝材内壁喷涂方法，所述喷涂方法包括：The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions, a novel plasma powder core wire material inner wall spraying method, said spraying method comprising:
对工件表面进行预处理；Pretreatment of the workpiece surface;
选用不锈钢外皮、且添加了钼Mo、铬Cr、镍Ni、硼B、硅Si和铁Fe组分的减摩耐磨粉芯的铁基粉芯丝材，通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺PTWA将所述铁基粉芯丝材喷涂在所述工件的内孔表面，得到耐磨涂层；The iron-based powder core wire material with stainless steel skin and anti-friction and wear-resistant powder core added with molybdenum Mo, chromium Cr, nickel Ni, boron B, silicon Si and iron Fe is sprayed by plasma transfer arc wire material spraying process PTWA Spraying the iron-based powder core wire on the surface of the inner hole of the workpiece to obtain a wear-resistant coating;
对所制备的耐磨涂层进行珩磨加工处理。The prepared wear-resistant coating is subjected to honing processing.
所述对工件表面进行预处理，具体包括：The pretreatment of the workpiece surface specifically includes:
采用工业清洗剂对所述工件内孔表面进行除油清洗及烘干，再进行吹砂粗化处理，使粗化后的基体表面粗糙度为Ra2.0～4.0。The surface of the inner hole of the workpiece is degreased, cleaned and dried by using an industrial cleaning agent, and then roughened by sand blowing, so that the surface roughness of the roughened substrate is Ra2.0-4.0.
所述通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺PTWA将所述铁基粉芯丝材喷涂在所述工件的内孔表面，具体喷涂工艺参数为：The iron-based powder core wire material is sprayed on the inner hole surface of the workpiece through the plasma transfer arc wire material spraying process PTWA, and the specific spraying process parameters are:
氩气流量50～80L/min，氢气流量5～20L/min，空气压力为3～8bar，氩气压力为8～12bar，氢气压力为8～12bar，送丝速度为1～10m/min，电流60～100A，电压80～120v，转数400～700/min，喂丝量20～40mm/s。The flow rate of argon gas is 50~80L/min, the flow rate of hydrogen gas is 5~20L/min, the air pressure is 3~8bar, the pressure of argon gas is 8~12bar, the pressure of hydrogen gas is 8~12bar, the wire feeding speed is 1~10m/min, the current 60~100A, voltage 80~120v, rotation speed 400~700/min, wire feeding amount 20~40mm/s.
所述对所制备的耐磨涂层进行珩磨加工处理之后，加工后的耐磨涂层的光洁度达Ra0.2-0.8。After the prepared wear-resistant coating is honed, the smoothness of the processed wear-resistant coating reaches Ra0.2-0.8.
由上述本发明提供的技术方案可以看出，本喷涂方法首先对工件表面进行预处理；选用添加有钼Mo、铬Cr、镍Ni、硼B、硅Si和铁Fe组分的减摩耐磨粉芯和不锈钢外皮的铁基粉芯丝材，通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺(PTWA)将所述铁基粉芯丝材喷涂在所述工件的内孔表面，得到耐磨涂层；对所制备的耐磨涂层进行珩磨加工处理。该方法制备的耐磨涂层与基体结合强度高，涂层不易脱落，涂层硬度高于传统的铸铁衬套，耐磨性能大大提高，而且喷涂工艺形成1-5%的孔隙具有储油功能，促进润滑起到减摩作用等优点，解决了铝合金发动机气缸铸铁衬套重量和尺寸增加的问题，以及与汽缸内壁的热膨胀不一致所导致的油耗、排放增加的问题。As can be seen from the technical scheme provided by the above-mentioned invention, the spraying method firstly carries out pretreatment to the workpiece surface; The iron-based powder core wire material of the powder core and the stainless steel sheath is sprayed on the inner hole surface of the workpiece by the plasma transfer arc wire spraying process (PTWA) to obtain a wear-resistant coating; The prepared wear-resistant coating is subjected to honing processing. The wear-resistant coating prepared by this method has high bonding strength with the substrate, the coating is not easy to fall off, the hardness of the coating is higher than that of the traditional cast iron bushing, the wear resistance is greatly improved, and the 1-5% pores formed by the spraying process have the function of oil storage , Promote lubrication and play a role in reducing friction, solve the problem of increased weight and size of aluminum alloy engine cylinder cast iron bushings, and the problems of increased fuel consumption and emissions caused by inconsistent thermal expansion with the inner wall of the cylinder.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域的普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the following will briefly introduce the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the description of the embodiments. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings on the premise of not paying creative efforts.
图1为本发明实施例提供的新型等离子粉芯丝材内壁喷涂方法的流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of a novel plasma powder core wire material inner wall spraying method provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
图2为本发明实施例所举实例中铝合金气缸内壁的涂层整体示意图；Fig. 2 is the overall schematic diagram of the coating on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder in the examples cited in the embodiments of the present invention;
图3为本发明实施例所举实例中铝合金气缸内壁的涂层局部放大图。Fig. 3 is a partial enlarged view of the coating on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder in the example given in the embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明的保护范围。The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of them. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by persons of ordinary skill in the art without making creative efforts belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
下面将结合附图对本发明实施例作进一步地详细描述，如图1所示为本发明实施例提供的新型等离子粉芯丝材内壁喷涂方法的流程示意图，所述制备方法包括：The embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Figure 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for spraying the inner wall of a new plasma powder core wire material provided by an embodiment of the present invention. The preparation method includes:
步骤11：对工件表面进行预处理。Step 11: Pretreat the surface of the workpiece.
在该步骤中，所述的预处理过程具体为：采用工业清洗剂对所述某些工业部件的内孔表面进行除油清洗、烘干，然后进行吹砂粗化处理，使粗化后的基体表面粗糙度为Ra2.0-4.0。In this step, the pretreatment process specifically includes: using an industrial cleaning agent to degrease, clean and dry the surface of the inner holes of some industrial parts, and then perform roughening treatment by sand blasting, so that the roughened The surface roughness of the substrate is Ra2.0-4.0.
步骤12：通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺PTWA将铁基粉芯丝材喷涂在所述工件的内孔表面。Step 12: spraying the iron-based powder core wire on the surface of the inner hole of the workpiece by the plasma transferred arc wire spraying process PTWA.
在该步骤中，具体可以选用添加有钼Mo、铬Cr、镍Ni、硼B、硅Si和铁Fe组分的减摩耐磨粉芯和不锈钢外皮的铁基粉芯丝材，通过等离子转移电弧丝材喷涂工艺(PTWA)将所述铁基粉芯丝材喷涂在所述工件的内孔表面，从而得到耐磨涂层。In this step, the anti-friction and wear-resisting powder core and the iron-based powder core wire with stainless steel sheath that are added with molybdenum Mo, chromium Cr, nickel Ni, boron B, silicon Si and iron Fe components can be selected, and transferred by plasma The electric arc wire spraying process (PTWA) sprays the iron-based powder core wire on the surface of the inner hole of the workpiece, thereby obtaining a wear-resistant coating.
这里，在具体实现中也可以选用其他的铁基粉芯丝材，这里不做限定。Here, other iron-based powder core wire materials can also be selected in specific implementation, which is not limited here.
上述通过等离子转移丝材电弧喷涂工艺PTWA进行喷涂的具体喷涂工艺参数为：氩气流量50～80L/min，氢气流量5～20L/min，空气压力为3～8bar，氩气压力为8～12bar，氢气压力为8～12bar，送丝速度为1～10m/min，电流60～100A，电压80～120v，转数400～700/min，喂丝量20～40mm/s。The specific spraying process parameters for the above-mentioned spraying by the plasma transfer wire arc spraying process PTWA are: argon gas flow rate 50-80L/min, hydrogen gas flow rate 5-20L/min, air pressure 3-8bar, argon gas pressure 8-12bar , the hydrogen pressure is 8~12bar, the wire feeding speed is 1~10m/min, the current is 60~100A, the voltage is 80~120v, the revolution is 400~700/min, and the wire feeding amount is 20~40mm/s.
通过上述工艺方法制备的耐磨涂层与基体结合强度40～50MPa，硬度为400～500HV0.1，孔隙率1～5%。The wear-resistant coating prepared by the above process has a bonding strength of 40-50 MPa to the substrate, a hardness of 400-500HV0.1, and a porosity of 1-5%.
步骤13：对所制备的耐磨涂层进行珩磨加工处理。Step 13: Honing the prepared wear-resistant coating.
在该步骤中，经过上述步骤12的操作在工件表面得到耐磨涂层之后，还可以对所制备的耐磨涂层进行珩磨加工处理，使其加工后涂层光洁度达Ra0.2-0.8。In this step, after the wear-resistant coating is obtained on the surface of the workpiece through the operation of the above-mentioned step 12, the prepared wear-resistant coating can also be honed to make the coating smoothness after processing reach Ra0.2-0.8.
下面以具体的实例来对本发明所述的喷涂方法进行说明：The spraying method of the present invention will be described below with specific examples:
首先在制备之前，针对某种型号的汽车铝合金发动机汽缸，对其内孔表面进行预处理，采用工业清洗剂对其内孔表面进行除油清洗；清洗烘干后，选用60～80目的氧化铝砂对汽缸内表面进行吹砂粗化处理，粗化后工件表面粗糙度为Ra4.0。First of all, before the preparation, for a certain type of automobile aluminum alloy engine cylinder, the surface of the inner hole is pretreated, and the surface of the inner hole is degreased and cleaned with an industrial cleaning agent; after cleaning and drying, the 60-80 mesh oxidation The inner surface of the cylinder is roughened by sand blowing with aluminum sand, and the surface roughness of the workpiece after roughening is Ra4.0.
然后，选用添加Mo、Ni、Cr、B、Si、Fe减摩耐磨组分粉芯和不锈钢外皮的铁基粉芯丝材，通过PTWA工艺将该粉芯丝材喷涂在汽车铝合金气缸内孔表面，喷涂工艺参数为氩气流量为60L/min，氢气流量为15L/min，空气压力为4bar，氩气压力为10bar，氢气压力为10bar，送丝速度为8m/min，电流70A，电压100v，转数500/min，喂丝量35mm/s，喷涂后对内表面进行珩磨，光洁度达Ra0.25，从而获得耐磨涂层。Then, choose the iron-based powder core wire material with Mo, Ni, Cr, B, Si, Fe anti-friction and wear-resistant component powder core and stainless steel outer skin, and spray the powder core wire material in the aluminum alloy cylinder of the automobile through the PTWA process On the surface of the hole, the spraying process parameters are argon flow rate of 60L/min, hydrogen flow rate of 15L/min, air pressure of 4bar, argon pressure of 10bar, hydrogen pressure of 10bar, wire feeding speed of 8m/min, current of 70A, voltage 100v, rotation speed 500/min, wire feeding rate 35mm/s, honing the inner surface after spraying, the smoothness reaches Ra0.25, so as to obtain a wear-resistant coating.
如图2所示为铝合金气缸内壁的涂层整体示意图；如图3所示为铝合金气缸内壁的涂层的局部放大图。上述所制得的涂层硬度为464.3HV0.1，涂层与基体结合强度42.9MPa，涂层孔隙率4.7%。涂层与镀铬活塞环配副测试的摩擦系数为0.126。Figure 2 shows the overall schematic diagram of the coating on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder; Figure 3 shows a partially enlarged view of the coating on the inner wall of the aluminum alloy cylinder. The hardness of the coating prepared above is 464.3HV0.1, the bonding strength between the coating and the substrate is 42.9MPa, and the porosity of the coating is 4.7%. The friction coefficient of the coating and the chrome-plated piston ring matching test is 0.126.
综上所述，通过上述方法制备的耐磨涂层经珩磨加工后，涂层厚度只有0.08～0.30mm，涂层重量为0.25kg，单缸减重0.45kg，同时在气缸内壁制备耐磨涂层，气缸内腔直径加大，各缸之间的距离就会缩小，使得气缸的重量进一步降低，仅一台汽车发动机部件的重量减少至少在1.8kg以上；另外耐磨涂层铝合金基体具有良好的结合强度，长期负荷下，耐磨涂层不易脱落，因此涂层与铝合金基体之间传热均匀，涂层不易发生扭曲变形，燃油消耗和NOx、CO2排放的降低可达2～4%。In summary, after honing the wear-resistant coating prepared by the above method, the coating thickness is only 0.08-0.30mm, the coating weight is 0.25kg, and the single cylinder loses 0.45kg. At the same time, the wear-resistant coating is prepared on the inner wall of the cylinder. Layer, the diameter of the inner cavity of the cylinder increases, the distance between the cylinders will be reduced, so that the weight of the cylinder is further reduced, and the weight of only one automobile engine component is reduced by at least 1.8kg; in addition, the wear-resistant coated aluminum alloy substrate has Good bonding strength, under long-term load, the wear-resistant coating is not easy to fall off, so the heat transfer between the coating and the aluminum alloy substrate is uniform, the coating is not easy to twist and deform, and the fuel consumption and NOx and CO2 emissions can be reduced by 2 to 4 %.
以上所述，仅为本发明较佳的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本发明披露的技术范围内，可轻易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any person familiar with the technical field can easily conceive of changes or changes within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. Replacement should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the protection scope of the claims.
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