CN102747256A - Aluminum-silicon based aluminum section and preparation technology thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses an aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile. According to the weight percentage, the aluminum profile is composed of the following components: silicon: 5.0%-14.0%, magnesium: 0.2%-0.7%, boron: <0.03%, strontium: < 0.06%, reinforcing element: 0.1%-6.55%, impurity element: <0.25%, aluminum: balance. The aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile has the advantages of high strength, high hardness and good wear resistance. The invention also discloses the preparation process of aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles: the first step: put the aluminum-silicon alloy into a graphite crucible, and heat it to form a melt; the second step: add magnesium, silicon and reinforcing elements; the third step : Refining by adding hexachloroethane; Step 4: Add strontium element to modify, cast into cast iron mold to form ingot; Step 5: After annealing the ingot, perform hot extrusion, hot rolling deformation, solid solution in sequence treatment and aging treatment to produce aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles. The preparation process is simple.

Description

A kind of aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile and its preparation process

technical field

The invention relates to an aluminum profile and a preparation process thereof, in particular to an aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile and a preparation process thereof.

Background technique

Aluminum profiles are divided into architectural aluminum profiles (aluminum profiles for building doors and windows, curtain walls, interior and exterior decoration and building structures, accounting for 75% of aluminum profile consumption) and industrial aluminum profiles (all aluminum profiles except architectural aluminum profiles). my country is a big producer of aluminum profiles, and architectural aluminum profiles account for the vast majority of the entire aluminum profile market, but they often provide low-end products, mainly used for building doors and windows, indoor and outdoor decoration, and curtain wall structures with low requirements. For the curtain wall structure with high performance requirements, the aluminum profiles have to use expensive imported products. This is mainly because my country's architectural aluminum profiles are made of 6000 series Al-Si-Mg alloys. The alloy contains about 0.5% by weight of Mg and Si each, and the rest is Al, belonging to a single-phase alloy. Due to the small amount of strengthening elements contained, the strength is low, especially the stiffness is small, the wear resistance is poor, and it is easy to deform, but it has very excellent ductility and can be easily formed by extrusion (GB 5237.1-2004 standard: 6063 alloy T6 state Lower σ _b ≥205MPa, σ _0.2 ≥180MPa, δ≥8.0%).

Contents of the invention

Technical problem: The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile, which has the advantages of high strength, high hardness, good wear resistance and low cost, and also provides an aluminum-silicon-based The preparation process of the aluminum profile is simple.

Technical scheme: in order to solve the above technical problems, the technical scheme adopted in the present invention is:

An aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile, which consists of the following components in terms of weight percentage:

Silicon: 5.0%-14.0%,

Magnesium: 0.2%-0.7%,

Boron: <0.03%,

Strontium: <0.06%,

Enhancement elements: 0.1%-6.55%,

Impurity elements: <0.25%,

Aluminum: balance;

The impurity element refers to any one or combination of iron, tin, lead and calcium, and the reinforcing element refers to any one or combination of titanium, manganese and boron.

A preparation process for an aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile, the preparation process comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Put the aluminum-silicon alloy into a graphite crucible, heat it to 760°C with a resistance wire to melt it, and keep it warm for 30 minutes to form a melt;

The second step: adding magnesium element, silicon element and reinforcing element to the melt prepared in the first step, so that the weight percentage of silicon element is between 5.0% and 14.0%, and the weight percentage of magnesium element is between 0.2% and 0.7%. Between, the weight percentage of reinforcing elements is between 0.1% and 6.55%, after 30 minutes of heat preservation, then cool down to 730°C to form a melt;

The third step: adding hexachloroethane to the melt obtained in the second step for refining, and leaving it to stand for 10 minutes to form a melt;

The fourth step: Add strontium element to the melt obtained in the third step to modify the quality. The weight percentage of strontium element is between 0.03% and 0.06%. After 30 minutes of heat preservation, a melt is formed. After 5 minutes of heat preservation, the melt Cast the body into a cast iron mold preheated to 200 degrees Celsius, and form an ingot after natural cooling;

Step 5: After homogenizing and annealing the ingot obtained in Step 4, perform hot extrusion and hot rolling deformation at a temperature of 400°C-550°C, and then perform solution treatment at a temperature of 500°C-550°C , the solution treatment time is 3-6 hours, followed by aging treatment at a temperature of 150°C-250°C, and the aging treatment time is 3-20 hours, so as to obtain aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles.

Beneficial effects: compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. The aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile of the invention has the technical advantages of high strength, high hardness and good wear resistance. The alloy of the invention improves the morphology of silicon particles by adding Sr or Sr+B to refine the eutectic Si and dendrites in the structure during smelting. Improve the distribution of silicon particles during thermal deformation to make the structure uniform. The addition of Mg allows the alloy to be strengthened by solution aging. The strength, hardness and wear resistance of the prepared profiles in the T6 heat treatment state are much higher than those of the 6000 series profiles, and the elongation is slightly lower, but they are all higher than the national standard.

2. low cost. The alloy series of the invention uses silicon instead of aluminum, which can reduce the consumption of electrolytic aluminum. For example, the near-eutectic aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with a silicon content of about 12.3% can reduce the amount of electrolytic aluminum by about 12%, reduce power consumption, and save energy and protect the environment.

3. Low flow stress for thermal deformation. The rheological resistance of the alloy series in the invention is equivalent to that of common aluminum profiles during thermal deformation, and the aluminum profiles can be prepared through thermal deformation conveniently.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural diagram of the Al-12.3Si-0.4Mg alloy of Example 1 in the cast state in the present invention.

Fig. 2 is the microstructure diagram of the Al-12.3Si-0.4Mg alloy of Example 1 in the present invention after hot extrusion.

Detailed ways

An aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile according to the present invention is composed of the following components according to the weight percentage:

Silicon: 5.0%—14.0%,

Magnesium: 0.2%—0.7%,

Boron: <0.03%,

Strontium: <0.06%,

Enhancement elements: 0.1%-6.55%,

Impurity elements: <0.25%,

Aluminum: Balance.

Impurity elements refer to any one or combination of iron, tin, lead, and calcium. For example, the impurity element may be composed of two elements of iron and tin; the impurity element may be a combination of three elements of iron, lead and calcium. As a preferred solution, the impurity elements are composed of four elements: iron, tin, lead and calcium, and the weight percentage of the impurity elements in the aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile is preferably: iron<0.2%, tin<0.01%, lead<0.01% , Calcium <0.03%. The reinforcing element refers to any one or combination of titanium, manganese and boron. For example, the reinforcing element may be a combination of titanium and manganese; the reinforcing element may be boron. As a preferred solution, the reinforcing element is composed of titanium, manganese and boron, and the weight percentage of the reinforcing element in the aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile is preferably: copper: 2.5%-5.0%, titanium: Ti0.1%-0.35 %, Manganese: 0.3%-1.2%.

The aluminum-silicon-based aluminum alloy with a silicon content of 5.0% to 14.0% by weight is mostly used for casting molding due to its excellent casting properties. Adding a small amount of Mg to the cast aluminum-silicon-based alloy can greatly improve its strength performance. Cast aluminum-silicon-based alloys in this composition range adopt hot deformation, including but not limited to extrusion, rolling, forging and drawing, and their strength, hardness and wear resistance are much higher than those of 6000 series Al-SiMg alloy profiles, and their elastic modulus Slightly improved, the elongation is the same. However, this alloy series uses silicon instead of aluminum, which can reduce the consumption of electrolytic aluminum. For example, the near-eutectic aluminum-silicon-magnesium alloy with a silicon content of about 12.3% can reduce the consumption of electrolytic aluminum by about 12%, reduce power consumption, and save energy and protect the environment. .

The preparation process of the above-mentioned aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile comprises the following steps:

Step 1: Put the aluminum-silicon alloy into a graphite crucible, heat it to 760°C with a resistance wire to melt it, and keep it warm for 30 minutes to form a melt.

The second step: adding magnesium element, silicon element and reinforcing element to the melt prepared in the first step, so that the weight percentage of silicon element is between 5.0% and 14.0%, and the weight percentage of magnesium element is between 0.2% and 0.7%. Among them, the weight percentage of reinforcing elements is between 0.1% and 6.55%. After 30 minutes of heat preservation, the temperature is lowered to 730°C to form a melt.

The third step: adding hexachloroethane to the melt obtained in the second step for refining, and standing for 10 minutes to form a melt.

The fourth step: add strontium element to the melt obtained in the third step to modify the quality, the weight percentage of the strontium element is between 0.03% and 0.06%, after 30 minutes of heat preservation, a melt is formed; after 5 minutes of heat preservation, the melt Cast the body into a cast iron mold preheated to 200 degrees Celsius, and form an ingot after natural cooling;

In the fourth step, Al ₃ B is added to the melt, wherein the boron element accounts for less than 0.03% by weight of the entire melt, and the temperature is kept for 5 minutes, and then an ingot is prepared.

Step 5: After homogenizing and annealing the ingot obtained in Step 4, perform hot extrusion and hot rolling deformation at a temperature of 400°C-550°C, and then perform solution treatment at a temperature of 500°C-550°C , the solution treatment time is 3-6 hours, followed by aging treatment at a temperature of 150°C-250°C, and the aging treatment time is 3-20 hours, so as to obtain aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles.

In the fifth step, after the ingot is homogenized and annealed, hot extrusion and hot rolling are carried out at a temperature of 400° C. to 550° C., and the obtained profile is quenched into an extruded profile. Solution treatment and aging treatment are T6 treatments in the field of metal materials. The profiles after solution treatment and aging treatment are T6 treated profiles.

Two examples of preparing aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles using the preparation process of the present invention are given below.

Example 1

The raw material is ZL102 (ZL102 means cast aluminum 102, the silicon content is 10.0%-13.0%, and the balance is aluminum). Add ZL102 into the graphite crucible, heat it to 760°C with resistance wire, keep it warm for 30 minutes; then add 0.4wt% pure magnesium to ZL102, keep it warm for 30 minutes, then cool down to 730°C, add hexachloroethane to refine , after standing for 10 minutes, add strontium Sr element, after 30 minutes of heat preservation, a melt is formed; after 5 minutes of heat preservation, the obtained melt is cast into a cast iron mold preheated to 200 degrees Celsius, and naturally cooled to form an ingot. After homogenization annealing, hot extrusion and hot rolling deformation are carried out at a temperature of 400°C-550°C, and then solution treatment is carried out at a temperature of 500°C-550°C, and the solution treatment time is 3-6 hours. Aging treatment is carried out at a temperature between 150°C and 250°C, and the aging treatment time is 3-20 hours, so as to obtain aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles.

The chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile was measured with an ICP direct-reading spectrometer, and the results are as follows: Si: 12.3%, Mg: 0.411%, Fe: 0.151%, Sr: 0.020%, Pb: <0.0005, Sn: <0.001, Ca: 0.00080, the balance is Al. The microstructure of the Al-12.3Si-0.4Mg alloy in Example 1 in the as-cast state and after hot extrusion was photographed with a metallographic microscope, and the results are shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 . It can be seen from the two figures that the hot extrusion process makes the silicon particles distribute along the streamline, and the dispersion is more uniform. Improve the strength of the material and improve the plasticity of the material.

The extruded sample after quenching and the T6 treated sample were processed into a plate-shaped tensile sample by wire cutting, and three parallel samples were taken for each state. According to the national standard "GBT228-2002 Metal Materials Tensile Test Method at Room Temperature", on the WJ-10 mechanical universal testing machine, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the extruded sample and the T6 treated sample were tested. The test results are shown in Table 1.

的圆柱体，在535℃下进行均匀化退火6小时后水淬；在Gleeble3500热模拟机将试样以5℃/s的升温速度加热到相应温度，保温1分钟，以相应的真应变速率进行热压缩模拟，至真应变为1。记录下热压缩过程的真应力-真应变曲线，取各变现条件下的稳态流变应力得到表2。结果如表2所示。表2中的第一列表示温度，表2的第一行表示应变速率。从表2可以看出：该合金在400℃到500℃之间具有较小的流变抗力，具有很好的挤压性能。In addition, the Al-12.3Si-0.4Mg alloy of Example 1 was subjected to thermal compression simulation experiments on a Gleeble 3500 thermal simulator to obtain the steady-state flow stress (MPa) at different temperatures and different strain rates. The process of the thermal compression simulation experiment is: processing the material into the required thermal compression simulation

The cylinder was subjected to homogenization annealing at 535°C for 6 hours and then water quenched; in the Gleeble3500 thermal simulator, the sample was heated to the corresponding temperature at a heating rate of 5°C/s, kept for 1 minute, and carried out at the corresponding true strain rate Thermal compression simulation, until the true strain is 1. Record the true stress-true strain curve of the thermal compression process, and take the steady-state flow stress under each realization condition to obtain Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2. The first column in Table 2 indicates temperature, and the first row of Table 2 indicates strain rate. It can be seen from Table 2 that the alloy has a small rheological resistance between 400°C and 500°C and has good extrusion performance.

Table 1

Table 2

Example 2

The preparation process is the same as that of Example 1, the difference: on the one hand, the raw material used in Example 2 is ZL101 (ZL101 means cast aluminum 101, containing 6.5%-7.5% silicon, 0.25%-0.45% magnesium, and the balance Aluminum), on the other hand: add 0.2wt% pure magnesium to ZL101 to supplement the burning loss of magnesium, instead of 0.4wt% pure magnesium in Example 1.

The chemical composition of the aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile was measured with an ICP direct-reading spectrometer, and the results are as follows: Si: 6.99%, Mg: 0.560%, Fe: 0.124%, Sr: 0.011%, Ti: 0.131%, Pb: <0.0005, Sn: <0.001, Ca:0.00070, the balance is Al. The extruded sample after quenching and the T6 treated sample were processed into a plate-shaped tensile sample by wire cutting, and three parallel samples were taken for each state. According to the national standard "GBT228-2002 Metal Materials Tensile Test Method at Room Temperature", on the WJ-10 mechanical universal testing machine, the yield strength, tensile strength and elongation of the extruded sample and the T6 treated sample were tested. The test results are shown in Table 3.

table 3

From the mechanical performance test results of the above two examples, it can be seen that this series of alloys can be conveniently formed by extrusion, and the mechanical properties of the alloy in the T6 state far exceed the requirements of the mechanical performance standard of the 6063 alloy in the same state.

Claims (5)

1. An aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile, characterized in that, according to the percentage by weight, the aluminum profile consists of the following components: Silicon: 5.0%—14.0%, Magnesium: 0.2%—0.7%, Boron: <0.03%, Strontium: <0.06%, Enhancement elements: 0.1%-6.55%, Impurity elements: <0.25%, Aluminum: balance; The impurity element refers to any one or combination of iron, tin, lead and calcium, and the reinforcing element refers to any one or combination of titanium, manganese and boron. 2. The aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile according to claim 1, wherein, in terms of weight percentage, among the reinforcing elements, copper: 2.5%-5.0%, titanium: Ti0.1%-0.35%, manganese: 0.3%-1.2%. 3. The aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile according to claim 1, wherein, in terms of weight percentage, among the impurity elements, iron<0.2%, tin<0.01%, lead<0.01%, and calcium<0.03%. 4. A preparation process for the aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profile according to claim 1, characterized in that the preparation process comprises the following steps: Step 1: Put the aluminum-silicon alloy into a graphite crucible, heat it to 760°C with a resistance wire to melt it, and keep it warm for 30 minutes to form a melt; The second step: adding magnesium element, silicon element and reinforcing element to the melt prepared in the first step, so that the weight percentage of silicon element is between 5.0% and 14.0%, and the weight percentage of magnesium element is between 0.2% and 0.7%. Between, the weight percentage of reinforcing elements is between 0.1% and 6.55%, after 30 minutes of heat preservation, then cool down to 730°C to form a melt; The third step: adding hexachloroethane to the melt obtained in the second step for refining, and leaving it to stand for 10 minutes to form a melt; The fourth step: add strontium element to the melt obtained in the third step to modify the quality, the weight percentage of strontium element is between 0.03%-0.06%, after 30 minutes of heat preservation, a melt is formed; after 5 minutes of heat preservation, the melt Cast the body into a cast iron mold preheated to 200 degrees Celsius, and form an ingot after natural cooling; Step 5: After homogenizing and annealing the ingot obtained in Step 4, perform hot extrusion and hot rolling deformation at a temperature of 400°C-550°C, and then perform solution treatment at a temperature of 500°C-550°C , the solution treatment time is 3-6 hours, followed by aging treatment at a temperature of 150°C-250°C, and the aging treatment time is 3-20 hours, so as to obtain aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles. 5. According to the preparation process of aluminum-silicon-based aluminum profiles according to claim 4, it is characterized in that in the fourth step, Al ₃ B is added to the melt, wherein the boron element accounts for 1% of the entire melt The weight percentage is less than 0.03%.

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