CN102934603A - Asexual rapid propagation method of tea trees and root taking culture solution - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention is a method for asexual rapid propagation of tea trees, which includes the selection and cutting of cuttings, the cuttings are soaked in hormone culture solution and rooting culture solution, then cultured in nutrient soil, and finally hardened to grow into transplantable Planted tea seedlings, the rooting culture solution of the present invention has multiple macroelements and trace elements, and the cuttings soaked in the culture solution have a rooting rate of more than 85%. The rapid propagation method of the present invention has a short seedling cultivation period and a high survival rate. , can be produced repeatedly every year, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Description

A kind of asexual rapid propagation method of tea tree and rooting culture solution used in the method

technical field

The invention relates to crop cultivation technology, in particular to a method for asexual rapid propagation of tea trees and a rooting culture solution used in the method.

Background technique

Huangshan white tea (Camellia sinensis L.) is a variant of the Huangshan tea group, and it is a tea tree strain widely planted in and around Shexian County, Huangshan City, Anhui Province. At present, the vegetative propagation of tea trees usually adopts the technology of tea tree short ear core soil cuttings (or centerless soil short ear cuttings). The production cycle is at least one year, and the cycle is long. The survival rate of cutting seedlings is greatly affected by climate. The cost is high, labor and time-consuming. At the same time, in the process of site preparation for nurseries, it is necessary to turn the soil and use soil disinfectants, which seriously damages the surface vegetation during the production process, easily causing soil erosion and environmental pollution.

How to overcome the influence of natural conditions on cutting propagation, artificially control the seedling raising conditions, improve the survival rate, shorten the production cycle, and facilitate the development of factory production, so as to quickly meet the actual demand of hundreds of millions of tea seedlings in my country every year, is an urgent need in current production practice. practical problems to be solved.

Contents of the invention

In order to avoid the deficiencies of the prior art, the present invention provides a method for asexual rapid propagation of tea trees and a rooting culture solution used in the method. The method shortens the time for seedling cultivation, and the rooting rate is as high as 85%, which is suitable for industrial production.

The present invention solves technical problem and adopts following scheme:

A tea tree vegetative and rapid rooting culture solution, characterized in that each liter of the culture solution contains 825 mg of NH ₄ NO ₃ , 950 mg of KNO ₃ , 220 mg of CaCl ₂ 2H ₂ O, 85 mg of KH ₂ PO ₄ , and 85 mg of MgSO ₄ 7H ₂ O 185mg, MnSO ₄ 4H ₂ O 22.3mg, ZnSO ₄ 4H ₂ O 8.6mg, H ₃ BO ₃ 6.2mg, KI 0.83mg, Na ₂ MoO ₄ 2H2O 0.25mg, CuSO ₄ 5H ₂ O 0.025mg, CoCl ₂ ·6H ₂ O 0.025 mg, Na ₂ EDTA 37.25 mg, FeSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O 27.85 mg, Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ 10.8 mg, the solvent is water, and the pH value of the culture solution is 5.0-5.5.

A method for asexual rapid propagation of tea trees, comprising selection and clipping of cuttings, is characterized in that it also includes the following steps:

(1) Soak the clipped cuttings roots in an ear-soaking solution containing growth hormone and vitamin _B1 for 12-24 hours; the concentration of NAA in the ear-soaking solution is 100 mg·L ^-1 , and the concentration of thiamine hydrochloride is 0.4 mg·L ^-1 ;

(2) Submerge the roots of the cuttings soaked in step (1) into the culture solution for cultivation, the culture temperature is 20-25°C, and the culture solution is replaced every 15-20 days. When the callus at the base of the cuttings is connected into Annular, granular, and when forming more than 5 fibrous roots, transfer seedlings to culture; described nutrient solution is the rooting nutrient solution according to claim 1;

(3) Plant the rooting cuttings in step (2) in nutrient soil and cover them with sunshade nets and films after cultivation;

(4) After cultivating in nutrient soil for 3-4 months, choose to directly remove the covered sunshade net and film on rainy days to harden the seedlings; the hardening period is 1 month;

(5) The cutting seedlings obtained after seedling hardening can be transplanted. Before transplanting, the cutting seedlings should be trimmed to leave a height of 18-20cm, and transplanted with soil.

The nutrient soil in the step (3) is obtained by mixing perlite and peat soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2.

In the step (3), during the cultivation period of the nutrient soil, watering is performed every 2-3 days in the first 2 weeks; watering is performed every 4-5 days in the 3rd to 4th week.

During the nutrient soil cultivation in the step (3), fertilization is carried out, and the fertilization refers to foliar spraying with mass fraction of 0.3% urea and 0.3% KH ₂ PO ₄ , once every 7-10 days; About 2 months, when the cuttings form a net-like root system, use 1% urea for drenching irrigation, and the dosage is 15-20kg/667m ² .

The cuttings selected are 1-year-old branches with 2-leaf buds, and the branches are branches with new shoots hardening gradually and more than 1/3 of the new stems turning reddish brown, and the stems are lignified or semi-lignified.

The seedling hardening time is selected to be carried out in April or November.

The tea tree is the Huangshan white tea variety.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are reflected in:

Compared with the conventional tea tree short ear core soil cutting (or centerless soil short ear cutting), the production cycle of the present invention is only 6-7 months for the tea seedlings to emerge from the nursery (the conventional tea tree short ear core soil cutting is at least 1 year) , the rooting rate and survival rate are both lower than 80%), the seedling raising time is shortened by half, and the rooting rate is as high as 85% or more, and the survival rate is more than 80%, which is suitable for industrial production.

2, the cultivation method of the present invention has the following advantages: one, the rooting culture adopts the nutrient solution hydroponic method, and its cultivation conditions are easy to adjust, avoiding the natural conditions that are unfavorable for the cutting rooting of cuttings such as low temperature in winter and spring, high temperature in summer, etc. ; Second, it can shorten the nursery management and maintenance time by 5-6 months, and save at least 400-500 yuan per mu of nursery management and maintenance costs; third, the hydroponic rooted seedlings transplanted to the nursery do not need to be filled with soil, which can reduce soil erosion and protect the environment. And save 1000-1500 yuan per mu of soil paving; Fourth, it can carry out annual repeated production, which has strong practical significance for meeting the needs of hundreds of millions of tea seedlings in the new construction of tens of thousands of mu of tea gardens and the renovation of old tea gardens in China every year. .

Description of drawings

Figure 1 and Figure 2: Albino new buds and new shoots germinated from Huangshan white tea;

Figure 3: Root growth diagram of Huangshan white tea cuttings hydroponically cultured in nutrient solution for 25 days;

Figure 4 and Figure 5: Root growth diagrams of Huangshan white tea cuttings hydroponically cultured in nutrient solution for 40 days.

The technical solutions of the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments.

Detailed ways

1. Prepare rooting medium for cuttings

Specific formula of cutting rooting culture medium: Each liter of culture medium contains NH ₄ NO ₃ (825mg·L ^-1 ), KNO ₃ (950mg·L ^-1 ), CaCl ₂ 2H ₂ O (220mg·L ^-1 ), KH ₂ PO ₄ (85mg·L ^-1 ), MgSO ₄ ·7H ₂ O (185mg·L ^-1 ), MnSO ₄ ·4H ₂ O (22.3mg·L ^-1 ), ZnSO ₄ ·4H ₂ O (8.6mg·L -1 L ^-1 ), H ₃ BO ₃ (6.2mg·L ^-1 ), KI (0.83mg·L ^-1 ), Na ₂ MoO ₄ ·2H2O (0.25mg·L ^-1 ), CuSO ₄ ·5H ₂ O ( 0.025mg·L ^-1 ), CoCl ₂ 6H ₂ O (0.025mg·L ^-1 ), Na ₂ EDTA (37.25mg·L ^-1 ), FeSO ₄ 7H ₂ O (27.85mg·L ^-1 ), Al ₂ (SO ₄ ) ₃ (10.8 mg·L ⁻¹ ).

2. Prepare growth hormone soaking solution

Dissolve α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) with a small amount of 95% alcohol, then dilute to a concentration of 1 mg·L ^-1 with distilled water, and store in a 4°C refrigerator for use. Before soaking the roots of cuttings, add 0.4 mg·L ^-1 thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B ₁ ) according to the concentration of NAA 100 mg·L ^-1 growth hormone, and prepare ear soaking solution with pure water for use.

3. Soaking ear cuttings with growth hormone

Take a foam board with a thickness of 0.5-1cm, and punch holes on it with a hole diameter of 0.5cm and a spacing of 1.5cm. Cut the cuttings with 2 leaves, insert the cuttings cut from the same batch into the holes of the foam board, and place the cuttings on the foam board with the roots facing down, and float in the ear soaking solution containing growth hormone and vitamin B for 12-24 hours.

4. Rooting treatment of cuttings

Pack the hydroponic nutrient solution in each hydroponic tank, and keep the depth of the culture solution in the pool not less than 3cm. Take out the foam plate with white tea cuttings inserted after the growth hormone treatment, put it into the culture solution at room temperature (not lower than 20°C) for cultivation, replace the culture solution every 15-20 days, and it will take root after 30-40 days. The rate can reach more than 85%, and the average number of roots per short panicle is 5-8. When the callus at the base of the cuttings is observed to form rings and granules, they can be transferred to seedling culture.

5. Configure nutrient soil

Mix perlite and peat soil according to the volume ratio of 1:2, disinfect the culture soil with KMnO ₄ solution with a mass ratio of 1:1000, pile the nutrient soil into piles, cover with plastic film, and place it for 24 hours before removing it. use.

6. Turn seedlings

Divide the sterilized nutrient soil into nutrient bowls (plastic or paper materials can be used), and fill each bowl to 40% full, which should be neither tight nor loose, with a convex shape in the middle. Gently contact the hydroponic rooting cuttings with the nutrient soil, and attach the soil while turning it. After the roots of the cuttings are attached with the nutrient soil, lift the upper part of the cuttings, let the roots stretch naturally, place them in the nutrient bowl, add the nutrient soil until the nutrient bowl is filled, Then pour the root water once, and the water should be poured thoroughly.

During this process, nutrient soil should be added in time according to the situation, while avoiding root entanglement, so as not to affect the growth of cuttings. When the nutrient bowl is placed, it is required that the cutting leaves are in the same direction, and the leaves should be avoided from covering each other. In order to prevent high temperature or low temperature, the cuttings after the transfer of seedlings should be covered with sunshade nets and films.

Within 2 weeks after seedling transfer, water every 2-3 days; in the 3rd to 4th week, water every 4-5 days; after 1 month, water as appropriate. Watering should not be too much, the surface of the soil layer is slightly moist.

7. Fertilization

After 7 days of seedling transfer, 0.3% urea and 0.3% KH ₂ PO ₄ can be used for foliar spraying, once every 7-10 days. After about 2 months, when the cuttings basically form a net-like root system, 1% urea can be used for drenching irrigation, and the dosage is 15-20kg/667m ² .

8. Pest control

The main pests at the seedling stage are tea aphids, and the main diseases are anthracnose, red leaf spot and root rot. Insect pests can be controlled by Saidan and Uranus, and diseases can be controlled by drugs such as Jinggangmycin and carbendazim, combined with measures such as ventilation, increasing light and reducing humidity. At the same time, pay attention to timely removal of weeds.

9. Seedling hardening

After about 3-4 months of cultivation, the cuttings can form a better mesh root system. For hydroponic tea seedlings, it is suitable to practice seedlings after April or November. Seedling training is carried out on cloudy and rainy days, and the sunshade net and plastic film on the upper part of the net room can be directly removed. Water needs to be replenished in time during seedling training. It takes about 1 month to practice seedlings.

10. Transplant or sell cuttings

Before transplanting, the cutting seedlings should be trimmed to leave a height of 18-20cm, and the tea seedlings can be transplanted with soil. If they are sold in boxes, they should be placed in special plastic seedling boxes in layers to prevent the seedlings from being squeezed and damaged.

Claims (8)

1. the asexual fast numerous culture of rootage liquid of tea tree is characterized in that, contains NH in every liter of culture fluid ₄NO ₃825mg, KNO ₃950mg, CaCl ₂2H ₂O 220mg, KH ₂PO ₄85mg, MgSO ₄7H ₂O 185mg, MnSO ₄4H ₂O 22.3mg, ZnSO ₄4H ₂O 8.6mg, H ₃BO ₃6.2mg, KI 0.83mg, Na ₂MoO ₄2H2O 0.25mg, CuSO ₄5H ₂O0.025mg, CoCl ₂6H ₂O 0.025mg, Na ₂EDTA 37.25mg, FeSO ₄7H ₂O 27.85mg, Al ₂(SO ₄) ₃10.8mg solvent is water, described medium pH value is 5.0-5.5.

2. asexual quick-breeding method of tea tree comprises it is characterized in that selection and the clip of plugged ear, also comprises the steps:

(1) the plugged ear root behind the clip is immersed in contains somatotropin and Cobastab ₁Soak 12-24h in the fringe solution; Describedly soak that NAA concentration is 100mgL in the fringe solution ^-1, thiamine hydrochloride concentration is 0.4mgL ^-1

(2) will its root be immersed in culture fluid through the plugged ear of step (1) immersion treatment and cultivate, cultivation temperature is 20-25 ℃, changes a culture fluid in every 15-20 days, when the callus of plugged ear base portion connects into ring-type, graininess, and when forming fibrous root more than 5, turn seedling and cultivate; Described culture fluid is culture of rootage liquid claimed in claim 1;

(3) step (2) water planting is taken root plugged ear cuttage is cultivated to Nutrition Soil, uses sunshade net and film to cover after the cultivation;

(4) in Nutrition Soil, cultivate 3-4 after individual month, be chosen in the overcast and rainy sunshade net and the film that cover directly taken off and carry out hardening; The hardening phase is 1 month;

(5) cuttage seeding that obtains after the hardening just can be transplanted, and before the transplanting, cuttage seeding is pruned, and stays high 18-20cm, and balled transplanting.

3. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the Nutrition Soil in the described step (3) carries out proportioning by perlite, turfy soil according to volume ratio 1:2 and obtains.

4. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the described step (3), between the Nutrition Soil culture period, in front 2 weeks, waters once in every 2-3 days; In 3-4 week, watered once in every 4-5 days.

5. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2 is characterized in that, during the Nutrition Soil cultivation of described step (3), applies fertilizer, and described fertilising refers to adopt the urea of mass fraction 0.3%, 0.3%KH ₂PO ₄Carry out foliage-spray, sprayed 1 time in every 7-l0 days; About 2 months, when plugged ear forms netted root system, adopt mass fraction 1% urea to drench filling, consumption is 15-20kg/667m ²

6. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2, it is characterized in that, what described plugged ear was selected is the branch with 2 leaf buds of lifes in 1 year, described branch be young sprout harden gradually and newly stem become the branch that bronzing, stem are lignification or semi-lignified more than 1/3.

7. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2 is characterized in that, described hardening selection of time was carried out in April or November.

8. the asexual quick-breeding method of a kind of tea tree according to claim 2 is characterized in that, tea tree is the white tea kind in Mount Huang.

Images