CN103076272A - Method for measuring heat resistance and moisture resistance of hat - Google Patents
Method for measuring heat resistance and moisture resistance of hat Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及测量帽子热阻与湿阻的方法,该方法是使用强环绕风驱除模拟头外空气层的影响,测量模拟皮肤的本身的湿阻,在无风条件下测量了模拟头外空气层的湿阻,最后在正常条件下实现了帽子热阻和湿阻的同步测量。本发明可精确计量模拟头的发热功率和出汗量,并且帽子的热阻和湿阻可以在出汗模拟头实现一步法同步测量。
The invention relates to a method for measuring thermal resistance and moisture resistance of a hat. The method is to use strong surrounding wind to drive away the influence of the air layer outside the simulated head, measure the moisture resistance of the simulated skin itself, and measure the air layer outside the simulated head under the condition of no wind. Finally, under normal conditions, the simultaneous measurement of hat thermal resistance and moisture resistance is realized. The invention can accurately measure the heating power and sweating amount of the simulation head, and the thermal resistance and the moisture resistance of the cap can be measured synchronously in one step at the sweating simulation head.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及服装热阻与湿阻测量方法,特别是涉及一种测量帽子热阻与湿阻的方法。The invention relates to a method for measuring clothing heat resistance and moisture resistance, in particular to a method for measuring hat heat resistance and moisture resistance.
背景技术Background technique
目前,世界上已经出现多种出汗暖体假人,然而,由于多种原因,并未见到使用暖体假人对帽子热舒适性的评价的论文,实际上,使用整个暖体假人仅对帽子进行评价在具体测量会出现很多技术问题。使用模拟头来测量帽子的热舒适性相对于整个假人而言更具现实性和合理性。世界上出现了多个模拟头,但能够模拟出汗的假头仅是Herring,A.M等研制的用于评价摩托车安全头盔的生理舒适性(Hering,A.M.Weder,M.Rickards,N.Mattle,M.Evaluation of physiological properites of motorcycle safety helmets usng a new sweatingthermal head manikin[C].Proceedings of the Fourth International Meeting on Thermal Mankins,EMPA,Switzerland,27-28Sep.2001,1-4)。该模拟头由头颅、面部和颈部组成,三部分单独加热,独立控制。该模拟头包括25个出汗孔,分布于面部和头颅,位于假头上方水罐内的蒸馏水经管道喂入假头,每个出汗孔的出汗量由单独的阀门控制。该模拟头可在恒温和恒热方式下工作,测试结果以面部温度下降的程度表示头盔热舒适性能。然而该假头采用的是主动出汗法,其出汗供水是定量供水模式,在测试过程中究竟需要多少出汗量往往是无法事先估计准的,因此还不能对帽子的热舒适性指标:热阻和湿阻进行有效测量。At present, many kinds of sweating thermal dummies have appeared in the world. However, due to various reasons, there have been no papers on the evaluation of the thermal comfort of hats using thermal dummies. In fact, using the entire thermal dummies Evaluating hats alone presents many technical problems in specific measurements. It is more realistic and reasonable to use the dummy head to measure the thermal comfort of the hat than the whole dummy. There have been multiple simulation heads in the world, but the fake head capable of simulating sweating is only developed by Herring, A.M, etc. to evaluate the physiological comfort of motorcycle safety helmets (Hering, A.M.Weder, M.Rickards, N.Mattle, M.Evaluation of physiological properties of motorcycle safety helmets usng a new sweating thermal head manikin[C].Proceedings of the Fourth International Meeting on Thermal Mankins,EMPA,Switzerland,27-28Sep.2001,1-4). The simulated head is composed of the skull, face and neck, and the three parts are individually heated and controlled independently. The simulated head includes 25 sweating holes, which are distributed on the face and skull. The distilled water in the water tank above the dummy head is fed into the dummy head through pipes, and the sweating volume of each sweating hole is controlled by a separate valve. The simulated head can work under constant temperature and constant heat mode, and the test result indicates the thermal comfort performance of the helmet by the degree of face temperature drop. However, this fake head adopts the active sweating method, and its sweating water supply is a quantitative water supply mode. It is often impossible to estimate in advance how much sweating is needed during the test, so the thermal comfort index of the hat cannot be determined: Effective measurement of thermal resistance and moisture resistance.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种测量帽子热阻与湿阻的方法,可精确计量模拟头的出汗量,并且帽子的热阻和湿阻可以在出汗模拟头实现一步法同步测量。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a method for measuring the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat, which can accurately measure the sweating amount of the analog head, and the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat can be simultaneously measured in one step on the sweating analog head .
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:提供一种利用上述的出汗模拟头装置测量帽子热阻与湿阻的方法,包括以下步骤:The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the technical problem is to provide a method for measuring the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of a hat by using the above-mentioned sweating simulation head device, including the following steps:
(1)在强环绕风条件下,使用隔板将所述模拟头装置外空气层分为两个部分,强力风扇置于相对位置吹风,模拟头部两个方向的风覆盖,并形成环绕风,使模拟头外的空气层热阻与湿阻趋近一个很小值,当系统平衡后测量模拟头出汗皮肤本身的湿阻:其中,Res是模拟头装置中模拟皮肤本身的湿阻,A是模拟头装置的整个表面积,Pis是出汗皮肤内侧在模拟头皮肤温度下的饱和湿蒸汽压,Pa是环境在环境温度下的饱和湿蒸汽压,RHa是环境的相对湿度,E是水的汽化热,Gs是裸头吹风条件下的出汗量;(1) Under the condition of strong surrounding wind, the air layer outside the simulation head device is divided into two parts by using a partition, and the powerful fan is placed in the opposite position to blow air, and the wind covering the simulation head in two directions forms a surrounding wind , so that the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the air layer outside the simulation head approach a very small value, and measure the moisture resistance of the sweating skin of the simulation head after the system is balanced: Among them, R es is the moisture resistance of the simulated skin itself in the simulated head device, A is the entire surface area of the simulated head device, P is the saturated moisture vapor pressure inside the sweating skin at the temperature of the simulated head skin, and Pa is the environment in the environment Saturated moisture vapor pressure at temperature, RH a is the relative humidity of the environment, E is the heat of vaporization of water, G s is the sweating amount under the condition of bare head blowing;
(2)在无风条件下,系统平衡后测量模拟头外部空气层的热阻和湿阻:
(3)将帽子自置于所述模拟头装置上,系统平衡后帽子的热阻和湿阻可直接测量得到
所述出汗模拟头装置包括底座、模拟皮肤和垂直供水管,所述底座上安装有底盘,所述模拟皮肤通过紧箍圈套在所述底盘上,所述模拟皮肤内充满水并形成模拟头,所述底盘上装有用于给模拟头内的水加热的加热棒;所述垂直供水管穿过底座与模拟头内部相连通;所述模拟头内表面设有内温度传感器,外表面设有外温度传感器;所述内温度传感器和外温度传感器均与所述测控系统相连,所述测控系统根据内温度传感器和外温度传感器的所测得的数值控制所述加热棒加热。The sweating simulation head device includes a base, a simulation skin and a vertical water supply pipe, a chassis is installed on the base, the simulation skin is set on the chassis through a tight hoop, the simulation skin is filled with water and forms a simulation head , the chassis is equipped with a heating rod for heating the water in the simulation head; the vertical water supply pipe passes through the base and communicates with the inside of the simulation head; the inner surface of the simulation head is provided with an inner temperature sensor, and the outer surface is provided with an outer A temperature sensor; both the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor are connected to the measurement and control system, and the measurement and control system controls the heating of the heating rod according to the values measured by the internal temperature sensor and the external temperature sensor.
所述模拟头的底部均布安装有用于使模拟头内部的水上下均匀循环的带导流套的水泵。The bottom of the simulation head is uniformly equipped with water pumps with diversion sleeves for evenly circulating the water inside the simulation head up and down.
所述模拟皮肤由PTFE微孔膜复合织物制成。The simulated skin is made of PTFE microporous membrane composite fabric.
所述测控系统采用PID运算输出开关比例控制加热棒加热。The measurement and control system adopts PID operation output switch ratio to control the heating of the heating rod.
所述水泵均匀分布在所述加热棒的四周,使模拟头各部分表面温度的温差小于1.5℃。The water pump is evenly distributed around the heating rod, so that the temperature difference of the surface temperature of each part of the simulation head is less than 1.5°C.
所述垂直供水管的水位高于模拟头顶部1-2m。The water level of the vertical water supply pipe is 1-2m higher than the simulated head top.
所述底座为保温底座。The base is a thermal insulation base.
所述保温底座采用泡沫塑料制成。The heat preservation base is made of foam plastic.
有益效果Beneficial effect
由于采用了上述的技术方案,本发明与现有技术相比,具有以下的优点和积极效果:本发明采用被动式出汗模拟原理,出汗量是根据模拟头的具体穿戴情况和环境状态自动调节的,供水管中水的消耗量就等于模拟头上外散失的汗气量,通过记录水管中水位的下降量就可精确计量模拟头的出汗量。因此,本发明中的出汗模拟头可以对帽子的热阻和湿阻精确测量,同时可以更好地评价头部在各种环境中的热舒适性。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages and positive effects compared with the prior art: the present invention adopts the principle of passive sweating simulation, and the amount of sweating is automatically adjusted according to the specific wearing conditions and environmental conditions of the simulation head Yes, the consumption of water in the water supply pipe is equal to the amount of sweat lost on the simulated head, and the sweating of the simulated head can be accurately measured by recording the drop of the water level in the water pipe. Therefore, the sweating simulation head in the present invention can accurately measure the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat, and at the same time can better evaluate the thermal comfort of the head in various environments.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明的结构示意图;Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention;
图2是强环绕风吹模拟头装置的示意图。Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a strong surrounding wind blowing simulation head device.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面结合具体实施例,进一步阐述本发明。应理解,这些实施例仅用于说明本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。此外应理解,在阅读了本发明讲授的内容之后,本领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改,这些等价形式同样落于本申请所附权利要求书所限定的范围。Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the teachings of the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms also fall within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.
本发明的实施方式涉及一种出汗模拟头装置,如图1所示,包括底座1、模拟皮肤4和垂直供水管8,所述底座1上安装有底盘3,所述模拟皮肤4通过紧箍圈2套在所述底盘3外,所述模拟皮肤4内充满水并形成模拟头,所述底盘3上装有用于给模拟头内的水加热的加热棒7;所述垂直供水管8穿过底座1与模拟头内部相连通;所述模拟头内表面设有内温度传感器5,外表面设有外温度传感器6;所述内温度传感器5和外温度传感器6均与所述测控系统相连,所述测控系统根据内温度传感器5和外温度传感器6的所测得的数值控制所述加热棒7加热。Embodiments of the present invention relate to a sweating simulation head device, as shown in FIG. The
其中,所述模拟头的底部均布安装有用于使模拟头内部的水上下均匀循环的带导流套9的水泵10,使头内部的水上下均匀循环起来,以达到模拟头各部分的温度均匀一致。所述水泵10可以有3-4个,且均匀分布在所述加热棒7的四周,使模拟头各部分表面温度的温差小于1.5℃Wherein, the bottom of the simulation head is uniformly installed with a
所述模拟皮肤4由PTFE微孔膜复合织物制成,在压力水充入后膨胀形成模拟头,在水压力和温度共同作用下向外析出“汗”。The simulated
所述出汗模拟头内部由加热棒7实施加热,采用开关控制方式,所述测控系统采用PID运算输出开关比例控制加热棒7加热。The inside of the sweating simulation head is heated by the
所述出汗模拟头采用被动式出汗原理,出汗头散失的水份由垂直供水管8自动补充,因此通过精确计量垂直供水管8中水位的下降量就可以精确测得模拟头的出汗量。垂直供水管8垂直安装,其水位高于模拟头的头顶一定距离,最好为1~2m,通过设定不同高度的水位,在一定范围内可改变模拟头的出汗量。The sweating simulation head adopts the principle of passive sweating, and the water lost by the sweating head is automatically replenished by the vertical
所述底座1为保温底座。所述保温底座采用泡沫塑料制成。采用基本绝热的泡沫底座可以使加热功率基本都从模拟头上向外散发,以保证该模拟头用于测量时的系统误差最小。The
由于该模拟出汗头其出汗量可以直接计量,则出汗湿热功率可直接计算出,干热通过加热总功率减去湿热功率也可直接计算出,因此,在事先测量得到模拟皮肤本身的湿阻以及模拟头外空气层的热阻和湿阻的情况下,帽子的热阻和湿阻可同步测量出。具体步骤如下:(测试条件为恒温恒湿环境)Since the sweating amount of the simulated sweating head can be directly measured, the damp heat power of sweating can be directly calculated, and the dry heat can also be directly calculated by subtracting the damp heat power from the total heating power. In the case of simulating the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the air layer outside the head, the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat can be measured simultaneously. The specific steps are as follows: (The test condition is a constant temperature and humidity environment)
(1)在强环绕风条件下,使用隔板将所述模拟头装置外空气层分为两个部分,强力风扇置于相对位置吹风,模拟头部两个方向的风覆盖,并形成环绕风,使模拟头外的空气层热阻与湿阻趋近一个很小值,当系统平衡后测量模拟头出汗皮肤本身的湿阻:(1) Under the condition of strong surrounding wind, the air layer outside the simulation head device is divided into two parts by using a partition, and the powerful fan is placed in the opposite position to blow air, and the wind covering the simulation head in two directions forms a surrounding wind , so that the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the air layer outside the simulation head approach a very small value, and measure the moisture resistance of the sweating skin of the simulation head after the system is balanced:
其中,Res是模拟头装置中模拟皮肤本身的湿阻,Pa·m2/W,A是模拟头装置的整个表面积,m2,Pis是出汗皮肤内侧在模拟头皮肤温度下的饱和湿蒸汽压,Pa,Pa是环境在环境温度下的饱和湿蒸汽压,Pa,RHa是环境的相对湿度,%,E是水的汽化热,35℃时为0.672Wh/g,Gs是裸头吹风条件下的出汗量,g/h;Among them, R es is the moisture resistance of the simulated skin itself in the simulated head device, Pa m 2 /W, A is the entire surface area of the simulated head device, m 2 , and P is the saturation of the inner side of the sweating skin at the temperature of the simulated head skin Wet vapor pressure, Pa, Pa is the saturated wet vapor pressure of the environment at ambient temperature, Pa, RH a is the relative humidity of the environment, %, E is the heat of vaporization of water, 0.672Wh/g at 35°C, G s is the sweating amount under the condition of bare head blowing, g/h;
(2)在无风条件下,系统平衡后测量模拟头外部空气层的热阻和湿阻:(2) Under no wind conditions, measure the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the air layer outside the analog head after the system is balanced:
其中,Re0是帽子外空气层的湿阻,Pa·m2/W,G0是裸头不吹风条件下的出汗量,g/h,Rt0是帽子外空气层的热阻,℃·m2/W,ts是模拟头皮肤温度,℃,ta是环境温度,℃,H0是裸头在不吹风的总加热功率,W;Among them, R e0 is the moisture resistance of the air layer outside the hat, Pa m 2 /W, G 0 is the sweating amount under the condition of bare head without blowing wind, g/h, R t0 is the thermal resistance of the air layer outside the hat, °C m 2 /W, t s is the skin temperature of the simulated head, ℃, t a is the ambient temperature, ℃, H 0 is the total heating power of the bare head without blowing, W;
(3)将帽子自置于所述模拟头装置上,系统平衡后帽子的热阻和湿阻可直接测量得到:(3) Put the hat on the simulation head device, the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat after the system is balanced can be directly measured:
其中,Rem是帽子的湿阻,Pa·m2/W,G是测试过程中出汗量,g/h,f是面积系数,根据帽子与头的的具体覆盖状态确定,Rtm是帽子的热阻,℃·m2/W,H是模拟头的总加热功率,W。Among them, R em is the moisture resistance of the hat, Pa·m 2 /W, G is the amount of sweat during the test, g/h, f is the area factor, determined according to the specific coverage state of the hat and the head, R tm is the hat The thermal resistance, ℃·m 2 /W, H is the total heating power of the analog head, W.
下面以一个具体的实施例来进一步说明本发明。The present invention will be further described below with a specific embodiment.
实验在20±0.5℃,65±3%相对湿度的恒温恒湿室中进行:The experiment is carried out in a constant temperature and humidity room at 20±0.5°C and 65±3% relative humidity:
1.在按图2吹强风的条件下,模拟头皮肤温度控制在35℃,裸态模拟头的出汗率达到52.8g/m2h,,模拟头的表面积为0.165m2,35℃时空气的饱和湿蒸汽压为5626Pa,20℃时空气的饱和湿蒸汽压为2338.5Pa,35℃时水的蒸发热为0.672W·h/g,根据式(1),模拟皮肤的本身的湿阻为19Pa·m2/W。1. Under the condition of strong wind blowing according to Figure 2, the skin temperature of the simulated head is controlled at 35°C, the sweat rate of the naked simulated head reaches 52.8g/m 2 h, and the surface area of the simulated head is 0.165m 2 , at 35°C The saturated wet vapor pressure of air is 5626Pa, the saturated wet vapor pressure of air at 20°C is 2338.5Pa, and the heat of evaporation of water at 35°C is 0.672W h/g. According to formula (1), the moisture resistance of the skin itself is simulated It is 19 Pa·m 2 /W.
2.在无风条件下,皮肤温度还为35℃,裸态模拟头的出汗率为28g/m2h,根据式(2)和式(3),模拟头外部空气层的湿阻和热阻分别为17Pa·m2/W和0.064℃·m2/W。2. Under windless conditions, the skin temperature is still 35°C, and the sweat rate of the naked simulated head is 28g/m2h. According to formula (2) and formula (3), the moisture resistance and thermal resistance of the air layer outside the simulated head They are 17 Pa·m 2 /W and 0.064°C·m 2 /W, respectively.
3.将某一被测帽子戴到模拟头上,该帽为带护耳弹性紧头帽,面积因子可取1。模拟头皮肤温度依旧控制在35℃,待系统达到平衡后,模拟头的出汗率为15.5g/m2h,则根据式(4)和式(5),则该帽子的湿阻和热阻分别为29Pa·m2/W和0.029℃·m2/W。3. Put a tested hat on the simulated head. The hat is an elastic tight-fitting hat with ear protectors, and the area factor can be 1. The skin temperature of the simulated head is still controlled at 35°C. After the system reaches equilibrium, the sweating rate of the simulated head is 15.5g/m2h. According to formula (4) and formula (5), the moisture resistance and thermal resistance of the hat are respectively It is 29Pa·m 2 /W and 0.029°C·m 2 /W.
不难发现,本发明采用被动式出汗模拟原理,出汗量是根据模拟头的具体穿戴情况和环境状态自动调节的,供水管中水的消耗量就等于模拟头上外散失的汗气量,通过记录水管中水位的下降量就可精确计量模拟头的出汗量。因此,本发明中的出汗模拟头可以对帽子的热阻和湿阻精确测量,同时可以更好地评价头部在各种环境中的热舒适性。It is not difficult to find that the present invention adopts the principle of passive sweating simulation, and the amount of sweating is automatically adjusted according to the specific wearing conditions and environmental conditions of the simulated head. Recording the drop in the water level in the pipe allows for an accurate measurement of the amount of sweat the dummy head is sweating. Therefore, the sweating simulation head in the present invention can accurately measure the thermal resistance and moisture resistance of the hat, and at the same time can better evaluate the thermal comfort of the head in various environments.
Claims (9)
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| CN105910841A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-08-31 | 安瑞装甲材料(芜湖)科技有限公司 | Helmet quality detection system |
| CN106033651A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-10-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | A device for simulating human skin temperature regulation and sweating |
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| CN120102848A (en) * | 2025-05-09 | 2025-06-06 | 宁波大禾仪器有限公司 | Sweating device and control method for sweating manikin |
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| CN106033651A (en) * | 2014-12-09 | 2016-10-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | A device for simulating human skin temperature regulation and sweating |
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| CN108279254A (en) * | 2018-01-16 | 2018-07-13 | 东华大学 | A kind of fabric thermal resistance recurrence measurement method |
| CN112231924A (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2021-01-15 | 北京服装学院 | Clothing thermal resistance testing technology based on 3D virtual technology |
| CN112231924B (en) * | 2020-10-26 | 2024-03-26 | 北京服装学院 | Clothing thermal resistance testing technology based on three-dimensional virtual technology |
| CN120102848A (en) * | 2025-05-09 | 2025-06-06 | 宁波大禾仪器有限公司 | Sweating device and control method for sweating manikin |
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