CN1033103C - 质子导电固体电解质固相参比电极定氢测头 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种质子导电固体电解质固相参比电极电化学定氢测头,在一端密闭固体电解质陶瓷管内装入Ca/CaH2混合物维持氢分压恒定作为参比电极,固体电解质管开口端插入内穿电极导线刚玉管并密封。气相定氢测头固体电解质管外侧涂敷烧结Ag/Pd薄层并绕有导线。该测头结构,制作工艺简单,测量精度高,使用寿命长。可广泛应用于金属精炼,工业炉窑的过程自动化控制及监测中。
Description
本发明涉及快速或连续测定气相或融熔金属及合金中的氢含量。
液态金属或合金凝固时氢溶解度大大降低,析出氢气使材料质量下降。特别是高质金属材料铸造前应作脱氢处理。工业烧结炉,干燥炉窑气氛中含氢量或水蒸汽含量也是重要技术指标。在这些生产过程中氢含量和水蒸汽含量的检测十分重要。
通常采用的取样分析因氢扩散能力极强难以做到准确,且须较长时间。
氧化锆固体电解质测头只能测定一定浓度范围的氧含量,不能测定氢的含量。
最近几年报导了以SrCeO3(+Yb2O3)质子导电烧结体为固体电解质,以已知氢分压气体为参比电极材料的氢浓差电池型氢传感器(参见日公开特许平1—265152背景叙述部分)。这类测头
参比电极需要供气系统供应一定氢分压气体,装置复杂,参比气体可能向被测体系泄漏。因此难以实际应用。
稍后发明的极化电流型氢传感器,是在质子导电固体电解质两侧电极之间施加电位差,测定极化电流来求出被测体系氢含量(日特许公开平1—265152)该传感器要在SrCeO3(+Yb2O3)陶瓷片涂电极,固定导线,然后与氧化铝管粘接,还要由恒电位仪维持两极间电位差,以电流表测定电流。
本发明的目的在于解决上述定氢测头存在的问题,在一端封闭的质子导电陶瓷管内装入Ca和CaH2混合物作为维持氢分压恒定的参比电极,使该测头不需供气系统,制作工艺结构简单,且使用方便可靠,提高测量精度,延长寿命。
本发明的原理是氢浓差电池可记作:
H2(I)|S5rCeO3(+Yb2O3)|H2(II)电池电动势与电极氢分压的关系为:
-2FE=RTIn(PH2(II)/PH2(I)) (1)R—气体常数,T—绝对温度,F—法拉弟常数,E—平衡电动势。相对低氢分压电极为正极。
Ca与CaH2混合物两相共存维持恒定氢分压。在873—1053K温度范围,βCa与αCaH2平衡氢分压为:
logPH2(Torr)=-9610/T+10.227 (2)
金属中溶解的氢含量与金属周围氢含量一一对应。例如铝液中氢浓度与平衡氢分压的关系为:
log(S/PH2 1/2)=-276O/T+1.356 (3)S—铝中氢浓度,cm3/100gAl;PH2—平衡氢分压,Torr,T—绝对温度。
因此测定铝液的平衡氢分压即可求得铝液氢含量。
将(2),(3)式代入(1)式可得铝液氢浓度与本发明测头的电动势E之间的关系式:
logS=-2FE/(4.60 6RT)-7565/T+6.47 (4)符号意义,单位同(3)式。由本发明测头测定电动势E及温度T,由(4)式可直接求得被测铝液中的氢浓度。
本发明由质子导电陶瓷管(1),Ca/CaH2混合物(2),金属导线(3),刚玉管(4)成。质子导电陶瓷管一端封闭,管内装有Ca和CaH2混合物及金属导线,金属导线插入瓷管的那一端盘成弹簧状与管的内壁紧密接触,陶瓷管另一端有密封层将参比电极与外界隔离。刚玉管穿在金属导线外并插入陶瓷管中。气相氢含量测头外涂敷烧结Ag/Pd薄层,并绕有另一电极导线。
采用密度为94%理论值以上的钙钛矿型高温质子导电烧结陶瓷管为固体电解质,成分为MCe1-xRxO3-α(M=Sr,Ba,R=Yb,Nd,X=0.01~0.1),管子的一端封闭。
取一定长度金属导线,一端盘成弹簧状,将其推入陶瓷管内。
本发明测头的组装在Ar气手套箱中进行。从密封铁罐中取出Ca、CaH2块,Ca块锉成细粉与CaH2混合并迅速填入质子导电陶瓷管内压实。用磷酸盐基耐火快干水泥密封。以外径与质子导电陶瓷管内径相近的刚玉管穿在金属导线上并插入装好Ca/CaH及由耐火快干水泥密封的质子导电陶瓷管内。
气相定氢测头的质子导电陶瓷管外侧事先涂敷烧结Ag/Pd或Pd薄层为测定电极。其余操作与前者相同。快干水泥固化后,在测头外侧绕上金属丝为导线。
本发明中金属导线可采用Mo,FeCrAl,Pt丝,视被测体系性质而定。两电极导线材质不同时应对电动势值修正金属热电势。
测头使用时,将测头与另一导线及热电偶一同插入融熔金属形成氢浓差电池,测定一定温度下的平衡电动势即可求得被测体系的氢含量。测定气相氢分压时采用测头外部有薄层电极并绕有电极的测头。
对Ar+H2混合气体及融熔Al分别作了定氢测定。实验室测定装置如图2 。
气相氢分压测定过程与结果如下:
石英反应管(8)内装入气相氢测头及热电偶。程序控温仪控制管式电阻炉保持炉温恒定。通Ar气置换反应管中空气后,通入已知氢分压的Ar+H2混合气体,改变氢分压及温度进行了一系列测定。平衡电动势由输入阻抗为109Ω数字电压表测定。参比电极氢分压由(2)式决定被测气相氢分压已知所以由(1)式可知理论电动势。在图3将测定值与理论电动势作了比较。两者良好一致,证明本发明测头准确可靠,可以用来测定未知氢分压的气体。如气相中氧分压已知则从氢氧平衡关系求得气相中的水蒸汽分压。
铝液氢含量测定过程与结果如下:
铝块装入坩埚,测试装置如图2。Ar气置换反应管中原有空气后,升温至1023K恒定,温度由热电偶(7)测定。将电极导线(3)及测头(5)插入铝液(6)中。数字电压表立即显示数值并很快(约10秒)达到平衡,以后长时间只有小幅度缓慢波动。当往Ar气中加入氢气时,电动势才有剧烈变化。图4为几个不同测头的测定值。从电动势与时间及气氛的关系可知本发明测头能快速测定铝液中氢含量,也可以长时间监测氢浓度。
将测得的电动势值代入(4)式,即可求得本实验条件下铝液中氢含量。图4中○;△点表示不同测头的测定值,对应氢含量为0.068cm3/100gAl。该值高于一般认为的固体铝中氢溶解度0.03cm3/100gA这是由于铝液从通入的Ar气中含有的水蒸汽吸收部分氢所至。图4中·点为通入干燥Ar气时测头的电动势值。电动势值略高表示铝液中氢含量较低,由(4)式求出氢含量为0.052cm3/100gAl。上述测定结果说明本发明测头能准确反映铝液中氢含量的变化。
测定铝以外金属或合金中氢含量时可将具体金属或合金中的氢溶解与平衡氢分压的关系式取代(3)式,一样可以从电动势测定值求出氢含量。
生产现场测定时可将电极导线,热电偶固定在测头边,一同插入液态金属即可。
本发明制备工艺简单,操作使用十分方便,可测定微量氢含量。可广泛应用于金属精炼,工业炉气相监测等方面。
图1定氢测头构造
图2定氢测定装置
图3气相氢测头电动势与理论值的比较(---,-·-·-:理论值;○;●;△;▲;测定值)。
图4铝液定氢测定结果(·:初始气氛干燥Ar)
Claims (3)
1.一种用于测定气体样品中的氢含量的探头,包括固体电解质陶瓷管(1)、固体参比电极(2)、金属导线(3)和刚玉管(4),在其中
所述固体电解质陶瓷管为一端封闭,另一端有耐火水泥密封层,管内装有参比电极材料,管内剩余空间套有一刚玉管,固体电解质陶瓷管外侧涂敷有烧结Ag/Pd或Pd导电薄层,并绕有电极导线;
所述固态参比电极装在陶瓷管内,由ca和caH2的混合物组成;
所述金属导线在刚玉管中心,插入电极材料的一端盘或弹簧状,与固体电解质陶瓷管内壁紧密接触,
所述刚玉管与陶瓷管内径相配合。
2、一种用于测定熔融金属样品中的氢含量的探头,包括固体电解质陶瓷管(1)、固体参比电极(2)、金属导线(3)和刚玉管(4),在其中,
所述固体电解质陶瓷管为一端封闭,另一端有耐火泥密封层,管内装有参比电极材料,管内剩余空间套有一刚玉管,固体电解质陶瓷管外侧设有导电薄层和电极导线;
所述固态参比电极装在陶瓷管内,由Ca和CaH2的混合物组成;
所述金属导线在刚玉管中心,插入电极材料的一端盘或弹簧状,与固体电解质陶瓷管内壁紧密接触;
所述刚玉管与陶瓷管内径相配合。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的探头,其特征在于所述的固体电解质陶瓷是高温质子导电钙钛矿型烧结体MCel-xRxO3-α(M=Sr,Ba,R=Yb,Nd,X=0.01~0.1)
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| JP6382162B2 (ja) * | 2015-07-08 | 2018-08-29 | 株式会社Soken | ガスセンサのポンプ電極及び基準電極 |
| CN106045482B (zh) * | 2016-05-27 | 2019-05-10 | 内蒙古科技大学 | 稀土氧化物掺杂氧化铝基高性能金属熔体定氢探头材料的制备方法 |
| CN106248760B (zh) * | 2016-09-09 | 2018-12-14 | 中广核研究院有限公司 | 测量液态金属中溶解氧活度的固相参比电极氧传感器 |
| CN112129824B (zh) * | 2020-09-24 | 2021-11-30 | 东北大学 | 一种无损测量固体钢中氢含量的装置及方法 |
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