CN103201430A - Clamp for attaching a rail and system provided with such a clamp - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a tension clamp for a fixed track (S), the tension clamp having an intermediate section (3), at least one torsion section (9, 10) inclined downward in the lateral direction from the intermediate section (3), at least one transition section (11, 12) supported on the torsion section (9, 10), and at least one support arm (13, 14) connected to the transition section (11, 12), and a terminal section (19, 20) provided at the free end of the support arm.

Description

Tension clamps for fastening rails and systems equipped with such tension clamps

technical field

The invention relates to a tension clip for fixing a rail, which has a middle section, at least one twist section inclined laterally from the middle section, at least one transition section which bears on the twist section and at least one The holding arm connected to the transition section is provided with a terminal section at the free end of the holding arm, through which the tension clamp is supported in use on the rail foot of each track to be fixed. Tension clamps of this type are bent in one piece from spring steel.

The invention also relates to a system for securing a rail having a rail foot, a nose resting thereon and a rail head, the system having a guide plate, a tension clip maintained on the guide plate and a tension clip relative to the support rail The ground tensioning tensioning mechanism.

Background technique

Track systems and tension clips of the aforementioned type are described, for example, in US patent documents US 3,690,551A or US 3,439,874A. The holding arms of the ω-shaped tension clips known from these patent documents have, in plan view, an arcuate contour with end sections whose end sides are aligned with one another. In this case, the end section is formed curved or rectilinear, parallel to the associated twisted section of the tension clip.

In the finished assembled position, the free end of the holding arm rests on the rail foot of the rail to be fixed. The middle portion of the tension clip surrounds the middle portion of the set bolt. After positioning the rails, the tension clips are pushed towards the rail foot and compressed by tightening the bolts to the finished assembly position. The tension clip is clamped with the clamping process, which exerts on the rail foot a necessary holding force, which is elastically transmitted by the holding arm, for holding the rail.

Another tension clamp and a system of the aforementioned type are known from document DE 10 2007 046 543 A1. In known systems, tension clips are used as elastic elements for generating an elastic holding force forming an elastic compression of the rail, which tension clip takes into account the length of the carrier plate measured in the longitudinal direction of the rail to be fixed. The case is designed such that at least one of its holding arms is placed under the maximum spring distance. In this case, the end section of the holding arm is bent, starting from the twisted section, in such a way that it points in the direction of the nose piece of the rail to be fastened in the assembled position. This measure provides, on the one hand, a narrowly delimited support area formed at the free end of the respective end section (where the holding arm with its end section exerts the necessary pressing force on the rail foot during use) Lay it on the track to be fixed from the edge of the rail foot in the direction of the track nose frame. This ensures that when the rail foot moves excessively violently in the transverse and longitudinal direction due to the lateral forces and possibly imprecise lateral support of the carrier plate when the rail is driven over, the necessary holding force is then continued smoothly from the respective holding The arm is transferred to the rail foot. Furthermore, the shifting of the support area in the direction of the rail nose leads to a higher resistance against unintended rotation, which simplifies the especially positionally precise assembly of the tension clip.

Practical experience with the aforementioned systems has shown that, by means of the bending of the end sections of the holding arms of the tension clips, a secure maintenance of the track is ensured in the event of greater transverse pushes. However, the specific shaping of the tension clips used in the aforementioned systems proves to be advantageous in view of the maximum elasticity of the springs. However, there is a demand for tension clips which are not only capable of exerting sufficient pressing force but also have an optimized fatigue strength. Such requirements exist in the area of tracks that are traversed by very heavy freight trains with a high number of sections.

Contents of the invention

Against this background, the object of the present invention is to provide a tension clip and a system for fixing rails which can apply a compressive force under conditions of high fatigue strength, while at the same time ensuring that, in the case of previous Sufficiently high pressing forces are applied to the rails in case of wear of the rail fixing system.

With regard to the tension clamp, this object is achieved according to the invention in that such a tension clamp has the features given in claim 1 .

This object is achieved according to the invention in that such a system has a tension clip formed according to the invention, in view of the system of fastening rails.

Advantageous refinements of the invention are given in the dependent claims and are explained in detail below as the general inventive concept.

Corresponding to the aforementioned prior art, the tension clamp according to the invention has a central section, at least one twist section inclined laterally from the central section, at least one transition section abutting the twist section and at least one connection Sustaining arm on transition section. End sections are provided at the free ends of the holding arms, via which the tension clamps are supported in use on the rail feet of the respective rail to be fixed.

According to the invention, at least the curved section of the free end of the holding arm reaching the end section is continuously bent in such a way that, in a plan view of the tension clamp, the end section points in the direction of the middle section and points to the twist section corresponding to the respective holding arm the vertical axis.

In the case of the tension clip according to the invention, the end sections present on the respective holding arms start from the rail nose of the rail to be fastened in the construction position in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the tension clip corresponding to the torsion section of the respective holding arm bent. In this case, the bending of the curved section with the end section of the retaining arm is preferably not restricted to bending in one plane. Instead, the bending takes place in three spatial directions. In this way, narrowly delimited, approximately point-shaped support surfaces are formed in the individual end sections, via which the end sections are supported during use on the rail feet of the rail to be fastened.

A preferably narrowly delimited support surface in the region of the end section where the bending takes place according to the invention, via which the tension clamp according to the invention is supported on the rail foot surface during use, is present in the tension clamp according to the invention Displacement occurs on and at such a position that the torsion section of each holding arm has a distance, measured longitudinally of the transverse rail, which is smaller than the maximum distance measured longitudinally of the transverse rail in a top view of the tension clamp. The retaining arm of the tension clip according to the invention, which is designed as a bend up to its free end, has a length which is generally increased from the torsion section to the bearing surface of the end section compared to conventional tension clips, with this increased length Due to its arc which in use protrudes relative to the support surface in the direction of the nose piece of the rail to be fixed. Due to this increased length and the bent-in-curve shape, the sustaining arm is able to accommodate large alternating loads without risk of damage. Accordingly, with the tension clamp according to the invention, the pressing force is applied with an optimized tension clamp fatigue strength.

The design of the tension clip according to the invention also has a positive effect in that due to wear, the tension clip undergoes an orbital displacement in the transverse and longitudinal direction relative to the guide plate on which the tension clip is supported. The provision according to the invention of the curved section of the holding arm leading to the end section and the end section itself (the end section starts from the nose of the rail to be fixed in the use position) ensures that when the guide plate and the rail foot If a gap is formed due to wear, there is a secure connection between the rail foot and the tension clamp, and sufficient pressing force is exerted on the rail foot, the gap is so large that the terminal section acting on the rail foot passes through it part of the length protrudes through the gap. In this case, the tension clip no longer presses against the rail foot with the bearing surface of the respective end section loaded in the new state, but by the extension of the tension clip in the direction of the torsional section or the imaginary longitudinal axis The bent shape of the end section ensures that the tension clamp can also act on the rail in this case. As a result, the tension clamp "crushes" the rail foot with its bent end section during the displacement of the rail, with the result that a displacement of the bearing surface, through which the end section Acts on the track. This effect occurs when the end section is bent over three spatial sections, ie stands in use on the rail foot with a narrowly delimited, almost point-like support surface.

Due to the relatively wide arcuate shape of the curve section, the retaining arm according to the invention has an increased length. This results in a greater elasticity of the sustaining arm, with a correspondingly weaker load and, as a result, an increased fatigue strength. The measure for maintaining the minimum length of the arm is the minimum distance between the end section formed according to the invention and the associated torsion section. In the new, assembled state of the system according to the invention, this distance is greater than the distance between the torsion section and the edge of the rail foot corresponding to the contact surface of the guide plate. This ensures that the end section always rests on the rail foot over a sufficient length in order to exert the necessary pressing force for imprecise alignment of the rail foot and guide plate due to wear or assembly errors.

The previously summarized advantages of the alignment and shaping of the terminal section of the tension clip according to the invention manifest themselves when the length of the arcuate terminal section of the maintenance arm is 20% of the length of the torsion section.

For the holding arm according to the invention, according to an embodiment variant, the curved section on one side, which includes the respective end section, is designed as a continuous arc, while the holding arm is formed rectilinear in at least one other section, Large distances are thus bridged.

According to a further embodiment variant, the retaining arm is designed overall as a continuously bent curve section, which reduces the tension acting on the retaining arm and thus achieves a maximum continuous load capacity. At the same time, in this shaping, a simple production of the tension clip is achieved.

The retaining arm can be formed in such a way that it deforms only minimally during the tensioning process. This makes it possible to immediately align the end section of the retaining arm with respect to the remaining part in such a way that it stands completely on the rail foot surface for the tension clip that has been released. For this purpose, the shaping and alignment of the retaining arms are selected in such a way that the retaining arms act as levers with as little self-elasticity as possible, so that the spring force exerted by the tension clamp in the tensioned state is substantially only passed through the twisting section. Twist generation. This is achieved in that the holding arm is aligned with respect to the torsion section in such a way that the torsion section and the holding arm enclose an angle of 80°-110°, in particular an angle of 85°-95°, in plan view of the tension clamp , where an angle close to 90° within the scope of manufacturing technology possibilities leads to ideal results.

The rigidity of the retaining arm can be optimized in that the arcuate part of the retaining arm extends in a plane into which the torsion section opens at an angle of 80°-100°. In practice, the alignment of the arcuate portions of the holding arms is achieved in that the transition section between the holding arms and the torsion section comprises an upwardly aligned arcuate portion for tension clips lying in the horizontal plane, the arcuate portion comprising Angle area of 80°-110°. With regard to the bow-shaped design of the relevant part of the tension clip holding arm according to the invention, in side view, there is a bow-shaped or arched design in this part area, which ensures that the holding arm is under a highly elastic pressing force or under The track essentially retains its shape in the event of a lateral push. Thus, the final section ideally rests against the rail foot in the tensioned state.

The concentration of the pressing force generation on the torsion section can be supported by the fact that, in plan view, the central section forms an angle of 80°-110° with the torsion section. In this configuration, the central section essentially serves only as a lever for the twisting of the torsion section, without being elastically flexible itself.

The tensioning clip according to the invention can be produced in one piece from a spring wire, like the tensioning clips known from the prior art, in particular that the tensioning clip is formed in an arcuate curve without abrupt bending.

The storage and handling of the tension clip according to the invention can be simplified in a known manner by the fact that the distance from the free end of the bent final section to the middle section is smaller than that of the middle section, of the torsion section, of the transition Minimum thickness of section, sustain arm and terminal section. In this way, loosely placed tension clips are reliably prevented from jamming.

Of course, the tension clamp according to the invention is formed mirror-symmetrically like the known tension clamp, in particular that the middle section is formed annular and the middle section is separated from each other by two oppositely aligned torsion sections via a transition zone section, with the sustaining arm of the terminal section attached to the torsion section. The tension clamp according to the invention has a W-shaped or omega-shaped design.

The concentrating of the elastic pressing force on the torsion section, which is pursued by the invention, allows a particularly space-saving design of the tension clip according to the invention. According to an advantageous refinement of the invention, the length of the torsion arms is arranged so short that the individual retaining arms are guided at least in sections over the guide plate.

Description of drawings

Below, the present invention is further clarified by means of the accompanying drawings showing embodiments, in the accompanying drawings:

Figure 1 shows the fixed points along the X-X cutting line drawn in Figure 4;

Figure 2 shows a front side view of the tension clamp employed in the systems of Figures 4 and 5;

FIG. 3 shows the tension clamp according to FIG. 2 in top view;

Figure 4 shows in top view the fixing point formed by the system of two fixing rails;

FIG. 5 shows the fastening point according to FIG. 4 in a partial side view.

Explanation of reference signs

1 tension clip

2 Foundation U bearing surface

3 The middle section of each tension clip 1

4, 5 Outriggers of each tension clamp 1

6 Connection section of middle section 3

7, 8 Transition section of each tension clamp 1

9, 10 Torsion section of each tension clamp 1

11, 12 Transition section of each tension clip 1

13, 14 The maintenance arm of each tension clamp 1

15, 16 The part of the maintenance arm of each tension clamp 1

17, 18 Transition section of each tension clamp 1

19, 20 Terminal section of each tension clamp 1

21, 22 The supporting surface of each tension clip 1

23 guide plate

24 tension bolts

a spacing

B The width of the guide plate 23

d The thickness of the spring steel of each tension clip 1

E elastic layer

F Rail foot of track S

Nose mount for G track S

L Longitudinal axis of torsion section 9, 10

Le length of terminal section 19, 20

Lt Length of torsion section 9, 10

Lh maintains the length of the arms 13, 14

Center axis of M section 15, 16

N1 plane

N2 plane

O Upper side of rail foot F

S track

S1, S2 fixed track S system

U Foundation

w Minimum distance between the torsion arms 9, 10 of the tension clamp 1 and the ends corresponding to the end sections 19, 20 of the tension clamp

v the distance between the torsion arms 9, 10 of the tension clamp 50 and the edge of the rail foot F corresponding to the tension clamp

alpha angle

beta angle

X, Y, Z space direction

Detailed ways

The tension clip 1 is mirror-symmetrical with respect to the plane N1 and is formed in one piece from a spring wire with a curve that does not bend abruptly and serves to fix the rail S on the foundation U formed by a concrete slab, the plane N1 is aligned perpendicular to the support surface 2 of the foundation U. The tension clamp has an annularly formed, U-shaped middle section 3 in plan view (FIG. 4), with two parallel spaced apart aligned legs 4, 5 and connected to each other with the legs 4, 5 corresponding to the Semicircular connection section 6 of rail foot F of rail S.

A twisting section 9 , 10 proceeding from the side is connected to each leg 4 , 5 of the central section 3 via a transition section 7 , 8 bent by 90°. The torsion sections 9 , 10 move away from each other in the opposite direction of the middle section 3 and form an angle α of approximately 90° with the legs 4 , 5 corresponding to their middle section in plan view.

At the ends of the torsion sections 9 , 10 remote from the middle section 3 , there is a further transition section 11 , 12 , which is arranged in a circular arc with respect to the tension clamp 1 ( FIGS. 1 , 2 ) located on its underside. Leading upwards, the arc has an angle of 90°.

The transition section 11 , 12 merges at its end remote from the respective torsion section into a continuously angled retaining arm 13 , 14 . Due to its continuously bent shape in the three spatial directions X, Y, Z, the retaining arms 13 , 14 appear as a single curved section. The retaining arm parts 15 , 16 connected to the respective transition section 11 , 12 form an angle β of 90° in plan view to the associated torsion section 9 , 10 so that in plan view they are approximately parallel to the legs 4 of the middle section 3 , 5 and aligned.

The center axis M of the parts 15 , 16 of the holding arms 13 , 14 extends in a plane N2 which is derived from the common longitudinal axis L of the torsion sections 9 , 10 at an angle of 90±5°. Here, the parts 15 , 16 of the retaining arms 13 , 14 are formed bent according to the type of arch and enclose an angular range of approximately 180°.

At its end facing away from the twisting section 9 , 10 , the parts 15 , 16 of the holding arms 13 , 14 transition in transition areas 17 , 18 into end sections 19 , 20 respectively, which are twisted in the direction of the middle section 3 Leading down at about 90°. The end sections 19 , 20 in plan view ( FIG. 3 ) as a continuation of the transition sections 17 , 18 further in the direction of the longitudinal axis L of the torsion sections 9 , 10 and in the direction of the middle section 3 in three spatial directions X, Y, Z are bent so that, when lying in one plane, the end sections rest on the relevant plane with narrowly delimited, approximately point-shaped support surfaces 21 , 22 . The length and curvature of the end sections 19 , 20 are selected here (taking into account the lengths of the parts 15 , 16 of the extension arms 13 , 14 parallel to the legs 4 , 5 of the middle section 3 ), such that the end sections The sections 19 , 20 end at a distance a from the connection section 6 of the middle section 3 , which is smaller than the minimum thickness d of the spring steel from which the tensioning clip 1 is bent. The sparse clear width of the distance between the intermediate section 3 and the final section 19 , 20 is so small that no further tension clips 1 can be present at this distance.

In order to fix the track S on the foundation U, two identically constructed systems S1, S2 fitted on opposite sides of the track S are used, comprising tension clamps 1, guide plates 23 and tension clamps as tension tension clamps Tension bolts 24 required for components.

For the embodiment described, the guide plate 23 is formed according to the type of a conventional corner guide plate and has a shoulder on its underside corresponding to the foundation U, extending over a width B measured over the longitudinal length of the rail S, The shoulder sits for the guide plate 23 in the assembly position in a correspondingly formed groove provided in the foundation. In addition, the guide plate 23 supports with its rear side facing away from the rail S a shoulder also formed in the foundation U in the assembled position. On the front side of the guide plate corresponding to the rail foot F, widened with respect to the rear side, the guide plate has a contact surface against which the rail is supported on its longitudinal edge. From the track S, lateral forces generated when a train (not shown here) passes are absorbed by the guide plate 23 and introduced into the foundation U.

Adjacent to the rear side of the guide plate, the guide plate 23 has a groove running parallel to the contact surface of the guide plate 23 on its upper side; and a through-opening leading from the upper side to the foundation U, through which the tensioning bolt 24 is inserted, also not visible here. Tension bolts 24 are screwed into pins, which are not visible here, inserted into foundation U.

The tension clip 1 arranged on the respective guide plate 23 sits with its twisted section 9 , 10 in the groove of the guide plate 23 . The length Lt of the torsion section 9 , 10 is dimensioned such that the retaining arms 13 , 14 are each guided above the guide plate 23 and are guided at least in the widened front region of the guide plate corresponding to the rail foot F. The width received by the tension clip 1 is accordingly only insignificantly greater than the width B of the guide plate 23 .

At the same time, the lengths of the legs 4, 5 of the middle section 3 are dimensioned in such a way that the tension clamp 1 sits in a pre-assembly position for the tension bolts that have been screwed in but not yet fully tightened, in which position the torsion zone The segments 9 , 10 are arranged offset in the rear direction of the guide plate 23 outside the groove of the guide plate 23 corresponding to the guide plate in such a way that the bent final sections 19 , 20 of the tension clip 1 are no longer rails. The area set by S is convex. After positioning the rail S in the space provided between the guide plates 23 of the systems S1, S2, the tension clip 1 is pushed from its pre-assembly position into the final assembly position, in which the tension clip 1 is pushed with its rail S The bent final sections 19, 20 of the nosepiece G stand on the upper side O of the rail foot F. Next, each bolt 24 is tightened. In this case, the middle sections 3 of the tensioning clips 1 are each moved in the direction of the foundation U. Since the holding arms 13 , 14 are at the same time substantially rigidly supported on the rail foot, substantially only its torsion section 9 , 10 is torsionally twisted during tensioning of the tensioning clamp 1 . As a result, such a high spring force is provided to press the rail S elastically. The elastic force is exerted on the rail foot F via a relatively large contact surface, so that despite the increased pressing force, the risk of wear in the contact area between the tension clip 1 and the rail foot F is minimized. In order to ensure the flexibility of the support of the rail S in the direction of the foundation U, an elastic layer E can be arranged in a known manner between the rail foot F and the foundation.

The length Lh of the holding arms 13, 14, measured in the longitudinal direction of the transverse rail S as well as in the transverse longitudinal axis L, is dimensioned such that, in the new state, for the assembled systems S1, S2, in a direction extending parallel to the longitudinal axis L The minimum distance w between the torsion section 9 , 10 and the respective corresponding end section 19 , 20 is greater than the distance v between the edge of the rail foot F assigned to the respective guide plate 23 and the torsion section 9 , 10 . The dimensioning of the holding arms 13 , 14 ensures that the end sections 19 , 20 are always securely supported on the rail feet. If, due to wear, the rail S is displaced relative to the guide plate 23, the result is that the bearing surfaces 21, 22 of the previously loaded end sections protrude in a gap (the gap is formed between the guide plate 23 and the rail foot F) , then the terminal sections 19, 20 stand on the rail foot F via the support section (the support section is spaced from the free end sides of the terminal sections 19, 20).

Claims (11)

1. the clips of a trapped orbit (S), described clips has a centre portion (3), at least one is from middle section (3) downward-sloping section (9 that reverses on side surface direction, 10), at least one is undertaken in reverses section (9,10) transition zone (7 on, 8) and at least one be connected transition zone (7,8) keep arm (13 on, 14), be provided with terminal block (19 at the free end of keeping arm, 20), pass through terminal block, clips in use is supported on each rail foot for the treatment of trapped orbit (S), it is characterized in that, keep arm (13,14) at least to arrive at terminal block (19,20) free-ended curve section is crooked so continuously, namely, with the vertical view of clips (1), terminal block (19,20) sensing centre portion (3) direction and sensing are kept arm (13 corresponding to each, 14) reverse section (9,10) the longitudinal axis.

2. clips according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the described curve section of keeping arm (13,14) and its terminal block (19,20) bend at three direction in spaces.

3. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, describedly keep arm (13,14) and describedly reverse section (9,10) forms one 80 °-110 ° in vertical view angle (α).

4. clips according to claim 3 is characterized in that, keeps arm (13,14) and described to reverse the angle that section (9,10) forms be 85 °-95 ° by described in vertical view.

5. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, the described arc part (15,16) of keeping arm (13,14) is extended in a plane, and the described section (9,10) that reverses is with 80 °-100 ° angle and this Plane intersects.

6. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, in vertical view, described centre portion (3) and the described angle of reversing one 80 °-110 ° of section (9,10) formation.

7. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that bowl line does not take place to form bendingly suddenly described clips.

8. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that the free end of described terminal block (19,20) is to the spacing (a) of centre portion (3) minimum thickness (D) less than centre portion (3), that reverse section (9,10), transition zone (11,12), that keep arm (13,14) and terminal block (19,20).

9. according to any described clips of aforementioned claim, it is characterized in that, described clips forms the minute surface symmetry, be specially, described centre portion (3) forms annular, and by described centre portion downward-sloping go out two mutually alignment reverse section, through transition section (11,12), the arm (13,14) of keeping that has terminal block (19,20) is connected and reverses on the section.

10. the system of a trapped orbit (S), described track has rail foot (F), upright nose frame and rail head thereon, described system has guided plate, maintain the clips on the guided plate and make clips with respect to the strainer of the ground tensioning of supporting track, it is characterized in that, formation is according to any described clips of claim 1 to 9, and, reversing section (9,10) with corresponding to the terminal block (19 that reverses section, 20) minimum spacing between (w) is greater than reversing section (9,10) with corresponding to the contact surface (21 of guided plate (23), 22) minimum spacing between rail foot (F) edge (v).

11. system according to claim 10 is characterized in that, the described length (Lt) of reversing section (9,10) arranges size like this, that is, each is kept arm (13,14) and is guided on guided plate (23) on range selector ground at least at rigging position.

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