CN103603124A - Oblique crossing normal reinforcing 2.5D fabric and weaving method thereof - Google Patents
Oblique crossing normal reinforcing 2.5D fabric and weaving method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种斜交法向增强2.5D织物及其织造方法，该织物包括经纱系统、纬纱系统和法向纱系统，经纱系统是多层经纱结构，经纱层数可以根据所要求的织物厚度设计；纬纱系统位于经纱系统的左或右侧，垂直引入经纱层，经纱系统和纬纱系统相互交织形成层层角联锁结构，其特征在于所述法向纱沿各自所在行列厚度方向的对角线方向斜向穿过织物厚度，法向纱经过四个机器运动步骤后完成一次交织循环，法向纱排列在织物最外层行和列经纱的四周，且经纱与法向纱间隔排列。该织造方法包括：初始排纱、第一次经纱开口运动、第一次引入纬纱、第一次法向纱运动、第二次经纱开口运动、第二次引入纬纱、第二次法向纱运动和依此循环织造。
The invention discloses a bias normal reinforced 2.5D fabric and a weaving method thereof. The fabric includes a warp system, a weft system and a normal yarn system. The warp system is a multi-layer warp structure, and the number of warp layers can be determined according to the required fabric thickness. Design; the weft yarn system is located on the left or right side of the warp yarn system, and is vertically introduced into the warp yarn layer. The warp yarn system and the weft yarn system are interlaced to form a layer-by-layer corner interlocking structure, which is characterized in that the normal yarns are along the opposite angles of the thickness direction of the respective rows. The thread direction passes through the thickness of the fabric obliquely, and the normal yarn completes an interweaving cycle after four machine movement steps. The normal yarn is arranged around the warp yarn of the outermost row and column of the fabric, and the warp yarn and the normal yarn are arranged at intervals. The weaving method includes: initial yarn arrangement, warp opening movement for the first time, weft yarn introduction for the first time, normal yarn movement for the first time, warp yarn opening movement for the second time, weft yarn introduction for the second time, and normal yarn movement for the second time and weaving in a cycle.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a three-dimensional fabric weaving technology, in particular to an oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric and a weaving method thereof.
Background
The 2.5D fabric (layer-by-layer angle interlocking structure fabric) is used as a typical structure of a three-dimensional woven fabric, and the yarns of each system form an integral fabric structure with a certain rule in space through interweaving warp yarns and weft yarns and a layer-by-layer interlocking fabric structure. However, in the 2.5D fabric structure, the warp yarn system has a relatively large bending shape, and when the warp yarn system is subjected to a compression load along the warp yarn direction, the bent warp yarns are more prone to buckling failure, so that the warp-direction compression resistance of the 2.5D fabric reinforced composite material is poor. The Famefacies enhanced 2.5D fabric structure improves the impact resistance and damage tolerance of the textile composite by adding a certain number of yarns throughout the thickness direction of the fabric. The composite material adopting the normal reinforced 2.5D fabric has the characteristics of compact structure, good integrity, excellent mechanical property and the like, can realize the near net shape forming of large-size special-shaped structural members, and has wide application in the fields of aviation, aerospace, energy, traffic, sports and the like.
Chinese patent application CN101208191A proposes various types of three-dimensional woven structures to meet the compactness of fiber reinforced structures. Through the design of the 2.5D angle chain and the derivative structure thereof, the multiple satin weave structure and the multiple plain weave structure meet the requirements of the overall dimension of each part of the special-shaped composite material reinforcement and the overall performance requirement of the composite material. Chinese patent application CN102227525A proposes to design a structural fabric that can have a variable thickness in the direction perpendicular to the warp and weft directions using a multilayer three-dimensional weaving technique to produce a three-dimensional fabric structure. The Chinese patent application CN101529000A proposes a three-dimensional fabric structure adopting a multi-connection multilayer type optimized weaving method, and the designed weaving structure adopts a mode that warp yarns and weft yarns are not connected layer by layer, but are connected in a multilayer type, so that the bending angle of the warp yarns is reduced, and the deformability and the impact resistance of the fabric are improved.
In the traditional normal reinforced 2.5D fabric structure, a normal yarn system and a warp and weft yarn system are perpendicular to the thickness direction of the fabric at an angle of 90 degrees, but when a high-thickness three-dimensional prefabricated body structure is designed and produced, the mechanical property requirements of components cannot be met by the yarn system which is only arranged perpendicular to the thickness direction.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric and a weaving method thereof. The normal yarns of the fabric have the characteristics of obliquely penetrating through the thickness of the fabric, enhancing the integrity, improving the mechanical property and the like; the weaving method has the characteristics of simple process, easy operation and the like.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the fabric is as follows: designing an oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric, which comprises a warp system, a weft system and a normal yarn system, wherein yarns of the three systems are relatively independent and move and weave according to respective rules, the warp system is of a multilayer warp structure, and the number of warp layers can be designed according to the required fabric thickness; the warp yarn system is positioned on the left or right side of the warp yarn system, the warp yarn layers are vertically introduced, the warp yarn system and the weft yarn system are interwoven to form a layer-by-layer angle interlocking structure, the warp yarn system is characterized in that normal yarns obliquely penetrate through the thickness of the fabric along the diagonal direction of the thickness direction of the row and the column in which the normal yarns are respectively positioned, the normal yarns complete one-time interweaving cycle after four machine motion steps, the normal yarns are arranged on the periphery of the outermost row and the column of warp yarns of the fabric, and the warp yarns and the.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problem of the weaving method comprises the following steps: designing a weaving method of a cross-linking normal reinforced 2.5D fabric, which is suitable for the cross-linking normal reinforced 2.5D fabric, and comprises the following process steps:
1) initial yarn arrangement; arranging warp yarns on a multi-eye harness of at least 2 layers of heald frames of a three-dimensional weaving machine according to the shape and size requirements of the fabric, wherein the arrangement mode of the warp yarns is determined by the sectional shape of the fabric framework, and the arranged initial state is M layers of N rows of warp yarns; the normal yarns are fixed on the yarn carriers, the yarn carriers are arranged at the periphery of the outermost row and column of warp yarns, and the column of warp yarns and the normal yarns are arranged at intervals;
2) a first warp shedding motion; controlling one heald frame to move up by one warp from the initial position and controlling the other heald frame to move down by one warp from the initial position by using a heald lifting device, so that two groups of warps form an M +1 layer shed;
3) a first weft thread insertion; sequentially introducing a weft yarn into the formed M +1 layers of sheds by a weft insertion device, or simultaneously introducing the weft yarns into each shed by a plurality of weft insertion devices, and horizontally moving a beating-up mechanism to a cloth fell to beat the introduced weft yarns into the cloth fell;
4) a first normal yarn movement; moving the normal yarns on the yarn carrier obliquely along the diagonal direction of the thickness direction of the line and the row, penetrating the thickness of the fabric, and moving the normal yarns for two steps each time;
5) a second warp shedding motion; the heald lifting device controls one heald frame to move downwards from the initial position by one warp yarn and controls the other heald frame to move upwards from the initial position by one warp yarn, so that two groups of warp yarns form an M +1 layer shed;
6) a second weft thread insertion; in the formed shed with the M +1 layer, a weft yarn is sequentially introduced by a weft insertion device, or the weft yarns are respectively introduced into each shed by a plurality of weft insertion devices simultaneously, the beating-up mechanism translates towards a cloth fell, and the introduced weft yarns are beaten into the cloth fell;
7) a second normal yarn movement; enabling the normal yarns on the yarn carrier to continuously move obliquely along the diagonal direction of the thickness direction of the line and row where the normal yarns are respectively located, namely the direction which forms a 90-degree intersection angle with the moving direction of the first normal yarns, penetrating the thickness of the fabric, and moving the normal yarns every time for two steps;
and circularly weaving in this way to prepare the 2.5D fabric reinforced by the oblique crossing method.
Compared with the existing normal direction reinforced 2.5D fabric weaving technology, in the oblique crossing normal direction reinforced 2.5D fabric, the density of normal direction yarns can be adjusted by adjusting the warp density and the weft density of the fabric. The 2.5D fabric weaving method provided by the invention is based on the existing weaving technology that the normal yarns are vertically introduced into the 2.5D fabric along the thickness direction, the introduction direction of the normal yarns is changed, a normal yarn system forming a certain angle with the thickness direction is formed, the normal yarns can be vertically introduced between warp yarns and weft yarns by a yarn introduction device, and can also be introduced in a certain angle with the thickness direction according to the density of the weft yarns, the process is simple, and the operability is strong. Compared with the existing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric, the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric prepared by the invention not only has the typical structure of the existing 2.5D fabric, but also has the normal yarns introduced along the thickness direction at a certain angle with the weft direction, so that the integrity of the interlayer structure of the fabric is further enhanced, the compression instability of the warp yarns can be effectively reduced, the composite material structure prepared by the technical scheme of the invention has higher interlayer shearing performance, the compression instability of the warp yarns can be effectively reduced, the warp-wise compression resistance of the composite material is obviously improved, and the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric can be used for a main bearing structure and a heat-proof structure in the fields of aviation, aerospace, energy sources and the like.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a schematic structural view of one embodiment of a prior art substantially normal reinforced 2.5D fabric. Wherein,
(a) a schematic top view of one embodiment of a prior art substantially normal reinforced 2.5D fabric.
(b) A schematic side view of one embodiment of a prior art substantially normal reinforced 2.5D fabric. Can be used for treating chronic rhinitis
Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the fabric structure of one embodiment of the bias cross direction reinforced 2.5D fabric of the present invention. Wherein,
(a) is a schematic top view of the cross-direction reinforced 2.5D fabric of the present invention.
(b) Is a schematic side view of the cross-cut normal reinforced 2.5D fabric of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the initial position of the normal yarns of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the normal yarn movement position of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the initial arrangement structure of warp and weft yarns according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the interweaving structure of warp and weft yarns according to the embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of a first step translation of normal yarns according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a second step translational configuration of normal yarns according to an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a third step translational configuration of normal yarns according to embodiments of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is a fourth step translational configuration of normal yarns according to embodiments of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described below with reference to examples and figures thereof.
The invention designs an oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric (fabric for short, see figures 1-10), which comprises a warp system 1, a weft system 2 and a normal yarn system 3, wherein the yarns of the three systems are relatively independent and respectively move and weave according to respective rules, the warp system or the warp 1 is a multilayer warp structure, and the number of warp layers can be designed according to the required fabric thickness; the weft system or the weft 2 is positioned at the left or right side of the warp system 1 and is vertically introduced into a warp layer, the warp system 1 and the weft system 2 are interwoven to form a layer-by-layer angle interlocking structure, the warp system or the weft system is characterized in that the normal yarns obliquely penetrate through the thickness of the fabric along the diagonal direction of the thickness direction of the row and the column of the normal yarns, the normal yarns complete one-time interweaving cycle after four machine motion steps, the normal yarns 3 are arranged at the periphery of the outermost row and the column of the warp of the fabric, and the warp 1 and the normal yarns 3 are arranged at.
The skew introduction of the normal yarns 3 is further described below by taking a square weave with a rectangular cross-section as an example:
the arrangement form of the warp yarns 1 is designed according to the requirements of the cross-sectional external dimension of the prefabricated member, and the arrangement form of the warp yarns is defined by M layers and N rows by the number of rows and columns of the warp yarns. Normal yarns 3 are arranged at the periphery of all warp yarn layer columns, and the normal yarns 3 start at the periphery of the starting warp yarn column, and one normal yarn is arranged at the position spaced by one column of warp yarns (see fig. 3). In which the normal yarns 3 complete one interlacing cycle through four movements (see figure 4). In a first step, the normal yarns 3 move in the diagonal direction between the warp and weft yarns, as indicated by the home position 6, across the warp and weft yarn arrays to the original yarn-free position 7 at the other edge. In a second step, the normal yarn is moved diagonally to position 8 as shown at position 7. In a third step, the normal yarn continues to move from position 8 in its diagonal direction to position figure 9. The fourth step: the normal yarn continues to move diagonally from position 9 to the initial position 6. After the four steps of movement, the normal yarns complete one movement cycle, i.e. the position of the original non-normal yarn 3 is still not normal yarn 3. The normal yarns 3 continue to interweave with the warp and weft yarns according to the same machine cycle to form an integral structural preform of the bias normal reinforcement 2.5D fabric.
The invention also designs a weaving method of the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric, which is suitable for weaving the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric and comprises the following process steps:
on the basis of the existing 2.5D fabric structure and weaving technology thereof, normal yarns 3 penetrating through the thickness of the fabric are introduced between the warp yarns 1 and the weft yarns 2 along the diagonal direction (space diagonal direction) of the thickness direction according to a certain rule, so that the weaving of the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric is realized.
The weaving method comprises the following process steps:
1) and (5) initial yarn arrangement. Arranging warp yarns 1 on a multi-eye harness wire of at least 2 layers of heald frames of a three-dimensional weaving machine according to the shape and size requirements of the fabric, wherein the arrangement mode of the warp yarns 1 is determined by the section shape of a fabric framework, and the arranged initial state is M layers of N rows of warp yarns; normal yarns 3 are fixed to carriers arranged around the outermost layer and the rows of warp yarns, and warp yarns 1 and normal yarns 3 are arranged at intervals.
2) The first warp shedding motion. The lifting device controls one heald frame 4 to move up one warp position, and the other heald frame 5 to move down one warp position, and the warp 1 forms an M +1 layer shed.
3) The weft yarn is introduced for the first time. Sequentially introducing a weft yarn into the formed M +1 layers of sheds by a weft insertion device, or simultaneously introducing a weft yarn into each shed by a plurality of weft insertion devices, and horizontally moving a beating-up mechanism to a cloth fell to beat-up a weft yarn 2 into the cloth fell;
4) the first normal yarn movement. And (3) obliquely penetrating the normal yarns 3 on the yarn carrier through the thickness of the fabric along the diagonal direction of the respective row and column, and moving the normal yarns two steps each time.
5) The second warp shedding motion. The lifting device controls one heald frame 4 to move downwards by one warp yarn from the initial position, and controls the other heald frame 5 to move upwards by one warp yarn from the initial position, and the warp yarns form an M +1 layer shed.
6) The weft yarn is introduced a second time. Sequentially introducing a weft yarn into the formed M +1 layers of sheds by a weft insertion device, or simultaneously introducing a weft yarn into each shed by a plurality of weft insertion devices, and horizontally moving a beating-up mechanism to a cloth fell to beat the weft yarn 2 into the cloth fell;
7) a second normal yarn movement. The normal yarns 3 on the carrier continue to move diagonally, i.e. 90 ° from the previous direction of movement, through the thickness of the fabric, two steps per normal yarn movement.
8) And circularly weaving in this way to prepare the 2.5D fabric reinforced by the oblique crossing method.
In the process, the warp yarn system 1 and the weft yarn system 2 respectively complete one-time interweaving circulation through two-machine movement, and the normal yarn system 3 completes one-time interweaving circulation through four-step movement; and the corresponding normal yarn system 3 moves for two steps every time the warp and weft yarn systems move through the machine once, namely the whole fabric structure unit cell completes one interweaving cycle through the movement of the two warp and weft yarn machines, and weaving is carried out according to the cycle. The specific technological process is carried out according to actual circulation, and the weaving and forming of the oblique crossing normal reinforced 2.5D fabric can be realized.
The following are specific examples of the present invention. The specific embodiments described are merely illustrative of the invention and do not limit the scope of the claims herein.
Example 1
A bias normal reinforced 2.5D fabric was designed (see fig. 2). The fabric adopts an oblique crossing normal reinforced layer-by-layer angle interlocking structure and comprises 5 layers of warp yarns 1 and 6 layers of weft yarns 2;
number of weft yarns required for the normal yarns to complete one interlacing cycle: and 2, weft yarns.
1) And (5) initial yarn arrangement. The warp yarns are arranged in 5 layers, 5 layers and 5 columns are selected for illustration (see fig. 5), o represents the warp yarns in the odd columns, ● represents the warp yarns in the even columns, and r-b represents the normal yarns. Wherein the warp yarn represented by O is threaded into one heald frame 4, the warp yarn represented by ● is threaded into the other heald frame 5, and the normal yarn represented by (r) -V is threaded onto the yarn carriers arranged on the periphery.
2) The first warp shedding motion. The lifting device controls the position of one heald frame 4 to move up by one warp yarn and controls the position of the other heald frame 5 to move down by one warp yarn, and the warp yarns form 6 layers of sheds.
3) The weft yarn is introduced for the first time. In the formed 6-layer shed, a weft yarn is introduced by a weft insertion device in sequence, or a plurality of weft insertion devices simultaneously introduce a weft yarn in each shed respectively, and the beating-up mechanism translates towards the cloth fell to beat up the weft yarn 2 into the cloth fell (see figure 6 (a));
4) the first normal yarn movement. The normal yarns on the carrier are all moved from the initial position through the thickness of the fabric in the direction of the diagonal of the row, the normal yarns moving in two positions (see fig. 7 and 8). The position of the normal yarns after the first movement is completed is shown in figure 8.
5) The second warp shedding motion. The lifting device controls one heald frame 4 to move downwards by one warp yarn from the initial position, and controls the other heald frame 5 to move upwards by one warp yarn from the initial position, and the warp yarns form 6 layers of sheds.
6) The weft yarn is introduced a second time. In the formed 6 layers of sheds, a weft yarn is introduced by a weft insertion device in sequence, or a plurality of weft insertion devices simultaneously introduce a weft yarn in each shed respectively, and the beating-up mechanism translates towards the cloth fell to beat the weft yarn into the cloth fell (see figure 6 (b));
7) a second normal yarn movement. The normal yarns on the carrier continue to move through the thickness of the fabric from the position after the first step of movement in the diagonal direction of the row, and the normal yarns also move in two positions (see fig. 9 and 10). The position of the normal yarns after the second movement is completed is shown in figure 10. The normal yarns complete a movement cycle back to the initial position.
8) And circularly weaving to obtain the 2.5D fabric reinforced by the bias normal.
Nothing in this specification is said to apply to the prior art.
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| CN201310637912.5A CN103603124A (en) | 2013-11-29 | 2013-11-29 | Oblique crossing normal reinforcing 2.5D fabric and weaving method thereof |
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| CN103991227A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 天津工业大学 | Production method for constant-section composite-material section material |
| CN104233584A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-24 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | Interlayer-interweaving board fabric and weaving method thereof |
| CN104818567A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-05 | 中材科技股份有限公司 | Synchronous heterodromous three-dimensional fabric of 2.5D braided structure and preparation method thereof |
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| CN105951277A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏伯龙宇航新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method for curved-surface composite material preform |
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| CN103991227A (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2014-08-20 | 天津工业大学 | Production method for constant-section composite-material section material |
| CN104233584A (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2014-12-24 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | Interlayer-interweaving board fabric and weaving method thereof |
| CN104233584B (en) * | 2014-09-23 | 2016-03-02 | 中国纺织科学研究院 | Interlayer intertexture sheet material fabric and weaving method thereof |
| CN104818567A (en) * | 2015-04-30 | 2015-08-05 | 中材科技股份有限公司 | Synchronous heterodromous three-dimensional fabric of 2.5D braided structure and preparation method thereof |
| CN105887288A (en) * | 2016-05-12 | 2016-08-24 | 中材科技股份有限公司 | Novel fiber layer connection structure preform body |
| CN105951277B (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2018-01-09 | 江苏伯龙宇航新材料科技有限公司 | The preparation method of curved composite structures precast body |
| CN105951277A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-21 | 江苏伯龙宇航新材料科技有限公司 | Preparation method for curved-surface composite material preform |
| CN106939462A (en) * | 2017-01-19 | 2017-07-11 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of method for weaving of multi-layer and multi-directional fabric |
| CN106987978A (en) * | 2017-05-17 | 2017-07-28 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of overall rudder enhancing fabric and its weaving method |
| CN106987979A (en) * | 2017-05-26 | 2017-07-28 | 天津工业大学 | A kind of angle-interlock fabric and its method for weaving containing oblique yarn |
| CN108004651A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-05-08 | 中材科技股份有限公司 | The oblique programmable layer of yarn links structure in a kind of plane |
| CN108004651B (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2022-04-19 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Layer connection structure with designable oblique yarns in plane |
| CN110258004A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2019-09-20 | 天津工业大学 | Preparation method of a tapered high-performance fiber radome prefabricated fabric |
| CN119877174A (en) * | 2025-01-15 | 2025-04-25 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | Method for introducing normal yarns and weft yarns into three-dimensional woven fabric and three-dimensional woven fabric |
| CN119877174B (en) * | 2025-01-15 | 2026-02-13 | 南京玻璃纤维研究设计院有限公司 | A method for introducing normal and weft yarns into a three-dimensional woven fabric and the three-dimensional woven fabric. |
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Application publication date: 20140226 |