CN103076112B - The parameter measuring apparatus of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system - Google Patents
The parameter measuring apparatus of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The parameter measuring apparatus of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system provided by the invention, comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on BOTDA technology, light ofdm signal generation module, OFDM detection module and signal processing module; Distributed optical fiber sensing system wherein based on BOTDA technology comprises laser instrument, coupling mechanism, the first electrooptic modulator and the second electrooptic modulator, amplifier, optical filter, pulse/random sequence generator, circulator and is wrapped the Transformer Winding of the single-mode fiber as sensor fibre; Described smooth ofdm signal generation module comprises ofdm signal generator, digital to analog converter and driver module; Described OFDM detection module comprises detection module, analog to digital converter and channel estimation module.The present invention can improve Measuring Time and precision, expands the dynamic range measured, and promotes reliability and the real-time of distributed sensing system.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the field of measuring technique of optical fiber, particularly a kind of parameter measuring apparatus of distributed optical fiber sensing system.
[background technology]
In electric system, often can need to carry out on-line monitoring to some parameter of the equipment that cable, wind power equipment etc. are chronically exposed in air, such as, high temperature, fire are the Common Accidents affecting safe operation of power system.So the quality of on-line temperature monitoring affects an aspect very important in safe operation of power system, if can occur carry out early warning by temperature survey in early days and take measures rapidly in security incident, just can effectively avoid this type of security incident.Traditional temp measuring method point type temperature-sensing element is contained in cable as thermopair or electric system significant points carries out thermometric, or use the method for fiber grating and quasi-distributed measurement to carry out thermometric.But these temp measuring methods can only carry out thermometric to electric system local location, and cannot realize on-line temperature monitoring to whole electric system, and have certain defect in economy and practicality.And temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers can realize multiple spot, online distributed measurement.Temperature-measuring system of distributed fibers utilizes optical fiber sense temperature information can transmit temperature information again, there is high temperature resistant, the feature such as anti-electromagnetic radiation, high bandwidth, thus significantly improve temperature resolution and spatial resolution, efficiently solve the problem that the on-the-spot accident emergency such as high temperature, burning, blast occurred is off guard for a long time.In electric system, easily produce the fixed point of temperature sensing occasion of the facility such as position, cable interlayer, cable passage, Generator Stator, high-power transformer, boiler of heating because of loose contact at high voltage power cable, electrical equipment, this optical fiber sensing technology has wide application prospect.
In distributed optical fiber temperature measurement technology, mainly contain the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Raman scattering, the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin light Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) technology and the Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on Brillouin optical time domain analysis (BOTDA) technology.
Based on BOTDA technology distribution type fiber-optic and adopt direct detecting method obtain Brillouin shift technology in, as shown in Figure 1, a pulsed light (pump light) and a continuous light (detection light) is injected respectively on the layout path of optical fiber from the two ends of optical fiber, because the parameter such as temperature, stress is different, the light activated Brillouin frequency shifts of pumping of phase co-wavelength is also different.When pump light is equal with Brillouin shift with the difference on the frequency of detection light, between two-beam, energy trasfer occurs, the light on Brillouin's wavelength will be exaggerated, and namely creates Brillouin amplification effect in this position.When scanning an optical maser wavelength, by detecting from optical fiber coupled one end continuous light power out, difference on the frequency corresponding when just can determine that on optical fiber each segment region, energy trasfer reaches maximum.Due to Brillouin shift and the parameter such as temperature, stress linear, therefore, when carrying out regulating continuously to the frequency of laser instrument, just can obtain the various information needing measurement, realize distributed measurement.The frequency of electrooptic modulator to detection light or pump light can be adopted in practice to scan at Brillouin shift wave band (being about 10.8GHz ~ 11.1GHz), to draw brillouin gain/loss spectra.There is following problem in this technology: (1) light source frequency stabilization requires high; (2) because Water demand is counted very many, for improving measurement sensitivity, need multiple averaging, therefore the test duration is very long; (3) gain-type sensing mode can cause pump energy sharply to reduce, and is difficult to realize long distance and detects.
Based in the loss-type BOTDA Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques of microwave external modulation, with reference to the microwave external modulation BOTDA optical fiber sensing system schematic diagram of the loss-type BOTDA Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on microwave external modulation shown in figure 2, BOTDA system based on microwave external modulation only needs a laser instrument as light source, laser instrument is exported light and is divided into two-way, by regulating the scanning of frequency realization to tested optical fiber region of detection light modulating signal, determining the knots modification of Brillouin shift with this and obtaining temperature, the isoparametric heat transfer agent of stress.Loss-type refers to that continuous probe light frequency is higher than pulsed light frequency, and the energy of detection light shifts to pulsed light, and this sensing mode makes pulsed light energy raise, and there is not pumping and exhausts phenomenon, thus can realize the detection of long distance.
With reference to the microwave external modulation BOTDA optical fiber sensing system schematic diagram of the loss-type BOTDA Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on microwave external modulation shown in figure 2, system ultimate principle: respectively incident short light pulse and continuous probe light at sensor fibre two ends, as the Brillouin shift υ in certain region in both difference on the frequency and optical fiber
btime equal, then will produce stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS) enlarge-effect in this region, between two light beams, energy trasfer occur.Because Brillouin shift exists linear relationship with needing the parameter measured, therefore, while carrying out the frequency of laser instrument regulating continuously, by detecting from optical fiber coupled one end detection light out, difference on the frequency corresponding when just can determine that on optical fiber each segment region, energy trasfer reaches maximum.Thus obtain information sensor fibre needing measurement parameter, realize distributed measurement.
Loss-type BOTDA Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on microwave external modulation mainly contains following technological deficiency: (1) single-ended scheme can not realize remote recording; (2) for improving measuring accuracy, need to measure multiple frequency, multiple averaging, therefore Measuring Time is longer; (3) program is because will carry out statistical study to lot of experimental data, to experimental facilities and environmental requirement very high.
[summary of the invention]
For the problems referred to above, the invention provides a kind of measurement mechanism of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system, monitoring Transformer Winding or the less distributed measurements of regionality, Measuring Time and precision can be improved, expand the dynamic range measured, promote reliability and the real-time of distributed sensing system.
The parameter measuring apparatus of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system provided by the invention, comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on BOTDA technology, light ofdm signal generation module, OFDM detection module and signal processing module;
Distributed optical fiber sensing system wherein based on BOTDA technology comprises laser instrument, coupling mechanism, the first electrooptic modulator and the second electrooptic modulator, amplifier, optical filter, pulse/random sequence generator, circulator and is wrapped the Transformer Winding of the single-mode fiber as sensor fibre;
Described smooth ofdm signal generation module comprises ofdm signal generator, digital to analog converter and driver module; Described OFDM detection module comprises detection module, analog to digital converter and channel estimation module;
Described laser instrument produces laser, and utilize described coupling mechanism that the laser that described laser instrument produces is divided into two-way laser, the electric signal that wherein a road laser and described pulse/random sequence generator generate is modulated by described first electrooptic modulator, generates pump light, the digital signal that described ofdm signal generator generates drives described second electrooptic modulator that the ofdm signal after another road laser and described digital-to-analog conversion is modulated to the light ofdm signal with light carrier by driver module after digital-to-analog conversion, a sideband filtering of described smooth ofdm signal is generated single-side belt light ofdm signal by described optical filter, described single-side belt light ofdm signal enters described Transformer Winding as detection light, described detection module is entered by described circulator again after brillouin gain, obtain electric ofdm signal, analog to digital conversion is carried out by described A-D converter, draw along fiber axis to distributed Brillouin shift by channel estimation module, thus draw the parameter to be measured of distributed Transformer Winding.
As an embodiment, described amplifier is for mixing bait amplifier.
As an embodiment, described signal processing module is also for showing described parameter information to be measured.
As an embodiment, described detection module is photoelectric detector.
As an embodiment, described detection module is coherent receiver.
Use the present invention to be compared to prior art, solve the problem that the measuring accuracy of prior art is low, also can solve the restricted problem of prior art measurement range, solve the unicity problem of prior art measurement result further.
In addition, light ofdm signal is adopted to replace single beam laser as the detection light in BOTDA system in the present invention, it can increase sweep velocity greatly, the disposable scanning completing multiple frequency, thus solves the shortcoming that prior art single-point single-frequency sweep velocity is slow and single-frequency scanning accuracy is not high; Greatly can improve measurement dynamic range.The present invention can simplify the averaging process in traditional approach, reduces system-computed complexity, reduces detection time; Solve the shortcoming that prior art can not carry out monitoring in real time.
[accompanying drawing explanation]
Fig. 1 is distributing optical fiber sensing based on BOTDA technology and adopts direct detecting method to obtain the schematic diagram of the technology of Brillouin shift;
Fig. 2 is the microwave external modulation BOTDA optical fiber sensing system schematic diagram of the loss-type BOTDA Distributed Optical Fiber Sensing Techniques based on microwave external modulation;
Fig. 3 is the logic diagram of the parameter measuring apparatus of single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the light ofdm signal containing 5 subcarriers;
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is concerned with the logic diagram of the parameter measuring apparatus detecting single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system.
[embodiment]
Describe the measurement mechanism of distributed optical fiber sensing system of the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail, illustrate as just example below, know with those skilled in the art know that, as long as the method and system meeting inventive concept all fall among the present invention; Additionally, protection scope of the present invention only should be limited to employing light OFDM channel estimating mode and measure the concrete structure of Brillouin shift technology or the design parameter of parts.
As shown in Figure 3, the present invention adopts light OFDM channel estimating mode to measure Brillouin shift technology, namely utilize light OFDM channel estimation method to measure Brillouin shift block diagram, the present invention can complete the scanning of multiple frequency in a chronomere, and measuring speed and measuring accuracy are increased greatly.Mostly rely on sweep method to obtain temperature to cause the frequency displacement measured value of Brillouin shift and obtain measurement result by matching relative to based on existing in the distributed optical fiber sensing system BOTDA of Brillouin scattering, overcome because laser instrument single-frequency sweep velocity is slow, precision is not high, be difficult to realize the problems such as quick high accuracy.
Measure in Brillouin shift technology in employing light OFDM channel estimating mode of the present invention, different Brillouin shifts can be caused owing to needing the parameter (such as temperature, stress etc.) measured, measure different frequency shift amounts and can analyze parameter value along optical fiber axial distribution, for this reason, the channel estimation technique in light OFDM O-OFDM communication system is utilized can accurately to estimate Brillouin shift amount.Ofdm signal is a kind of broadband signal containing multiple subcarrier.
The parameter measuring apparatus of the direct-detection single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system shown in Fig. 3, for monitoring Transformer Winding or the less distributed measurements of regionality, the parameter measuring apparatus of this direct-detection single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on BOTDA technology, the generation of light ofdm signal module, OFDM detection module and signal processing module.Distributed optical fiber sensing system wherein based on BOTDA technology comprises a laser instrument, coupling mechanism, the first electrooptic modulator and the second electrooptic modulator, amplifier (preferred EDFA mixes bait amplifier), optical filter, pulse/random sequence generator, a circulator and is wrapped the Transformer Winding of the single-mode fiber as sensor fibre; Light ofdm signal generation module comprises the module of ofdm signal generator, digital to analog converter and a driving electrooptic modulator light modulated OFDM.OFDM detection module comprises a detection module, an analog to digital converter and a channel estimation module; In the present embodiment, detection module is photoelectric detector.
First coupling mechanism 306 is utilized to be divided into two-way laser, first utilize coupling mechanism 306 that the laser that laser instrument 301 sends is divided into two-way, one road laser enters the first electrooptic modulator 3031 and carries out pulse or random series modulation, pulsed light after modulation as pump light, by entering Transformer Winding 307 after circulator 305.The other end, the light ofdm signal with light carrier is produced with another road Laser Modulation ofdm signal, now need to adopt optical SSB modulation, therefore need to use optical filter 318 by a sideband filtering, then this single-side belt light ofdm signal enters Transformer Winding 319 as detection light, after brillouin gain, enter photodetector 310 by circulator 305 again obtain receiving electric ofdm signal, by A-D converter 314, channel estimating draws along fiber axis to distributed Brillouin shift, thus draws distributed Transformer Winding temperature parameter.
As shown in Figure 4, Fig. 4 gives a light ofdm signal containing 5 subcarriers, and wherein, it is f0 that center light carries wave frequency.Suppose that the bandwidth of subcarrier is fixed, namely frequency interval is fixed, and by increasing the number of subcarrier, the bandwidth of light ofdm signal is increased, then the bandwidth that frequency sweep is inswept is larger, and measuring speed is higher.By regulating the bandwidth of subcarrier, adjustable frequency interval.
Relevant detection single laser instrument OFDM-BOTDA system as shown in Figure 5, it is that detection module have employed relevant detection algorithm in direct-detection single-side belt OFDM-BOTDA system-based.The measurement mechanism system of this distributed optical fiber sensing system comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on BOTDA technology, the generation of light ofdm signal module, OFDM detection module and signal processing module.Distributed optical fiber sensing system wherein based on BOTDA technology comprises a laser instrument, coupling mechanism, two electrooptic modulators, EDFA, pulse/random sequence generator, circulators and is wrapped the Transformer Winding of the single-mode fiber as sensor fibre; Light ofdm signal generation module comprises the module of digital to analog converter and a driving electrooptic modulator light modulated OFDM; OFDM detection module comprises a coherent receiver, an analog to digital converter and a channel estimation module.In whole contrive equipment, first utilize coupling mechanism 506 that the laser that laser instrument 501 sends is divided into two-way, one road laser enters electrooptic modulator 5031 and carries out pulse or random series modulation, and the pulsed light after modulation, as pump light, enters Transformer Winding 519.Another road laser produces the light ofdm signal with light carrier by electrooptic modulator 5032 Modulation OFDM signal, and amplified by EDFA 508, now optical SSB modulation must be adopted, therefore need to use optical filter 518 by a sideband filtering, then this single-side belt light ofdm signal enters Transformer Winding 519 as detection light, coherent receiver 520 is entered by circulator 505 again after brillouin gain, obtain receiving electric ofdm signal, by A-D converter 514, then channel estimating draws along fiber axis to distributed Brillouin shift, thus draw distributed Transformer Winding temperature parameter.Use helpful then no longer needs of coherent reception to detect optical SSB modulation, and electrooptic modulator can be in suppressed carrier point.
Of the present invention based on software generation digital OFDM signal such as LabView, Matlab/C/C++, the function of analog to digital converter is realized by oscillograph, the digital signal obtained by oscillograph is sent into the computer softwares such as LabView, Matlab/C/C++ and is detected, thus analyzes the parameter value value that Brillouin shift obtains needing measurement.Utilize the LabView construction cycle short, observation effect is good.Utilize the softwares such as Matlab/C/C++ to produce ofdm signal and process the signal after transmission, it can utilize more complicated algorithm to improve system performance.
The above embodiment only have expressed several embodiment of the present invention, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the scope of the claims of the present invention.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, without departing from the inventive concept of the premise, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, the protection domain of patent of the present invention should be as the criterion with claims.
Claims (1)
1. a parameter measuring apparatus for single-side belt distributed optical fiber sensing system, is characterized in that, comprises the distributed optical fiber sensing system based on BOTDA technology, light ofdm signal generation module, OFDM detection module and signal processing module;
Distributed optical fiber sensing system wherein based on BOTDA technology comprises laser instrument, coupling mechanism, the first electrooptic modulator and the second electrooptic modulator, amplifier, optical filter, pulse/random sequence generator, circulator and is wrapped the Transformer Winding of the single-mode fiber as sensor fibre;
Described smooth ofdm signal generation module comprises ofdm signal generator, digital to analog converter and driver module; Described OFDM detection module comprises detection module, analog to digital converter and channel estimation module;
Described laser instrument produces laser, and utilize described coupling mechanism that the laser that described laser instrument produces is divided into two-way laser, the electric signal that wherein a road laser and described pulse/random sequence generator generate is modulated by described first electrooptic modulator, generates pump light, the digital signal that described ofdm signal generator generates drives described second electrooptic modulator that the ofdm signal after another road laser and described digital-to-analog conversion is modulated to the light ofdm signal with light carrier by driver module after digital-to-analog conversion, a sideband filtering of described smooth ofdm signal is generated single-side belt light ofdm signal by described optical filter, described single-side belt light ofdm signal enters described Transformer Winding as detection light, described detection module is entered by described circulator again after brillouin gain, obtain electric ofdm signal, analog to digital conversion is carried out by described A-D converter, draw along fiber axis to distributed Brillouin shift by channel estimation module, thus draw the parameter to be measured of distributed Transformer Winding,
Wherein, described amplifier is for mixing bait amplifier;
Described signal processing module is also for showing described parameter information to be measured;
Described detection module is photoelectric detector or coherent receiver.
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| CN104655185B (en) * | 2015-01-04 | 2017-01-04 | 西南交通大学 | Coherent Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensing system based on intensity modulation probe light |
| CN104819741B (en) * | 2015-04-24 | 2018-03-16 | 闫连山 | A kind of relevant Brillouin optical time domain analysis sensor-based system based on single sideband modulation detection light |
| CN105674905B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-04-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | The single-ended vector B OTDA dynamic strain measurement methods of the pre- pumping of pulse and device |
| CN105571507B (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2018-04-03 | 华北电力大学（保定） | A kind of method and its measurement apparatus of single-ended vector B OTDA dynamic strain measurements |
| CN109297616B (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2019-12-03 | 北京理工大学 | A temperature measurement system and method for solenoid valve windings based on distributed optical fiber sensing |
| CN110220540A (en) * | 2019-05-10 | 2019-09-10 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一五研究所 | A kind of detection light generation system applied to distributive fiber optic strain demodulation |
| CN110617854B (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2021-10-08 | 华北电力大学（保定） | High-order phase modulation Rayleigh BOTDA temperature/strain measurement method and device |
| CN116972891B (en) * | 2023-09-25 | 2023-11-28 | 华中科技大学 | A fast Brillouin optical correlation domain analyzer based on multi-core optical fiber |
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