CN102810732B - A kind of antenna and there is the mimo antenna of this antenna - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna. The antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a feeder, and a metal sheet attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate. The feeder is fed into the metal sheet through coupling. Metal traces are formed on the metal sheet, and the antenna is preset with a space for embedding electronic components. According to the antenna of the present invention, by setting a space for embedding electronic components on the antenna, and fine-tuning the performance of the antenna by changing the performance of the embedded electronic components, an antenna meeting the requirements of adaptability and versatility is designed. In addition, the present invention also relates to a MIMO antenna having a plurality of above-mentioned antennas.

Description

Antenna and MIMO antenna having the antenna

technical field

The invention belongs to the communication field, and in particular relates to an antenna and a MIMO antenna with the antenna.

Background technique

With the high development of semiconductor technology, higher and higher requirements are put forward for the integration of today's electronic systems, and the miniaturization of devices has become a technical issue of great concern to the entire industry. However, unlike the development of IC chips following "Moore's Law", radio frequency modules, another important component of electronic systems, face the difficult technical challenge of device miniaturization. The radio frequency module mainly includes main components such as frequency mixing, power amplifier, filter, radio frequency signal transmission, matching network and antenna. Among them, the antenna is the radiating unit and receiving device of the final radio frequency signal, and its working characteristics will directly affect the working performance of the entire electronic system. However, important indicators such as antenna size, bandwidth, gain, and radiation efficiency are limited by basic physical principles (gain limit, bandwidth limit, etc. at a fixed size). The basic principles of these index limits make the miniaturization of antennas far more difficult than other devices, and due to the complexity of electromagnetic field analysis of radio frequency devices, approaching these limit values has become a huge technical challenge.

At the same time, with the complexity of modern electronic systems, the demand for multi-mode services is becoming more and more important in systems such as wireless communication, wireless access, satellite communication, and wireless data networks. The demand for multi-mode services further increases the complexity of multi-mode design for miniaturized antennas. In addition to the technical challenge of miniaturization, the multi-mode impedance matching of the antenna has also become the bottleneck of the antenna technology. On the other hand, the rapid development of multiple-input multiple-output systems (MIMO) in the field of wireless communication and wireless data services further requires the miniaturization of antenna size while ensuring good isolation, radiation performance and anti-interference ability. However, traditional terminal communication antennas are mainly designed based on the radiation principle of electric monopole or dipole, such as the most commonly used planar inverted F antenna (PIFA). The radiation operating frequency of a traditional antenna is directly related to the size of the antenna, and the bandwidth is directly related to the area of the antenna, so that the design of the antenna usually requires a physical length of half a wavelength. In some more complex electronic systems, the antenna needs to work in multiple modes, and an additional impedance matching network design is required before feeding into the antenna. However, the impedance matching network additionally increases the feeder design of the electronic system and increases the area of the radio frequency system. At the same time, the matching network also introduces a lot of energy loss, which is difficult to meet the system design requirements of low power consumption. Therefore, the miniaturized and multi-mode new antenna technology has become an important technical bottleneck of contemporary electronic integrated systems.

At the same time, there are large differences in the working environment and electromagnetic characteristics of antennas in different products, which will lead to large differences in antenna performance in design and use, so the designed antenna must have strong adaptability and versatility. To sum up, the original technology will encounter the problems of versatility and performance differences in use.

Contents of the invention

A technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an antenna which has a Strong adaptability and versatility.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: an antenna, the antenna includes a dielectric substrate, a feeder, and a metal sheet attached to one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the feeder is fed into the metal sheet through coupling. A micro-groove structure is hollowed out on the metal sheet to form metal traces on the metal sheet, and the antenna is preset with a space for embedding electronic components.

Further, the space is provided on at least one of the three positions of the feeder line, between the feeder line and the metal sheet, and the metal sheet.

Further, the space is provided on the metal wiring on the metal sheet.

Further, the space is provided on the micro-groove structure and connects the metal wires on both sides of the micro-groove structure.

Further, the electronic components are inductive electronic components, capacitive electronic components or resistors.

Further, the space is a pad formed on the antenna.

Further, the range of the inductance value of the inductive electronic component is between 0-5uH.

Further, the range of the capacitance value of the capacitive electronic element is between 0-2pF.

Further, the microgroove structure is one of a complementary split resonant ring structure, a complementary helical wire structure, a split helical ring structure, a double split helical ring structure and a complementary meander line structure or is derived from the previous structures , Composite or arrayed microgroove structure.

Implementing the antenna of the present invention has the following beneficial effects compared to the existing antennas: by setting a space for embedding electronic components in at least one of the feeder, between the feeder and the metal sheet, and at least one of the three positions of the metal sheet, it can be changed by changing The performance of the embedded electronic components fine-tunes the performance of the antenna to design an antenna that meets the requirements of adaptability and versatility.

Another problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a MIMO antenna.

The solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned technical problems is: a MIMO antenna, the MIMO antenna includes a plurality of above-mentioned antennas.

According to the MIMO antenna of the present invention, in addition to the characteristics of the antenna itself, it also has a high degree of isolation, and the anti-interference ability between multiple antennas is strong.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the antenna structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the first embodiment of the antenna of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the second embodiment of the antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of a third embodiment of the antenna of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural diagram of a fourth embodiment of the antenna of the present invention;

FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a fifth embodiment of the antenna of the present invention;

Figure 7a is a schematic diagram of a complementary split resonant ring structure;

Figure 7b shows a schematic diagram of a complementary helix structure;

Figure 7c shows a schematic diagram of an open helical ring structure;

Figure 7d shows a schematic diagram of a double-opened helical ring structure;

Figure 7e is a schematic diagram of a complementary bend line structure;

Fig. 8a is a schematic diagram of the geometric shape derivation of the complementary split resonator structure shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 8b is a schematic diagram of the extended derivation of the complementary split resonant ring structure shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 9a is a composite structural schematic diagram of three complementary split resonant ring structures shown in Fig. 7a;

Fig. 9b is a composite schematic diagram of two complementary split resonant ring structures shown in Fig. 7a and the complementary helical wire structure shown in Fig. 7b;

FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of four complementary split resonator ring structures shown in FIG. 7a after they are arrayed.

detailed description

In order to describe the structure of the antenna of the present invention better, Fig. 1 adopts the perspective drawing method, as shown in Fig. sheet 4, the feeder 2 is fed into the metal sheet 4 through coupling, the metal sheet is hollowed out with a micro-groove structure 41 to form a metal trace 42 on the metal sheet, and the antenna 100 is preset for embedded electronic components space6. In FIGS. 1 to 6 , the hatched part on the metal sheet 4 is the metal trace 42 , and the blank part (hollowed out part) on the metal sheet 4 represents the microgroove structure 41 . In addition, the feeder 2 is also indicated by hatching.

The feeder 2 is arranged around the metal sheet 4 to realize signal coupling. In addition, the metal sheet 4 may or may not be in contact with the feeder 2 . When the metal sheet 4 is in contact with the feeder 2, the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4 are inductively coupled; when the metal sheet 4 is not in contact with the feeder 2, the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4 are capacitively coupled.

The microgroove structure 41 in the present invention can be a complementary split resonant ring structure shown in FIG. 7a, a complementary helical wire structure shown in FIG. 7b, a split helical ring structure shown in FIG. One of the double-opened helical ring structure, the complementary bent line structure shown in Figure 7e, or the microgroove structure derived, compounded or arrayed from the previous structures. There are two types of derivation, one is geometric shape derivation, and the other is extended derivation. The geometric shape derivation here refers to the derivation of structures with similar functions but different shapes, such as deriving from a box-like structure to a curve-like structure, triangle class structure and other different polygonal class structures; the extended derivation here is to open a new groove on the basis of Fig. 7a to Fig. 7e to form a new micro-groove structure; the complementary split resonator ring structure shown in Fig. 7a is For example, FIG. 8a is a schematic diagram of its geometric shape derivation, and FIG. 8b is a schematic diagram of its geometric shape derivation. Recombination here means that multiple microgroove structures in Figure 7a to Figure 7e are superimposed to form a new microgroove structure, as shown in Figure 9a, which is the composite of three complementary split resonator ring structures shown in Figure 7a Schematic diagram of the structure; as shown in FIG. 9b, it is a schematic structural diagram of two complementary split ring structures shown in FIG. 7a and the complementary helical wire structure shown in FIG. 7b. The array here refers to a plurality of micro-groove structures shown in Figure 7a to Figure 7e arrayed on the same metal sheet to form an integral micro-groove structure, as shown in Figure 10, which is a plurality of complementary micro-groove structures as shown in Figure 7a Schematic diagram of the structure of the type split resonator ring structure after arraying. The present invention will be described below by taking the split helical ring structure shown in FIG. 7c as an example.

The present invention will be described in detail below in five embodiments.

first embodiment

As shown in Figure 2, in this embodiment, a space 51 for embedding inductive electronic components and/or resistors is preset on the feeder 2, and the preset position for embedding electronic components in the space can be any position on the feeder 2, and There can be more than one. Inductive electronic components can be embedded in the space 51 to change the inductance value on the feeder 2 . Use the formula: It can be seen that the magnitude of the inductance is inversely proportional to the square of the operating frequency, so when the required operating frequency is a lower operating frequency, it can be realized by embedding appropriate inductance or inductive electronic components. In this embodiment, the inductance value of the added inductive electronic element ranges from 0 to 5uH. If the alternating signal is too large, the inductive element will consume the inductive element, thereby affecting the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The antenna of this embodiment has good radiation characteristics of multiple frequency bands, five main radiation frequencies are distributed from 900MHz to 5.5GHz, almost covering GSM, CDMA, Bluetooth, W-Lan (IEEE802.11 protocol), GPS, Each major communication frequency such as TD-LTE has a very high degree of integration, and the purpose of changing the operating frequency of the antenna can be achieved by adjusting the inductance value on the feeder. Of course, resistors can also be embedded in the space 51 to improve the radiation resistance of the antenna. Certainly, there may be multiple spaces on the feeder, in which resistors and inductive electronic components are respectively embedded, which not only realizes the adjustment of the working frequency, but also improves the radiation resistance of the antenna. The space without electronic components can be short-circuited with wires.

Embodiment two

As shown in Figure 3, in this embodiment, a space 53 for embedding capacitive electronic components is preset between the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4, and the preset position for embedding the electronic component space may be the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4 anywhere in between. Space 53 in Fig. 3 is the space for embedding capacitive electronic components in this embodiment, and there is a certain capacitance between the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4. Here, the signal coupling between the feeder line and the metal sheet 4 is adjusted by embedding capacitive electronic components. , using the formula: It can be seen that the capacitance value is inversely proportional to the square of the operating frequency, so when the required operating frequency is a lower operating frequency, it can be realized by embedding appropriate capacitors or inductive electronic components. In this embodiment, the capacitance value range of the added capacitive electronic components is usually between 0-2pF, but the embedded capacitance value may also exceed the range of 0-2pF as the operating frequency of the antenna changes. Of course, multiple spaces can also be preset between the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4 . Also, in spaces where electronic components are not connected, wires are used to short-circuit.

Embodiment Three

As shown in Figure 4, in this embodiment, a space for embedding inductive electronic components and/or resistors is reserved on the metal trace 42 of the metal sheet, and the space for embedding electronic components is not limited to the space shown in the figure 55 and space 56, and other locations as long as the conditions are met. The purpose of embedding inductive electronic components here is to increase the inductance value of the resonant structure inside the metal sheet, thereby adjusting the resonant frequency and working bandwidth of the antenna; same as the first embodiment, the purpose of embedding resistors here is to improve the antenna's radiation resistance. As for embedding inductive electronic components or resistors, it depends on the needs. In addition, wires are used to short-circuit in the space where electronic components are not embedded.

Embodiment Four

As shown in FIG. 5 , in this embodiment, a space 57 for embedding capacitive electronic components is reserved on the microgroove structure 41 , and the space 57 connects the metal wires 42 on both sides of the microgroove structure 41 . The space for embedding electronic components is not limited to the space 57 shown in FIG. 5 , and other positions are acceptable as long as the conditions are met. Embedding capacitive electronic components can change the resonance performance of the metal sheet, and ultimately improve the Q value and resonance operating point of the antenna. As common knowledge, we know that the relationship between the passband BW, the resonant frequency w0 and the quality factor Q is: BW=wo/Q, this formula shows that the larger Q is, the narrower the passband is, and the smaller Q is, the wider the passband is. In addition: Q=wL/R=1/wRC, wherein, Q is the quality factor; w is the power frequency when the circuit resonates; L is the inductance; R is the resistance of the string; C is the capacitance, by Q=wL/R= The 1/wRC formula shows that Q and C are inversely proportional. Therefore, the Q value can be reduced by adding capacitive electronic components to widen the passband.

Embodiment five

As shown in FIG. 6 , in this embodiment, spaces for embedding electronic components are provided on the feeder 2 , between the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4 , and on the metal sheet 4 . Wherein, the space on the metal sheet 4 includes the space on the metal wiring 42 and the space on the micro-groove structure 41 and connecting the metal wiring 42 on both sides. Specifically, the space in this embodiment includes the space 61 on the feeder 2, the space 63 between the feeder 2 and the metal sheet 4, the spaces 65 and 66 on the metal wiring 42, the space 67 on the microgroove structure 41, and of course , the positions given in this embodiment are not unique. In this embodiment, electronic components are added to the above space to adjust the performance of the antenna. The principle is similar to that of embodiments 1 to 4, and this embodiment is no longer describe.

The reserved position of the space on the antenna 100 of the present invention is not limited to the above five forms, and the space only needs to be set on the antenna. For example, spaces may also be provided on a dielectric substrate.

The electronic components of the present invention are inductive electronic components, capacitive electronic components or resistors. After adding such electronic components in the reserved space of the antenna, various performances of the antenna can be improved. And by adding electronic components with different parameters, the performance parameters of the antenna can be adjusted. Therefore, the antenna of the present invention can have the same structure before adding any components, but by adding different electronic components at different positions, and the parameters (inductance value, resistance value, capacitance value) of the electronic components, the different antennas can be realized. performance parameters. That is, universality is achieved. The production cost can be greatly reduced.

The space in the present invention may be a pad or a vacancy. The structure of the pads can refer to pads on common circuit boards. Of course, the design of its size will vary according to different needs.

In addition, in the present invention, the dielectric substrate is made of ceramic material, polymer material, ferroelectric material, ferrite material or ferromagnetic material. Preferably, it is made of polymer materials, specifically polymer materials such as FR-4 and F4B.

In the present invention, the metal sheet is copper sheet or silver sheet. Copper sheet is preferred, which is cheap and has good electrical conductivity.

In the present invention, the feeder is made of the same material as the metal sheet. Copper is preferred.

In the present invention, regarding the processing and manufacturing of the antenna, as long as the design principle of the present invention is satisfied, various manufacturing methods can be adopted. The most common method is to use various printed circuit board (PCB) manufacturing methods. Of course, metallized through holes and double-sided copper-clad PCB manufacturing can also meet the processing requirements of the present invention. In addition to this processing method, other processing methods can also be introduced according to actual needs, such as the conductive silver paste ink processing method used in RFID (RFID is the abbreviation of Radio Frequency Identification, that is, radio frequency identification technology, commonly known as electronic tags), and various deformable devices. The flexible PCB processing, the processing method of the iron sheet antenna and the processing method of the combination of the iron sheet and the PCB. Among them, the combined processing method of iron sheet and PCB refers to the use of precise processing of PCB to complete the processing of the antenna micro-slot structure, and use iron sheet to complete other auxiliary parts. In addition, it can also be processed by etching, electroplating, drilling, photolithography, electron etching or ion etching.

The present invention also provides a MIMO antenna, and the MIMO antenna is composed of a plurality of antennas 100 mentioned above. MIMO here refers to multiple input multiple output. That is, all individual antennas 100 on the MIMO antenna transmit and receive simultaneously. The MIMO antenna can greatly increase the information throughput and transmission distance of the system without increasing the bandwidth or the total transmission power loss. In addition, the MIMO antenna of the present invention also has a high degree of isolation, and the anti-interference ability between multiple antennas is strong.

In the MIMO antenna of the present invention, the feeder of each antenna 100 is connected to a receiver/transmitter, and all receivers/transmitters are connected to a baseband signal processor.

Embodiments of the present invention have been described above in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned specific implementations, and the above-mentioned specific implementations are only illustrative, rather than restrictive, and those of ordinary skill in the art will Under the enlightenment of the present invention, many forms can also be made without departing from the gist of the present invention and the protection scope of the claims, and these all belong to the protection of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An antenna, characterized in that, the antenna comprises a dielectric substrate, a feeder, a metal sheet attached to a surface of the dielectric substrate, the feeder is fed into the metal sheet by coupling, and microgrooves are hollowed out on the metal sheet structure to form metal traces on the metal sheet, the antenna is preset with a space for electronic components to be embedded, wherein, The space is set on at least one of the three positions of the feeder, between the feeder and the metal sheet, and the metal sheet, and the electronic component is an inductive electronic component, a capacitive electronic component or a resistor, and the space is formed on the For the pad on the antenna, the range of the inductance value of the inductive electronic component is between 0-5uH, and the range of the capacitance value of the capacitive electronic component is between 0-2pF. 2. The antenna according to claim 1, wherein the space is provided on a metal trace on the metal sheet. 3 . The antenna according to claim 1 , wherein the space is arranged on the micro-groove structure and connects the metal wires on both sides of the micro-groove structure. 4 . 4. A MIMO antenna, characterized in that the MIMO antenna comprises a plurality of antennas according to claim 1.