CN1027678C - 含有含除臭剂的聚合物基质的卫生巾及其制法 - Google Patents

含有含除臭剂的聚合物基质的卫生巾及其制法 Download PDF

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CN1027678C
CN1027678C CN88106292A CN88106292A CN1027678C CN 1027678 C CN1027678 C CN 1027678C CN 88106292 A CN88106292 A CN 88106292A CN 88106292 A CN88106292 A CN 88106292A CN 1027678 C CN1027678 C CN 1027678C
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施穆埃尔·达比
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Abstract

本文提示了向亲水性、可溶胀性、水不溶性的吸收性并经交联的聚合物中加入除臭剂粉末(包括不同的作用机制)的方法，将该可溶胀性聚合物涂布于薄而具屈挠性的基质，例如无纺织物网料、吸水薄纸或对水不敏感的薄膜，并且所得的屈挠性结构物中含有经固定而成为不散发粉尘和稳定状态的除臭剂粉末；以及将它们用作为体液吸收性结构，例如卫生巾的一种或多种组分。

Description

本发明涉及向亲水性、可溶胀和水不溶性的吸收性交联聚合物中加入除臭剂粉末的方法，并且该可溶胀聚合物是涂布到一层薄而具屈挠性的基质上，例如无纺织物网料、吸水薄纸或对水不敏感的薄膜，还涉及使得到的含有该除臭剂粉末的屈挠性结构处于不散发粉尘的稳定状态，以及它们作为体液吸收性结构组分的用途。
来自身体排出物，例如月经和尿液的气味可应用多种活性化合物而有效地消除或减弱。可利用多种机制来减弱气味：1）由活性成分消灭或杀灭形成气味物质的微生物（例如用杀菌剂）;2）由活性成分去干扰导致形成气味物质的代谢循环（抗酶，例如乙二胺四乙酸）;3）用化学方法中和气味物质（例如用碳酸氢钠中和脂肪酸）;4）利用对物质的强力物理吸附作用（例如，活性碳）。还已知其他一些机制。在本发明中，术语“除臭剂”和“防臭剂”是通用的，并包括无论涉及何种具体除臭机制的全部这样的活性成分。
大部分除臭物质都是粉末状存在的，因此很容易散发粉尘并且难于加入并保持在市售的体液吸收性产品如卫生巾或尿布之中。此外，还必须在该除臭活性化合物与体液之间产生良好（有时要长时间）的接触，才能发挥减弱气味的作用。
本发明是利用一种聚合物体系来解决其中某些问题，该聚合物体系有助于将除臭剂粉末加入到卫生巾和其他吸收性产品中，并将它们保持在其中成为不散发粉尘状态，同时能够与被吸收的体液有良好接触。此处所用的“卫生巾”一词包括通常用于吸收月经液体或阴道排出液的除 止血塞之外的一切产品，无论其为卫生巾、裤遮层、裤内衬或其他相同或类似涵义的名称，均包括在内。
Kimberly-Clark的美国专利4，547，195号中描述了一种卫生巾，其中包括一种不良气味抵制剂，并将之加到一块吸收材料垫片中，然后将之折叠，使除臭剂集中在吸收量最多的部位。在Beghin-Say的WO    8403-631-A中揭示了另一种能更好利用活性成分的方法，其中要求保护的方法是将超吸收性颗粒与抗菌剂并置。该组合物的制备是将不溶性聚电解质（超吸收剂）和抗菌剂一起在甲醇中制成浆状液，然后进行蒸发。这样就在两种物质之间产生某些粘附。但是一般不能含有粉末物质，否则不能制成不散发粉尘的产品，因为它们不是包在该聚合物中。
本发明优于已有技术之处在于，通过将活性的除臭粉末固定而可以制成不散发粉尘的结构，并且该活性成分仍能发挥效能。上述方法的另一优点是该种粉末/水中溶胀性复合物可以在任何基质上原地形成，然后可以把它应用在最终产品上需要的任何具体位置。
本发明的目的是涉及一种含有除臭剂粉末的体液吸收性结构，包括一种薄而有屈挠性的基质，例如无纺织物网料、吸水薄纸或对水不敏感的薄膜，在该基质上涂布含有一种粉末除臭剂的亲水性、水不溶性并且水中可溶胀的交联聚合物薄膜，并通过将该粉末除臭剂全部或部分加入到所述聚合物薄膜涂布层中而将之固定，成为不散发粉尘的状态，另一目的是它们的组分，亦即该经过涂布的基质，并且该基质含有固定在该可溶胀性、交联聚合物薄膜涂布层之中的粉末除臭剂。
本发明的聚合物体系是应用亲水性、水中可溶胀性、水不溶性的吸收性聚合物（即吸收剂和超吸收剂），它把该种活性除臭剂粉末完全或部分地包封在内。优选的聚合物是水溶性、成膜性的聚合物，并通过交联作用使它们具有不溶性。此类聚合物的实例包括聚（甲基）丙烯酸的铵盐或碱金属盐，聚丙烯酰胺，聚乙烯醇以及淀粉衍生物。在美国专利 3，926，891（Dow），4，154，898（Dow）和4，645，785（Personal    Products）中，以及在R.L.Davidson所著“Water    Soluble    Resins”，Reinhold    Publishing    Corp.，1962书中106页描述了这些和其他可用的聚合物，并且都是已知的物质。
在进行消除溶解性（或交联）步骤以前，先将活性除臭剂粉末分散在该聚合物溶液中，然后将之交联并干燥。在许多场合中，可将该含有粉末的聚合物溶液涂布于基质上，例如涂布于纺织纤维的无纺织物网料（一般由聚酯纤维制造）或吸水薄纸或对水不敏感的薄膜，例如聚丙烯和聚乙烯薄膜，然后在原位进行交联，形成含有活性除臭剂物质的水中溶胀性聚合物在该基质上的薄涂布层。这种复合物的独特性在于，该种易散发粉尘的除臭剂粉末这时以不散发粉尘的状态包含在其中，但当与能将作包封的聚合物溶胀的水质液体，例如身体排出液接触时，仍能发挥其除臭功能。此外，由于围绕着该活性除臭剂的吸收材料把身体排出液或其他水质液体固定住，并且保持与除臭剂密切接触，从而能使除臭剂发挥最大效能。
对于所用特定亲水性聚合物的选择取决于所用活性除臭剂的类型，所需要的吸收性复合物以及制造该吸收性结构时所使用方法的条件。
优选的方式是所用的方法包括将该活性除臭剂粉末（或当该除臭剂已事先溶于一种溶剂中时，则将该除臭剂液体）分散于该亲水性聚合物的水溶液中，加入一种交联剂，然后将之干燥并进行交联（见实例Ⅰ）。
另一种优选的方法是首先涂布该亲水性聚合物的一层薄膜，然后喷涂一种交联剂或胶凝交联剂的溶液（见实例Ⅱ）。在这种方法中，活性除臭剂可以包含在先涂或后涂的组分中。将聚合物和胶凝剂分先后施涂的方式还有助于克服该聚合物溶液和活性成分之间的许多相容性问题。例如，一种聚丙烯酸钠的水溶液不能容受即使是少量的含二价或三价离子，例如钙、镁和铝离子的活性成分。在此情况下，可以分先后施涂聚 合物层和除臭剂层。
由于本发明是将除臭剂固定在基质上，所以有可能设计出甚至更高效能的除臭吸收性卫生巾和其他此类的最终产品结构。不同的除臭剂是专门针对某种气味的产生有效，但常常不能一起使用，因为若将它们制成同一基质涂层料时将会相互起作用。但是，将这些互不相容的除臭剂分开加入到不同的基质上，然后在最终产品结构中使用含有不同除臭剂的薄而有屈挠性的基质，就可以解决这种不相容的问题。（见实例Ⅲ所示之做法）。
聚合物对活性成分的比例取决于最终性能指标和该方法的条件。对于本发明的目的，其比例范围（重量百分数）在5%粉末-95%聚合物和80%粉末-20%聚合物之间。
体液吸收性结构通常由多层材料组成，例如，许多种卫生巾和一次性尿布都有一个面层、一个背底层和一个内部吸收材料层。本发明的该种由无纺织物网料、吸水薄纸或对水不敏感性薄膜所制成的薄而具屈挠性基质，在涂布含有除臭剂的水中溶胀性聚合物之后即可很方便地加入到该种体液吸收性结构中任何需要的位置。例如，在已使用适当的无纺织物网料或不透水薄膜作为卫生巾部分或全部结构的场合，可以首先涂布含有所需粉末状除臭剂的亲水性、水不溶性、水中可溶胀性的经交联的聚合物薄膜，并使该粉末除臭剂固定于所述涂层中，然后按前述方式应用于该卫生巾结构中。虽然本发明并未严格规定该已涂布基质在该吸收性产品结构中实际摆放的位置，但可将它放在任何需要的位置，以便在实际使用中体液一经被吸收就有粉末除臭剂去接触这些体液，较好方式是将之放在尽可能接近身体的位置，例如在面向身体的材料层上，或紧靠在面向身体层之下。
许多种市售的卫生巾都具有类似美国专利4，217，901号中所描述的结构，其中包括（1）的长方形吸收材料垫（由任何适宜的吸收性材料制 成，例如经粉碎的木浆纤维，棉籽绒，人造丝纤维，棉短纤维等等）作为内芯，（2）不透过体液的阻隔层（由聚乙烯或聚丙烯制成）放在该吸收材料垫的面向内衣一面，它的作用是防止已吸收的体液透过去而弄湿或染污内衣，（3）在吸收材料垫外面包一层吸水薄纸，（4）可透过体液的覆盖层（可由任何常用的吸收材料制成，例如纱布，用粘合剂加固的无纺织物等等）来包封由吸水薄纸裹包的吸收材材垫和不透体液的阻隔层，（5）在面向内衣的表面可以任选加上粘结性条带，适用于准备粘附在穿衣者的内衣上的产品。
本发明的含有除臭剂的基质，例如按实例Ⅱ所制的的复合材料可以直接在上述类型卫生巾结构的面层材料之下作为一层来使用。
在卫生巾、裤内衬等产品中，已知还有许多种其他结构，有些省去了上述的吸收薄纸（3），但大多数结构都包括隔水层（2）和吸收材料垫（1）。
本发明的该种基质可应用于卫生巾中的各种不同位置，关于所放位置的选择将决定所要求的具体基质，甚至它们可以取代某些需用的材料层。因此，该种对水不敏感的薄膜基质可以用作为上述的隔水层（2），同时该吸水薄纸基质可以代替上述的（3），或可以用作为该吸水薄纸（3）之间的单独一层，而该无纺织物基质可以放在上述体液透过盖层（4）之下，或者放在上述吸收材料垫（1）的任何一面，或甚至放在它的里面。
用于本发明的该基质可以由能形成薄的屈挠性网料或薄膜的任何材料制成。对用于市售的体液吸收性结构，例如卫生巾和尿布在原材料和制造成本方面都必须精打细算的适用的基质实例包括无纺织物网料，如聚酯和聚丙稀网料，吸水薄纸，如由Showano    Paper    Mills（地址，美国Wisconsin，Shawano    Falls）出售的皱纹吸水薄纸，以及不透水薄膜，如聚乙烯和聚丙烯薄膜。
以下的实例是为了更好地阐明本发明，而非对本发明的限定。
实例1
将100g聚丙烯酸（12.5%固定物，Acrysol    A-5型，Rohm    &    Haas供货）水溶液用6g    50%氢氧化钠中和至pH＝7。向此已中和的溶液中加入2g活性炭（Darco    G-60型，ICI供货）制成浆液，并加入0.2g交联剂（XAMA-7型，Virginia    Chemical-Celanese供货）。用所得的溶液在一块聚乙烯片料上铸成厚度254μm（10mil）的薄膜，然后于60℃干燥20分钟。
当用1%    NaCl水溶液（模拟体液）润湿该铸型薄膜涂层时，它立即溶胀，并且该活性炭除臭剂周围的液体被固定住。
在本实例中所用的具体聚合物可以用聚甲基丙烯酸盐以及至少作为盐的形式为水溶性的（甲基）丙烯酸的任何其他共聚物所成功地代替。
在此实例中具体使用的除臭剂，即活性炭可以由其他粉末状除臭剂所成功代替。
在此实例中具体使用的基质，即聚乙烯片料可以由制造卫生巾一般使用的其他基质所成功地代替，例如无纺织物，吸收材料垫，吸水薄纸，可以用相同方式将它们用于制造含有一种或多种除臭剂的卫生巾。
实例2
将聚乙烯醇（88%水解度，分子量125，000）制成15%的水溶液。向100g此溶液中溶解2.5g碳酸氢钠。然后用6g所得溶液在用聚硅氧烷涂布的防粘纸上铸成厚度10密尔（0.25mm）的薄膜。向铸好的湿膜上喷涂1.5g 2%硼砂水溶液（胶凝交联剂）。将所得的湿凝胶干燥，留下一层包封有碳酸氢钠的透明薄膜。另外的方法，将该聚乙烯醇/碳酸氢钠溶液涂布在薄的聚酯网料（23.7g/m2，即0.7oz/yd2）上，然后喷涂硼砂溶液。该涂布层的单位面积重量大致上等于起始时该网料的单位面积重量。可采用两种不同方法涂布，一种是网料两面都涂布，另一种是只涂布网料的一面。然后可将它们放在一般卫生巾的盖层之下，当使用只有一面涂层的网料时，较好的方式是使已涂层的一面不向着身体。
将一种水中含有异戊酸、丁酸和乳酸的合成液体（模拟一般的酸败气味）沉积到前述的薄膜上，其气味几乎立即消失掉。
还进行了另外一种实验来表明已包封的碳酸氢钠的可利用性：含有溴酚蓝指示剂的5%乳酸溶液当pH低于5时为暗红色。但当将前述的薄膜与之接触后，该溶液立即变为蓝色，表示乳酸已被包封的碳酸氢钠有效地中和掉。
实例3
在本实例中，把两种不相容的除臭剂分别固定在两种不同的基质，于是可以设计出更高效能的结构。由于这样的结构能够把中和酸的物质（碳酸氢钠）与中和胺的物质（聚丙烯酸）分开，因此每一种都针对相应的气味物质发挥活性，但它们又不会互相中和。为此，第一层的制备是在23.7g/m2（0.7oz/yd2）的聚酯网料上涂布按实例Ⅱ所述的聚乙烯醇和碳酸氢钠溶液。粉末和聚乙烯醇的总涂加量对该网料比为1∶1。第二层的制备是在23.7g/m2（0.7oz/yd2）的聚酯网料上涂布按实例Ⅰ所述的聚丙烯酸/活性炭组合物，不同之处是把聚丙烯酸中和到pH＝4。涂加量比例也是1∶1。借助于使大部分羧基是处于其酸的形式，这一层能够立即中和掉未受面层作用的氨和胺类型的气味。可以按前述将这两层制成为一体的除臭剂嵌入物而使用在卫生巾中。

Claims (10)

1、一种卫生巾，它含有一种涂布有亲水性、水不溶性、水可溶胀性的含有粉末状除臭剂的聚合物薄膜的基质作为其部分结构，它可以通过将粉末状除臭剂在水溶性成膜聚合物的水溶液中的分散液施涂于基质上，然后使聚合物就地进行交联，从而在所述基质上形成水可溶胀性聚合物薄膜得到。
2、根据权利要求1的卫生巾，其特征在于，所述基质是无纺织物网料、吸水薄纸或对水不敏感性薄膜。
3、根据权利要求1的卫生巾，其特征在于，所述含除臭剂的基质直接放在所述卫生巾面向身体那一层材料的下面。
4、根据权利要求2的卫生巾，其特征在于，所述含除臭剂的基质直接放在所述卫生巾面向身体那一层材料的下面。
5、根据权利要求1-4中任一项的卫生巾，其特征在于，它可通过将碳酸氢钠和硼砂在聚乙烯基醇的水溶液中的分散液施涂到所述基质上，然后使所述聚合物就地交联而得到。
6、根据权利要求5的卫生巾，其特征在于，被施涂的是面向身体的材料层。
7、根据权利要求6的卫生巾，其特征在于，被施涂的是面向身体的材料层的远离身体的一面。
8、根据权利要求1-4和6-7中任一项的卫生巾，其特征在于，至少有两种不同的基质，每种基质在其上面涂布有不同的粉末状的除臭剂。
9、根据权利要求5的卫生巾，其特征在于，至少有两种不同的基质，每种基质在其上面涂布有不同的粉末状的除臭剂。
10、制备权利要求1-9中任一项所述的卫生巾的方法，包括用亲水性、水不溶性、水可溶胀性的含粉末状除臭剂的聚合物薄膜涂布基质，其特征在于，将所述粉末状除臭剂在水溶性成膜聚合物的水溶液中的分散液施涂到所述基质上，然后，使聚合物就地交联以在基质上形成水可溶胀的聚合物薄膜。
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DE3877281T2 (de) 1993-07-22
GR880100555A (en) 1989-05-25
GR1000338B (el) 1992-06-25
EP0304952A3 (en) 1989-10-18
IN171312B (zh) 1992-09-19
US4992326A (en) 1991-02-12
DE3877281D1 (de) 1993-02-18
NZ225846A (en) 1990-09-26
MY103909A (en) 1993-10-30
EP0304952B1 (en) 1993-01-07
ATE84225T1 (de) 1993-01-15
PH26761A (en) 1992-09-28
IE61194B1 (en) 1994-10-19
JP2868522B2 (ja) 1999-03-10
EP0304952A2 (en) 1989-03-01
AU627429B2 (en) 1992-08-27
IE882613L (en) 1989-02-28
ZA886375B (en) 1990-04-25
BR8804401A (pt) 1989-03-28
ES2053649T3 (es) 1994-08-01
AU2143088A (en) 1989-03-02
CA1330936C (en) 1994-07-26
JPS6483264A (en) 1989-03-29
CN1031545A (zh) 1989-03-08

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