CN102517687A - Elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure and bionic preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure. The elastic fiber has 8 structures: (1) the fiber surface is provided with grooves of 1-10 microns; (2) the fiber surface is provided with grooves of 1-10 microns, and nano particles are contained in the fiber; (3) the fiber surface is provided with grooves of 1-10 microns and nano microspheres, and nano particles are contained in the fiber; (4) the fiber surface is provided with grooves of 1-10 microns and nano particle aggregate of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and nano particles are contained in the fiber; (5) the fiber surface is provided with grooves of 1-10 microns and nano particle aggregates of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and nano particles and spheres of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns induced by the nano particles are contained in the fiber; (6) the elastic fiber is spiral elastic fiber, and the fiber surface is provided with a concave-convex structure; (7) the elastic fiber is spiral elastic fiber, the fiber surface is provided with a concave-convex structure, and nano particles are contained in the fiber; and (8) the elastic fiber is spiral elastic fiber, the fiber surface is provided with a concave-convex structure and nano microspheres, and nano particles are contained in the fiber.

Description

Elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure and bionic preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer fiber materials, specifically relates to an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure and a bionic preparation method thereof, and is related to bionic science, micro-nano technology, material science and fiber textile technology.

Background technique

In nature, many natural biological materials, such as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, water strider legs, mosquito compound eyes, fish scales, gecko feet, etc., have evolved for hundreds of millions of years to have perfect multi-level micro-nano structures. It is precisely because of this multi-level micro-nano structure that these natural biomaterials have many unique functions, such as super-hydrophobicity, self-cleaning, structural color, anti-reflection, anti-fog, anti-pollution, drag reduction, reversible adhesion, etc. . Based on the principle of bionics, imitating the multi-level micro-nano structure of natural biological materials, designing and preparing new structural and functional materials has become an important development direction in the field of material science.

Spider silk is a well-known, natural elastic fiber, which has many excellent properties and functions, such as extraordinary mechanical properties, excellent shape memory effect, high damping capacity, directional water collection, certain biological adsorption capacity, excellent biocompatibility, etc. Because of these excellent properties, spider silk has been developed and used in aerospace, military, construction, agriculture, water collection, biomedicine and other fields. Further investigation found that these excellent properties and functions of spider silk are mainly attributed to two reasons: (1) the unique natural spinning process of spider silk; (2) the multi-level micro-nano structure of spider silk.

According to literature reports, by imitating the multi-level micro-nano structure of spider silk, such as imitating the protein nanocrystal-enhanced amorphous phase structure of spider drag silk, or imitating the periodic axonal structure of spider-captured silk, people have developed several characteristic structural and functional fiber materials. Through the improved coagulation bath-based fiber spinning technique, a single-walled carbon nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol composite fiber with extremely high strength and toughness was prepared; through the multiple pulse gas phase infiltration technique, a metal Spider silk infused with zinc, titanium, or aluminum, the modified spider silk has enhanced strength and stiffness; the nylon fiber is dipped in the polymer solution, and then the fiber is pulled out of the solution horizontally and dried. Through this process, the A series of artificial spider silk, the artificial spider silk has a periodic axon structure, which can drive small water droplets to move directionally on the fiber; through the combination of coaxial electrospinning and electrospraying Methods, a polyvinyl alcohol/polystyrene composite fiber was designed, which has a heterogeneous structure connected by beads and wires. From these reports on fibers with multi-level micro-nano structures, it can be found that, on the one hand, the preparation method of the fibers is extremely important, and on the other hand, there is no report on elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structures.

Polyurethane elastomers have the characteristics of sound insulation, heat insulation, wear resistance, oil resistance, light resistance, anti-aging, shape memory, etc., and are widely used in aviation, electromechanical, ships, vehicles, civil engineering, light industry, textiles and other fields. Polyurethane elastomer has been used as a raw material to prepare the well-known elastic fiber-spandex, which has the advantages of high elongation, high elastic recovery rate, excellent fatigue resistance, and good dyeability. In addition, polyurethane elastomers and spider silk proteins share many similar structural features, such as block-type molecular chains, stable amide bonds, abundant hydrogen bonds, etc. Therefore, it will be of great significance to choose polyurethane elastomer as the main material to prepare elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure.

Micro-nano technology refers to the use of certain methods and technical means, such as template method, laser etching technology, phase separation method, electrospinning technology, self-assembly method, spray drying technology, chemical synthesis method, plasma technology, in-situ composite Using methods, physical blending technology, etc., so that the material has a perfect micro-nano structure similar to natural biological materials on the micro and nano scales, and then endows the material with the best comprehensive performance. It will be a new challenge to prepare elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure by using polyurethane elastomer as the matrix material, introducing nanoparticles and adopting micro-nano technology.

It has been reported that during the natural spinning process of spider silk, first, a high-concentration protein solution is formed and stored in the lumen of the silk gland. Then, the protein solution flows into the tapered spinning conduit, accompanied by the extraction of the water solvent, the exchange of ions, and the change of pH value, the silk protein begins to self-assemble in the spinning conduit, forming a multi-level micro-nano The initial filament of the structure. Finally, the formed initial silk is extruded from the spinning tube, stretched in the air, and at the same time dried in the air to remove the residual water solvent to obtain the final spider silk. In this natural spinning process, a key procedure is: in the gradually tapered spinning conduit, silk proteins are firstly self-assembled into β-sheets driven by hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions, and further assembled into soft The micelles (diameter 10-100nm), and then the micelles transform into a metastable liquid crystal structure; triggered by the extraction of water solvent, ion exchange and pH value change, the metastable liquid crystal structure further transforms into more β-sheet structures, and finally, initial filaments with multi-level micro-nano structures are formed in the spinning conduit. In the spinning process of traditional man-made fibers, this procedure is usually difficult to occur.

In view of the above background introduction, the present invention attempts to directly imitate the natural spinning process of spider silk, using polyurethane elastomer as the main material, introducing nanoparticles at the same time, and adopting micro-nano technology to bionically prepare elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure , and proposed its unique bionic preparation method and spinning process.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure and a bionic preparation method thereof, that is, to prepare an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure by directly imitating the natural spinning process of spider silk, and to propose its unique Biomimetic preparation method and spinning process.

In the present invention, the prepared elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure has the following 8 kinds:

① One of the elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure, the surface of the fiber only has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns;

② One of the elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure has only 1-10 micron grooves on the surface of the fiber, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the size of the nanoparticles added. Particle size;

③ One of the elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure (as shown in Figure 1a, 1b, 1c and 1d), the surface of the fiber has grooves of 1-10 micron size and microspheres of nanometer size at the same time, and the inside of the fiber also contains The size of nanoparticles, microspheres on the fiber surface and nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the particle size of the added nanoparticles;

④ One of the elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure (as shown in Figures 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d), the surface of the fiber has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns , the fiber also contains nanoparticles, and the size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the particle size of the added nanoparticles;

⑤ One of the elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure (as shown in Figures 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d), the surface of the fiber has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns , the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles and spheres with a size of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns induced by nanoparticles, and the size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the particle size of the added nanoparticles;

⑥An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure is a helical elastic fiber, and its fiber surface only has a concave-convex structure;

⑦An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure is a helical elastic fiber. The surface of the fiber only has a concave-convex structure, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the size of the added nanoparticles. Particle size;

⑧ One of the elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure (as shown in Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d) is a helical elastic fiber, and its fiber surface has a concave-convex structure and nano-sized microspheres at the same time, and its fiber interior also contains The sizes of nanoparticles, microspheres on the fiber surface and nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depend on the particle size of the added nanoparticles.

In the present invention, its bionic preparation method 1 is mainly used to prepare the first fiber in the above eight kinds of fibers, which mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, Add equal volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent respectively, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; Finally, stir and disperse until the solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by a pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution is solidified in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, and the polyurethane elastomer is self-assembled , forming the initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2 to 10 times the original length, and The stretched state of the elastic fiber is maintained for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber.

In the present invention, its bionic preparation method 2 is mainly used to prepare the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th kinds of fibers in the above 8 kinds of fibers, mainly including the following steps:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration (ratio of polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, by mass Ratio (the ratio of the quality of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 1: 20 ~ 5: 20 Weigh nanoparticles of a certain quality, and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles. Pour it into the prepared polyurethane solution together with ethanol, then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol used in the polyurethane solution, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the ratio of the polyurethane mass to the total volume of the solvent used) ) to half of the initial concentration, that is, 0.05-0.2 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by a pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2 to 10 times the original length, and The stretched state of the elastic fiber is maintained for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber.

In the present invention, its bionic preparation method 3 is mainly used to prepare the sixth fiber in the above eight kinds of fibers, which mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, Add equal volumes of N,N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent respectively, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; Finally, stir and disperse until the solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by a pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer self-assembles, and spirals up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 to 6 times the original length, and the elastic fibers The stretched state remains for no less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched helical elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber.

In the present invention, its bionic preparation method 4 is mainly used to prepare the ⑦ and ⑧ kinds of fibers in the above 8 kinds of fibers, which mainly includes the following steps:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N, N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration (ratio of polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, by mass Ratio (the ratio of the quality of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 1: 20 ~ 5: 20 Weigh nanoparticles of a certain quality, and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles. Pour it into the prepared polyurethane solution together with ethanol, then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol used in the polyurethane solution, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the ratio of the polyurethane mass to the total volume of the solvent used) ) to half of the initial concentration, that is, 0.05-0.2 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by a pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 to 6 times the original length, and the elastic fibers The stretched state remains for no less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched helical elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber.

In the present invention, the spinning process device diagram (see Figures 5a and 5b) in its bionic preparation methods 1 and 2 mainly includes a pressure control device 1, a storage container 2 with a movable piston 21 and a conduit 22 at least, and a filament forming Water tank 3, transmission device 4, stretching device 5, drying device 6 and collection device 7; pressure control device 1 is connected with piston 21, and the speed of moving piston 21 is adjusted through pressure control device 1, thereby controlling storage container 2 The speed at which the spinning solution enters the conduit 22; the piston and conduit on the storage container 2 can be flexibly loaded and unloaded to facilitate cleaning and replacement; the lower and upper parts of the silk forming tank 3 have a water inlet 32 and a water outlet 31 respectively, so as to add water at any time , replace and recycle tap water; the conduit 22 of the storage container 2 enters the tap water from the bottom of the silk-forming water tank 3, and the spinning solution is squeezed into the tap water in the silk-forming water tank through the conduit and is solidified into silk; the transfer device 4 is arranged on the silk-forming water tank. In the tap water of the tank (see Figure 5a, it is mainly suitable for the fiber F to be stretched in the water W), or it is arranged outside the tap water of the filament forming tank (see Figure 5b, it is mainly suitable for the fiber F to be stretched in the air) ), the function of the transmission device is mainly to transfer the formed fiber to the target direction through the rotation of its rotating shaft; 4. The transferred fiber is stretched; the stretched fiber is dried through the drying device 6 to remove residual solvent; finally, the dried fiber is collected through the winding of the guide shaft on the collecting device 7.

In the present invention, the spinning process device diagram (see Figure 6) in its bionic preparation methods 3 and 4 mainly includes a pressure control device 1, a storage container 2 with a movable piston 21 and a conduit 22 at least, and a magnetic stirring device 8 , silk tank 3, transfer device 4, stretching device 5, drying device 6 and collection device 7; pressure control device 1 links to each other with piston 21, adjusts the speed that movable piston 21 advances by pressure control device 1, thereby controls The speed at which the spinning solution enters the conduit 21 in the storage container 2; the piston 21 and the conduit 22 on the storage container can be loaded and unloaded flexibly to facilitate cleaning and replacement; A magnet 81 is placed at the bottom, and the rotation of the magnet 81 is controlled by a magnetic stirring device 8, so that small rotation fluctuations are formed in tap water; the bottom and the top of the silk tank 3 have a water inlet 32 and a water outlet 31 respectively, so that Add, replace and recycle tap water; the conduit 21 of the storage container 2 enters the tap water from the bottom of the silk-forming water tank 3, and the spinning solution is squeezed into the tap water in the silk-forming water tank through the conduit and is solidified into silk; Outside the tap water of the sink (mainly suitable for stretching the fiber F in the air), the function of the transmission device 4 is mainly to rotate the rotating shaft to transfer the formed fiber to the target direction; the stretching device 5 is directly above the transmission device , by controlling the rotational speed of the rotating shaft on the stretching device 5, the fibers transferred through the transfer device 4 are stretched; the stretched fibers are dried through the drying device 6 to remove residual solvent; finally, dried The fiber is collected through the rotation of the guide wire shaft on the collecting device 7.

1180A、1185A和1190A等。In the present invention, a thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with good hydrolysis resistance is selected as the main material for preparing elastic fibers, such as the thermoplastic polyurethane of BASF, Germany.

1180A, 1185A and 1190A etc.

In the present invention, the nanoparticles used include various polymer microspheres, such as polystyrene microspheres, ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber, polyacrylate microspheres, etc.; also include various inorganic microspheres, such as Silica microspheres, ferroferric oxide magnetic microspheres, cadmium telluride nanocrystals, etc.; use these nanoparticles to imitate the micelles formed in the natural spinning process of spider silk, and they will undergo self-organization in the process of fiber formation. Assemble.

The advantage of the present invention is that by directly imitating the natural spinning process of spider silk, using polyurethane elastomer as the main material, introducing nanoparticles at the same time, and adopting micro-nano technology, the elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure is innovatively prepared , and proposed a series of unique bionic preparation methods and spinning processes. The prepared elastic fiber has a multi-level micro-nano structure similar to many natural biological materials, such as lotus leaves, butterfly wings, water strider legs, mosquito compound eyes, fish scales, gecko feet, spider silk, etc., so it will show many similarities with Similar properties and functions of natural biomaterials, such as superhydrophobicity, self-cleaning, structural color, anti-reflection, anti-fog, anti-pollution, self-reinforcement, etc. The proposed bionic preparation method and spinning process are novel, simple, easy to understand and easy to operate, and are conducive to realizing industrial production.

Description of drawings

Figure 1a is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 1b is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 1c is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 1d is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Fig. 1a, Fig. 1b, Fig. 1c and Fig. 1d are observations on the surface of the same fiber, and the magnification is gradually increased. The size of the spheres mainly depends on the particle size of the added nanoparticles.

Figure 2a is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 2b is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 2c is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 2d is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, and 2d are observations of the same fiber surface or cross-sectional position, and the magnification is gradually increased. Figures 2a and 2b show that the fiber surface has grooves with a size of 1 to 10 microns and grooves with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns. Nanoparticle aggregates; Figures 2c and 2d show that the fiber also contains nanoparticles, and the size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the particle size of the added nanoparticles.

Figure 3a is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 3b is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 3c is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 3d is a scanning electron microscope image of a cross-section of an elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figures 3a, 3b, 3c, and 3d are observations of the same fiber surface or cross-sectional position, and the magnification is gradually increased. Figures 3a and 3b show that the fiber surface has grooves with a size of 1 to 10 microns and 20 nanometers to 8 microns. Figure 3c and 3d show that the fiber also contains nanoparticles and nanoparticle-induced spheres with a size of 400 nm to 1.2 μm. The size of the nanoparticles inside the fiber mainly depends on the size of the added nanoparticles. path.

Figure 4a is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a helical elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 4b is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a helical elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 4c is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a helical elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figure 4d is a scanning electron microscope image of the surface of a helical elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure;

Figures 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are observations of the same fiber surface position, and the magnification is gradually increased. The figure shows that the fiber surface has both concave-convex structure and nano-sized microspheres. The size of the fiber surface microspheres mainly depends on the added The particle size of the nanoparticles.

Fig. 5a is the spinning process device diagram (1) in the biomimetic preparation method 1 and 2;

Fig. 5b is the spinning process device diagram (two) in the biomimetic preparation method 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the spinning process device in biomimetic preparation methods 3 and 4.

The specific labels in the figure are as follows:

1. Pressure control device 2. Storage device 21. Piston 22. Conduit

3. Silk sink 31. Water outlet 32. Water inlet 4. Transfer device

5. Stretching device 6. Drying device 7. Collection device 8. Magnetic stirring device

81. Magnet W, Water F, Fiber

Detailed ways

The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.

Example 1:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.2 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to the half of initial concentration, be 0.1 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution is solidified in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, and the polyurethane elastomer is self-assembled , forming the initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the elastic The stretched state of the fiber is maintained for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns Dimensions of the groove.

Example 2:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.4 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to half of initial concentration, be 0.2 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution is solidified in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, and the polyurethane elastomer is self-assembled , forming the initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 8 times the original length, and the elastic The stretched state of the fiber is maintained for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns Dimensions of the groove.

Example 3:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.2 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to the half of initial concentration, be 0.1 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution is solidified in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, and the polyurethane elastomer is self-assembled , forming the initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times the original length, and the elastic The stretched state of the fiber is maintained for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns Dimensions of the groove.

Example 4:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of nanoparticles used to the quality of polyurethane) 1: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (particle diameter is about 100 nanometers), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns 100-nanometer-sized grooves, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside their fibers.

Example 5:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Embodiment 6:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.4 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of nanoparticles used to the quality of polyurethane) 4: 20 Take a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (particle diameter is about 100 nanometers), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion treatment on the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.2 g/mL; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 7 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Embodiment 7:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times of the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Embodiment 8:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 5: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns 100-nanometer-sized grooves, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside their fibers.

Embodiment 9:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 1:20 Weigh a certain amount of diethylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene microspheres (about 500 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet the nanoparticles and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, the treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the polyurethane solution The concentration (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has 1-10 microns Dimensions of grooves, the fibers also contain 500 nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside.

Example 10:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) is 5: 20. Weigh a certain mass of diethylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene microspheres (about 500 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet the nanoparticles. and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, the treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the polyurethane solution The concentration (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. The size of the groove and the microsphere of 500 nanometer size, the inside of the fiber also contains the nanoparticle of 500 nanometer size.

Example 11:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain mass of diethylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene microspheres (about 500 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet the nanoparticles and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, the treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the polyurethane solution The concentration (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 7 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. The size of the groove and the microsphere of 500 nanometer size, the inside of the fiber also contains the nanoparticle of 500 nanometer size.

Example 12:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) is 5: 20. Weigh a certain amount of silica microspheres (about 10 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. Grooves and aggregates of nanoparticles with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 micrometers, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 10 nanometers.

Example 13:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) is 3: 20. Weigh a certain mass of silica microspheres (about 10 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2.5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. Grooves with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 10 nanometers and spheres with a size of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns induced by the nanoparticles.

Example 14:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.4 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 2: 20 Weigh a certain amount of silica microspheres (about 10 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.2 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 3 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. Grooves with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 10 nanometers and spheres with a size of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns induced by the nanoparticles.

Example 15:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) is 3: 20. Weigh a certain mass of silica microspheres (about 10 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2.5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. Grooves with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 10 nanometers and spheres with a size of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns induced by the nanoparticles.

Example 16:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 2: 20 Weigh a certain quality of silica microspheres (about 100 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Example 17:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) is 4: 20. Weigh a certain amount of silica microspheres (about 100 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Example 18:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of the nanoparticles used to the mass of the polyurethane) is 3: 20. Weigh a certain amount of silica microspheres (about 100 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times of the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 100-nanometer-sized grooves and 100-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 100-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Example 19:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the used nanoparticle quality to the quality of polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain amount of ferroferric oxide magnetic microspheres (about 200 nanometers in particle diameter), and get a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles, The treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and The ratio of the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 6 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 200-nanometer-sized grooves and 200-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 200-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Example 20:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 4: 20 takes a certain quality of ferroferromagnetic microspheres (about 200 nanometers in particle diameter), and takes a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles, The treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and The ratio of the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times of the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, and the fiber surface has 1 to 10 microns at the same time. 200-nanometer-sized grooves and 200-nanometer-sized microspheres, which also contain 200-nanometer-sized nanoparticles inside the fibers.

Example 21:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.2 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to the half of initial concentration, be 0.1 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer self-assembles, and spirals up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: the helical elastic fiber after stretching treatment is dried to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has Concave-convex structure.

Example 22:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.2 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to the half of initial concentration, be 0.1 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer self-assembles, and spirals up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times of the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: the helical elastic fiber after stretching treatment is dried to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has Concave-convex structure.

Example 23:

(1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent preparation concentration (ratio of added polyurethane mass to solvent volume used) to be a polyurethane solution of 0.4 g/ml; then, add Equal volumes of N, N-dimethylformamide and ethanol solvent, make the concentration of polyurethane solution (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent total volume) be reduced to half of initial concentration, be 0.2 g/ml; Finally stir and disperse to The solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer self-assembles, and spirals up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 3 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: the helical elastic fiber after stretching treatment is dried to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has Concave-convex structure.

Example 24:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 5: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 1 time of the original length, and the elastic fibers are stretched Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of the elastic fiber: the helical elastic fiber after stretching treatment is dried to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface only has Concavo-convex structure, the fibers also contain 100 nanometer-sized nanoparticles.

Example 25:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concavo-convex structure and 100 nanometer-sized microspheres, the fiber also contains 100 nanometer-sized nanoparticles.

Example 26:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 2: 20 Weigh a certain amount of superfine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 4 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concavo-convex structure and 100 nanometer-sized microspheres, the fiber also contains 100 nanometer-sized nanoparticles.

Example 27:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.4 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the quality of the nanoparticles used to the quality of the polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain quality of ultrafine fully vulcanized powdered nitrile rubber (about 100 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles , Pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the mass of polyurethane The ratio to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.2 g/mL; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform to obtain a composite spinning solution.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 1 ml/hour through a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 3 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concavo-convex structure and 100 nanometer-sized microspheres, the fiber also contains 100 nanometer-sized nanoparticles.

Example 28:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of nanoparticles used to the mass of polyurethane) 2: 20 Weigh a certain mass of diethylbenzene crosslinked polystyrene microspheres (about 500 nanometers in particle size), and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet the nanoparticles and ultrasonic dispersion treatment, the treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as the ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the polyurethane solution The concentration (ratio of the mass of polyurethane to the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concave-convex structure and microspheres with a size of 500 nanometers, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 500 nanometers.

Example 29:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the mass of the nanoparticles used to the mass of the polyurethane) is 3: 20. Weigh a certain amount of silica microspheres (about 100 nanometers in particle diameter), and take a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles. Processed nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then add the N, N-dimethylformamide solvent of the equal volume of ethanol used in the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and the solvent used) The total volume ratio) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.3 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 3 times the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concavo-convex structure and 100 nanometer-sized microspheres, the fiber also contains 100 nanometer-sized nanoparticles.

Example 30:

(1) The preparation of composite spinning solution: first with N, N-dimethylformamide is the polyurethane solution that solvent preparation concentration (the ratio of polyurethane quality and used solvent volume) is 0.2 g/ml; Then, by mass ratio ( The ratio of the used nanoparticle quality to the quality of polyurethane) 3: 20 Weigh a certain amount of ferroferric oxide magnetic microspheres (about 200 nanometers in particle diameter), and get a certain volume of ethanol to carry out wetting and ultrasonic dispersion of the nanoparticles, The treated nanoparticles and ethanol are poured into the prepared polyurethane solution together, and then the N,N-dimethylformamide solvent of the same volume as ethanol is added to the polyurethane solution to make the concentration of the polyurethane solution (the quality of the polyurethane and The ratio of the total volume of the solvent used) is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.1 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained.

(2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted to 0.5 ml/hour by a pressure control device, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.5 mm.

(3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber.

(4) Stretch treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 5 times of the original length, and the stretched elastic fibers are Stretch state for not less than 10 minutes.

(5) Drying of elastic fibers: drying the stretched helical elastic fibers to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final helical elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure, the fiber surface has both Concave-convex structure and microspheres with a size of 200 nanometers, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles with a size of 200 nanometers.

Claims (16)

1. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the surface of the elastic fiber has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns. 2. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the surface of the elastic fiber has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. 3. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the surface of the elastic fiber has grooves with a size of 1-10 microns and microspheres with a size of nanometers, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. 4. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the surface of the elastic fiber has grooves with a size of 1 to 10 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and the inside of the fiber also contains Nanoparticles. 5. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the surface of the elastic fiber has grooves with a size of 1 to 10 microns and nanoparticle aggregates with a size of 20 nanometers to 8 microns, and the inside of the fiber also has Contains nanoparticles and nanoparticle-induced spheres with a size of 400 nanometers to 1.2 microns. 6. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the elastic fiber is a helical elastic fiber, and the fiber surface has a concave-convex structure. 7. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the elastic fiber is a helical elastic fiber, the surface of the fiber has a concave-convex structure, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. 8. An elastic fiber with a multi-level micro-nano structure, characterized in that: the elastic fiber is a helical elastic fiber, the surface of the fiber has concavo-convex structures and microspheres of nanometer size, and the inside of the fiber also contains nanoparticles. 9. A biomimetic preparation method for preparing elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure according to claim 1, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.4 g/ml; then, add an equal volume of N,N-dimethylformamide formamide and ethanol solvent, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; finally, it is stirred and dispersed until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained; the concentration refers to the mass of the added polyurethane. Ratio to the volume of solvent used; (2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by the pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm; (3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution is solidified in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, and the polyurethane elastomer is self-assembled , forming the initial elastic fibers; (4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2 to 10 times the original length, and Keep the stretched state of the elastic fiber for not less than 10 minutes; (5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber. 10. A biomimetic preparation method for preparing elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure according to claim 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, weigh it according to a mass ratio of 1:20 to 5:20 A certain quality of nanoparticles, and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles, pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the same volume of ethanol as N , N-dimethylformamide solvent into the polyurethane solution, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and the compound is obtained. Spinning solution; said concentration refers to the ratio of polyurethane mass to used solvent volume, and said mass ratio refers to the ratio of used nanoparticle mass to polyurethane mass; (2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by the pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm; (3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming tank equipped with tap water, the composite spinning solution solidifies in the water, the solvent diffuses into the water, polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles Carry out self-assembly to form initial elastic fibers; (4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in tap water or in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 2 to 10 times the original length, and Keep the stretched state of the elastic fiber for not less than 10 minutes; (5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber. 11. A biomimetic preparation method for preparing elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure according to claim 6, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration of 0.1-0.4 g/ml; then, add an equal volume of N,N-dimethylformamide formamide and ethanol solvent, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; finally, it is stirred and dispersed until the solution is uniform, and a composite spinning solution is obtained; the concentration refers to the mass of the added polyurethane. Ratio to the volume of solvent used; (2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by the pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm; (3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer self-assembles, and spirals up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber; (4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 to 6 times the original length, and the elastic fibers The stretched state is maintained for no less than 10 minutes; (5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched helical elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber. 12. A biomimetic preparation method for preparing elastic fibers with a multi-level micro-nano structure according to claim 7 or 8, mainly comprising the following steps: (1) Preparation of composite spinning solution: first use N,N-dimethylformamide as a solvent to prepare a polyurethane solution with a concentration of 0.1 to 0.4 g/ml; then, weigh it according to a mass ratio of 1:20 to 5:20 A certain quality of nanoparticles, and take a certain volume of ethanol to wet and ultrasonically disperse the nanoparticles, pour the treated nanoparticles and ethanol into the prepared polyurethane solution, and then add the same volume of ethanol as N , N-dimethylformamide solvent into the polyurethane solution, so that the concentration of the polyurethane solution is reduced to half of the initial concentration, which is 0.05 to 0.2 g/ml; finally, stirring and dispersing for not less than 1 hour until the solution is uniform, and the compound is obtained. Spinning solution; said concentration refers to the ratio of polyurethane mass to used solvent volume, and said mass ratio refers to the ratio of used nanoparticle mass to polyurethane mass; (2) Storage and extrusion of the composite spinning solution: the composite spinning solution is placed in a storage container with a piston and a conduit, and the spinning solution is pressed into the conduit through a pressure control device through the piston, and the spinning The silk solution is extruded from the catheter; the speed of the spinning solution entering the catheter from the storage container is adjusted by the pressure control device to be 0.2-5 ml/hour, and the inner diameter of the catheter is 0.2-0.7 mm; (3) Forming of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the composite spinning solution is squeezed from the catheter into the silk-forming water tank filled with tap water, and the bottom of the silk-forming water tank is stirred by a magnet to form a small rotational fluctuation, compounding The spinning solution is solidified in water, the solvent diffuses into the water, the polyurethane elastomer and nanoparticles self-assemble, and spiral up from the water to form the initial helical elastic fiber; (4) Stretching treatment of elastic fibers: at room temperature, the initial elastic fibers are placed in the air for vertical stretching; the initial elastic fibers are stretched to 0 to 6 times the original length, and the elastic fibers The stretched state is maintained for no less than 10 minutes; (5) Drying of the elastic fiber: drying the stretched helical elastic fiber to remove the remaining solvent, so as to obtain the final elastic fiber. 13. according to claim 9 or 10 or 11 or 12 described biomimetic preparation method of the elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure, it is characterized in that: select a kind of thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer with good hydrolysis resistance as preparation elastic fiber the main material. 14. The method for biomimetic preparation of elastic fibers with multi-level micro-nano structure according to claim 9 or 10 or 11 or 12, characterized in that the nanoparticles used include polymer microspheres or inorganic microspheres. 15. A device for preparing the elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure described in claim 1 or 2 or 3 or 4 or 5, characterized in that: the device mainly includes a pressure control device (1), at least with a Storage container (2), filament forming tank (3), transfer device (4), stretching device (5), drying device (6) and collection device (7) for moving piston (21) and conduit (22); pressure The control device (1) is connected to the piston (21), and the speed at which the movable piston (21) advances is adjusted through the pressure control device (1), thereby controlling the speed at which the spinning solution in the storage container (2) enters the conduit (22) The piston and the conduit on the storage container (2) can be loaded and unloaded flexibly to facilitate cleaning and replacement; the bottom and top of the silk sink (3) have a water inlet (32) and a water outlet (31) respectively; the storage container (2 ) conduit (22) enters the tap water from the bottom of the silk tank (3); the transfer device (4) is arranged in the tap water of the silk tank or outside the tap water of the silk tank; Directly above the device (4), by controlling the rotation speed of the rotating shaft on the stretching device (5), the fibers transferred through the transfer device (4) are stretched; the stretched fibers pass through the drying device (6) Drying is carried out; finally, the dried fibers are collected through the rotation of the guide shaft on the collecting device (7). 16. A device for preparing the elastic fiber with multi-level micro-nano structure described in claim 6 or 7 or 8, characterized in that: the device mainly comprises a pressure control device (1), at least with a movable piston (21 ) and conduit (22) storage container (2), magnetic stirring device (8), silk tank (3), transfer device (4), stretching device (5), drying device (6) and collection device (7 ); the pressure control device (1) is connected with the piston (21), and the speed of the movable piston (21) is adjusted through the pressure control device (1), thereby controlling the spinning solution in the storage container (2) to enter the conduit (22 ) speed; the piston (21) and conduit (22) on the storage container can be loaded and unloaded flexibly to facilitate cleaning and replacement; A magnet (81) is placed at the bottom of the bottom, and the rotation of the magnet (81) is controlled by a magnetic stirring device (8), so that small rotation fluctuations are formed in the tap water; Water outlet (32) and water outlet (31); The conduit (21) of storage container (2) enters tap water from the bottom of silk-making water tank (3); Transfer device (4) is outside the tap water of silk-making water tank; Tensioning device (5) Directly above the transfer device, by controlling the rotating speed of the rotating shaft on the stretch device (5), the fibers transferred through the transfer device (4) are stretched; the stretched fibers pass through the drying device ( 6) Drying; finally, the dried fibers are collected through the rotation of the guide shaft on the collecting device (7).

Images