CN103668540B - PBAT (poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate)) fiber and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and relates to a PBAT fiber and a preparation method thereof. The fiber is made of the following components by weight: 100 parts of poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate), 0-1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent, 0-1.5 part of antistatic agent, 0-0.6 part of antioxidant share. Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: the PBAT fiber obtained in the present invention has good spinnability at a lower spinning temperature and a higher spinning speed, and the obtained fiber has elasticity and good mechanical properties. Performance and heat resistance, soft to the touch, can be blended with cotton and wool fibers; has good biodegradability, can be used to make medical supplies, cloth products in the food industry, and can also be used in special fields such as disposable protective clothing. The preparation method of the PBAT fiber in the present invention has no pollution, short process, high efficiency, good quality, simple method and easy industrial production.

Description

A kind of PBAT fiber and preparation method thereof

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymer materials, and relates to a PBAT fiber and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT) is a ternary copolyester polymerized from terephthalic acid, adipic acid and 1,4-butanediol. It has been researched at home and abroad in recent years. A new type of biodegradable material. PBAT contains flexible aliphatic chains and rigid aromatic bonds, so it has high toughness and high temperature resistance, and the presence of aliphatic ester bonds makes it biodegradable.

Chinese patent 200910262863.5 discloses a method for making polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) high elastic yarn. However, in this patent, the PBT material needs to be pre-crystallized before spinning, and the spinning temperature is 260-280° C., and the PBT high-elastic yarn can be obtained by heating and deforming through a false twister. Chinese patent 201110102009.X relates to a degradable fiber containing PHBV and its preparation method. In this invention, PBAT is blended with PLA and PHBV and then melt-spun, and the performance of PHBV fiber is improved by adding PBAT, which improves the current PHBV There are deficiencies in fiber preparation technology.

With the enhancement of people's awareness of environmental protection, biodegradable materials have also received extensive attention. However, since the synthesis process of PBAT adopts random copolymerization, it is not easy to crystallize, which restricts the development of PBAT fiber preparation technology and the application of PBAT as a fiber material. At present, there are not many related reports on PBAT fibers and their production methods. Most of them are blending PBAT with other polymer materials and then spinning to improve the properties of the blend fibers. PBAT fiber material has good biodegradability, softer feel than PLA and other fiber materials, good elasticity, good heat resistance, and higher temperature resistance than ordinary materials. These advantages determine its broad application prospects.

Therefore, it is of great practical significance to manufacture PBAT fibers with good properties. In the melt spinning process of the present invention, when the molecular weight of the linear polyester used for spinning is high and the distribution is relatively uniform, the performance of the obtained fiber is better, and at the same time the cooling distance is lengthened during the spinning process, thereby effectively improving Solved the problem that PBAT is not easy to cool and easy to stick in the spinning process.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a degradable polyadipate/butylene terephthalate (PBAT) fiber and a preparation method thereof. The fiber has uniform structure, stable shape, soft hand feeling and good mechanical properties. The invention adopts poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate) to prepare PBAT polyester fiber through a melt spinning method. The method is simple, feasible, pollution-free and convenient for industrialized production.

To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

A kind of PBAT fiber, is made up of the component that comprises following parts by weight:

100 copies of PBAT,

Anti-ultraviolet agent 0-1 part,

Antistatic agent 0-1.5 parts,

Antioxidant 0-0.6 part,

The fineness of the PBAT is 150-200tex.

The amount of said anti-ultraviolet agent is preferably 0.1-1 part.

The antistatic agent is optionally 0.1-1.5 parts.

The antioxidant is preferably 0.1-0.6 parts.

The anti-ultraviolet agent is selected from inorganic substances such as zinc oxide or titanium dioxide.

The antistatic agent is selected from phosphate ester type antistatic agent, anionic antistatic agent, etc., preferably alkyl phosphate ester potassium salt, sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, etc.

The antioxidant is selected from 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (antioxidant 1010), β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propionic acid Octadecanyl alcohol ester (antioxidant 1076), tris[2.4-di-tert-butylphenyl] phosphite (antioxidant 168), 2,6-di-tert-butyl p-cresol (antioxidant 264) etc. Antioxidant 1010 is preferred. The structural formula of the polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT) is:

The polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT) is a random copolymer and consists of the above two repeating units, wherein, 1≤x≤50, 1≤y≤50.

The melting point of the polybutylene adipate/terephthalate is 110-160°C, preferably 130-150°C, the melting point is far lower than its decomposition temperature, and the thermal decomposition temperature is higher than 300°C.

The number average molecular weight (Mn) of the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate particles is 26,000-80,000, preferably 50,000-70,000, and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is 5-120,000, preferably 80,000 -100,000, the molecular weight dispersion is 1.6-3, preferably 1.8-2.5.

A kind of preparation method of above-mentioned polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT) fiber, comprises the steps:

(1) Vacuum-dry the PBAT particles;

(2) Blending 100 parts by weight of PBAT particles, 0-1 parts of anti-ultraviolet agent, 0-1.5 parts of antistatic agent, and 0-0.6 parts of antioxidant after drying in step (1), passing Spinning machine for melt spinning, after the spinneret is extruded, cooled over a longer distance, oiled, pre-drawn, and wound to obtain PBAT primary fibers with uniform structure and controllable fineness;

(3) Pass the PBAT as-spun fibers obtained in the above step (2) through two hot rollers in sequence, and then perform drawing processing to obtain PBAT fibers.

In the step (1), the PBAT particles are dried in a vacuum drying oven for 24-48 hours at a drying temperature of 70-100° C., and the moisture content in the dried PBAT particles is less than 100 ppm.

In the step (2), the spinning machine is a twin-screw spinning machine.

In the step (2), the function of oiling is to reduce the coefficient of friction, so that the fibers have good bundling and smoothness. The oil used in the present invention may be mineral oil, polyether polyol or silicone oil.

In the step (2), during the extended distance cooling process, the cooling distance is 3-5m.

During the spinning process in the step (2), the spinning temperature in each zone is 240-270° C., and the spinning speed is 500-1200 m/min.

In the step (2), the thin strips of melt extruded from the spinneret are cooled over a longer distance and then oiled and wound to obtain poly(adipic acid/butylene terephthalate) fibers. The spinneret The aperture is 0.12-0.8 mm, preferably 0.2-0.5 mm.

In the step (3), the drawing process parameters are: the temperature of the first hot roller is 40-70°C, the temperature of the second hot roller is 90-120°C, the draft ratio is 1.5-5, preferably 1.5-3.5, and the processing Coiling speed 500-1000m/min.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages:

The PBAT fiber obtained in the present invention has good spinnability at lower spinning temperature and higher spinning speed, and the obtained fiber has elasticity, good mechanical properties and heat resistance, soft hand feeling, and can be mixed with cotton, Wool fiber blended; has good biodegradability, can be used to make medical supplies, cloth products in the food industry, and can also be used to make special fields such as disposable protective clothing. The preparation method of PBAT fiber in the present invention has no pollution, short process, high efficiency, good quality, simple method, and easy industrial production; by lengthening the cooling distance, the problem of thread sticking in the spinning process can be effectively improved, and PBAT with good performance can be obtained fiber.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of implementing spinning machine of the present invention

Notes on drawings:

1 Hopper, 2 Screws,

3 tanks, 4 metering pumps,

5 spinneret, 6 extended distance cooling,

7 Cluster oiler, 8 Winding rollers.

detailed description

Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, further illustrate the present invention. It should be understood that these examples are only used to illustrate the present invention, not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. Improvements and adjustments made by skilled personnel according to the present invention in practical applications still belong to the protection scope of the present invention.

The production process of the present invention is basically the same as that of ordinary elastic polyether ester, and the equipment for producing polyether ester can be used to produce PBAT fiber as long as it is slightly modified.

The structural formula of polybutylene adipate/terephthalate (PBAT) in the following examples is:

Among them, 1≤x≤50, 1≤y≤50, the melting point is 110-160°C, the thermal decomposition temperature is higher than 300°C; the number average molecular weight (Mn) is 26,000-80,000.

Example 1

PBAT polyester with a melting point of 150-160°C and a number average molecular weight of 70,000-80,000 is used for melt spinning.

(1) Dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules in vacuum at 70°C for 48 hours;

(2) Add 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 270°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 260/270/270/270°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 270°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 270°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 270°C °C, the spinning speed is 1200m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.5mm, the cooling distance is 3m, and the oil agent is polyether glycol.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 3.5, the temperature of the first hot roller is 70°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 120°C. Get speed and be 1000m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: the strength of PBAT fiber after draft is 2.9cN/dtex, fineness is 152tex, and elongation is 31%, and feel is soft, slightly coarse, After standing for a period of time, it still feels soft.

Example 2

PBAT polyester with a melting point of 140-150 DEG C and a number-average molecular weight of 4-5 is used for melt spinning.

(1) After vacuum-drying the above-mentioned PBAT particles at 80°C for 40 hours;

(2) Add 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 265°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 255/265/265/265°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 265°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 265°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 265°C. °C, the spinning speed is 1000m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.2mm, the cooling distance is 4m, and the oil is silicone oil.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 1.9, the temperature of the first hot roll is 60°C, and the temperature of the second hot roll is 110°C. Take speed to be 500m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: after drafting, the strength of PBAT fiber is 2.7cN/dtex, and fineness is 163tex, and elongation is 48%, and feel is smooth and soft, and it is placed for a period of time. After time, it still feels soft.

Example 3

PBAT polyester with a melting point of 130-140°C and a number average molecular weight of 50,000-60,000 is used for melt spinning.

(1) Vacuum-dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules at 90°C for 36 hours;

(2) Add 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 260°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 250/260/260/260°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 260°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 260°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 260°C °C, the spinning speed is 800m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.8mm, the cooling distance is 4.5m, and the oil is silicone oil.

(3) Perform drafting processing on the PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2); the PBAT primary fiber has a draft ratio of 2.5, a first hot roll temperature of 50°C, and a second hot roll temperature of 100°C. Take speed to be 800m/min and carry out drawing processing, obtain drafting silk, its performance index is as follows: after drafting, the strength of PBAT fiber is 3.5cN/dtex, fineness is 145tex, and elongation is 27%, and feel is smooth and soft, put a section After time, it still feels soft.

Example 4

Melt spinning is performed by using PBAT polyester with a melting point of 140-150°C and a number average molecular weight of 60,000-70,000.

(1) Dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules in vacuum at 100°C for 24 hours;

(2) Add 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 250°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 240/250/250/250°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 250°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 250°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 250°C °C, the spinning speed is 800m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.32mm, the cooling distance is 5m, and the oil agent is polyether glycol.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 1.5, the temperature of the first hot roller is 40°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 90°C. Take speed to be 900m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: after drafting, the intensity of PBAT fiber is 3.1cN/dtex, fineness is 158tex, and elongation is 43%, and feel is smooth and soft, put a section After time, it still feels soft.

Example 5

Melt spinning is performed by using PBAT polyester with a melting point of 150-160°C and a number average molecular weight of 40,000-50,000.

(1) Vacuum-dry the above-mentioned PBAT particles at 90°C for 30 hours;

(2) Add 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 240°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 230/240/240/240°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 240°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 240°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 240°C °C, the spinning speed is 500m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.35mm, the cooling distance is 3.5m, and the oil agent is mineral oil.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 3, the temperature of the first hot roller is 60°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 120°C. Get speed and be 700m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: the intensity of the PBAT fiber after draft is 2.5cN/dtex, fineness is 172tex, elongation is 50%, soft to the touch, slightly rough, After standing for a period of time, it still feels soft.

Example 6

PBAT polyester with a melting point of 140-150°C and a number average molecular weight of 50,000-60,000 is used for melt spinning.

(1) Vacuum-dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules at 90°C for 36 hours;

(2) After blending 100 parts of PBAT after drying in step (1), 1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent titanium dioxide, and 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1010, add it to the spinning machine from hopper 1 for melt spinning. The mixed material is melted sequentially through the screw 1, the tank 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enters the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and is extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 260°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 250/260/260/260°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 260°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 260°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 260°C °C, the spinning speed is 700m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.35mm, the cooling distance is 4m, and the oil is silicone oil.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 1.9, the temperature of the first hot roller is 40°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 100°C. Take speed to be 700m/min and carry out drawing processing, obtain drafting silk, its performance index is as follows: after drafting, the strength of PBAT fiber is 2.6cN/dtex, and fineness is 167tex, and elongation is 33%, and feel is smooth and soft, and it is placed for a period of time. After time, it still feels soft.

Example 7

Melt spinning is performed by using PBAT polyester with a melting point of 130-140°C and a number average molecular weight of 40,000-50,000.

(1) Vacuum-dry the above-mentioned PBAT particles at 80°C for 40 hours;

(2) After blending 100 parts of PBAT after drying in step (1), 1.5 parts of antistatic agent alkyl phosphate potassium salt, 0.1 part of antioxidant 1010, and 0.1 part of antioxidant 168, add it from hopper 1 to the spinning machine for melt spinning. The mixed material is melted sequentially through the screw 1, the tank 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enters the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and is extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 255°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 245/255/255/255°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 255°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 255°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 255°C. °C, the spinning speed is 900m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.35mm, the cooling distance is 3m, and the oil is silicone oil.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 2.3, the temperature of the first hot roll is 70°C, and the temperature of the second hot roll is 90°C. Take speed to be 800m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: after drafting, the strength of PBAT fiber is 3.1cN/dtex, fineness is 159tex, and elongation is 25%, and feel is smooth and soft, put a section After time, it still feels soft.

Example 8

Melt spinning is performed by using PBAT polyester with a melting point of 150-160°C and a number average molecular weight of 60,000-70,000.

(1) Dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules in vacuum at 80°C for 48 hours;

(2) After blending 100 parts of PBAT after drying in step (1), 0.1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent titanium dioxide, and 0.6 part of antioxidant 1076, add it to the spinning machine from hopper 1 for melt spinning. The mixed material is melted sequentially through the screw 1, the tank 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enters the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and is extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 260°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 250/260/260/260°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 260°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 260°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 260°C °C, the spinning speed is 800m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.32mm, the cooling distance is 4m, and the oil agent is polyether glycol.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 2, the temperature of the first hot roller is 60°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 100°C. Take speed to be 800m/min and carry out drawing processing, obtain drawing yarn, and its performance index is as follows: after drawing, the strength of PBAT fiber is 2.9cN/dtex, and fineness is 158tex, and elongation is 40%, and feel is smooth and soft, and it is placed for a period of time. After time, it still feels soft.

Example 9

Melt spinning is performed by using PBAT polyester with a melting point of 150-160°C and a number average molecular weight of 40,000-50,000.

(1) Vacuum-dry the above-mentioned PBAT granules at 90°C for 36 hours;

(2) After mixing 100 parts of PBAT particles dried in step (1) with 0.2 parts of anti-ultraviolet agent zinc oxide, 0.2 parts of antioxidant 1076, and 0.1 parts of anionic antistatic agent sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate , added to the spinning machine from the hopper 1 for melt spinning. The PBAT particles are melted sequentially through the screw 1, the box body 2, and the metering pump 3, and then enter the spinning assembly through the melt pipeline, and are extruded and cooled by the spinneret 5, the cooling zone 6, the cluster oiling device 7, and the winding roll 8. , oiling, interlacing, pre-drawing, and winding to obtain PBAT as-spun fibers. Among them, the spinning temperature is 250°C, the temperature of zone I/II/III/IV is 240/250/250/250°C respectively, the temperature of the box is 250°C, the temperature of the pipeline is 250°C, and the temperature of the metering pump is 250°C °C, the spinning speed is 900m/min, the hole diameter of the spinneret is 0.35mm, the cooling distance is 4.5m, and the oil is mineral oil.

(3) The PBAT primary fiber obtained in the above step (2) is subjected to drafting processing; the PBAT primary fiber is drawn at a ratio of 2.7, the temperature of the first hot roller is 60°C, and the temperature of the second hot roller is 120°C. Get speed and be 800m/min and carry out draft processing, obtain draft yarn, its performance index is as follows: the strength of PBAT fiber after draft is 2.8cN/dtex, fineness is 187tex, and elongation is 42%, and feel is soft, slightly rough, After standing for a period of time, it still feels soft.

From the results of the above examples, it can be seen that the PBAT fiber obtained in the present invention has a strength ≥ 2.3 cN/dtex, a fineness of 150-200 dtex, and an elongation of 20-50%. When the cooling distance is lengthened, the number average molecular weight is 50,000-70,000, and the molecular weight dispersion is 1.8-2.5, the obtained fiber effect is better, its strength reaches more than 3cN/dtex, and it feels soft.

The above description of the embodiments is for those of ordinary skill in the art to understand and apply the present invention. It is obvious that those skilled in the art can easily make various modifications to these embodiments, and apply the general principles described here to other embodiments without creative efforts. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments herein. Improvements and modifications made by those skilled in the art according to the disclosure of the present invention without departing from the scope of the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (18)

1. a polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber, is characterized in that: be made by the component of following weight part: The structural formula of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles is: Among them, 1≤x≤50, 1≤y≤50; The molecular weight dispersion of the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles is 1.6-3; The antistatic agent is alkyl phosphate potassium salt or sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate; The preparation method of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber, it may further comprise the steps: (1) polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles are vacuum-dried; (2) The weight portion after drying in step (1) is 100 parts of polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles, 0.1-1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent, 0.1-1.5 part of antistatic agent, After blending 0.1-0.6 parts of antioxidant, it is melt-spun through a spinning machine, extruded from a spinneret, cooled over a longer distance, oiled, pre-drawn, and wound to obtain uniform structure and fineness. controlled polybutylene adipate/terephthalate spun fiber; (3) after the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate primary fiber obtained in the above-mentioned step (2) passes through two hot rollers successively, carry out drawing processing, obtain polyadipic acid/terephthalate butylene glycol; In the step (2), during the extended distance cooling process, the cooling distance is 3-5m. 2. polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the fineness of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particle is 150-200tex . 3. The poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate) fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the anti-ultraviolet agent is selected from zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. 4. polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described antioxidant is selected from 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, β-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) n-octadecyl propionate, tris[2,4-di-tert-butylphenyl] phosphite or 2,6-di-tert Butyl p-cresol. 5. The polybutylene adipate/terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting point of the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles is 110-160 ℃, thermal decomposition temperature higher than 300 ℃. 6. The polybutylene adipate/terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, characterized in that: the melting point of the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles is 130-150 ℃. 7. polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the number average molecular weight of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particle is 2.6 -80000. 8. polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that the number average molecular weight of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particle is 5- 70,000. 9. polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the molecular weight dispersion of described polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particle is 1.8 -2.5. 10. a preparation method according to any one of claim 1-9 polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber, is characterized in that: comprise the steps: (1) polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles are vacuum-dried; (2) The weight portion after drying in step (1) is 100 parts of polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particles, 0.1-1 part of anti-ultraviolet agent, 0.1-1.5 part of antistatic agent, After blending 0.1-0.6 parts of antioxidant, it is melt-spun through a spinning machine, extruded from a spinneret, cooled over a longer distance, oiled, pre-drawn, and wound to obtain uniform structure and fineness. controlled polybutylene adipate/terephthalate spun fiber; (3) after the polyadipate/butylene terephthalate primary fiber obtained in the above-mentioned step (2) passes through two hot rollers successively, carry out drawing processing, obtain polyadipic acid/terephthalate butylene glycol; In the step (2), during the extended distance cooling process, the cooling distance is 3-5m. 11. preparation method according to claim 10 is characterized in that: in described step (1), polyadipate/butylene terephthalate fiber particle is dried 24-48 hour in vacuum oven, The drying temperature is 70-100° C., and the moisture content in the dried poly(butylene adipate/terephthalate) fiber particles is less than 100 ppm. 12. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the step (2), the spinning machine is a twin-screw spinning machine. 13. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the step (2), the oil agent used in the oiling process is mineral oil, polyether polyol or silicone oil. 14. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the spinning process of the step (2), the spinning temperature in each zone is 240-270° C., and the spinning speed is 500-1200 m/min. 15. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the described step (2), the thin strips of melt extruded from the spinneret are oiled and coiled after extended distance cooling to obtain polyadipic acid / Butylene terephthalate fiber, the aperture of the spinneret is 0.12-0.8mm. 16. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: the aperture of the spinneret is 0.2-0.5mm. 17. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the step (3), the drawing process parameters are: the temperature of the first hot roller is 40-70°C, the temperature of the second hot roller is 90-120°C ℃, the draft ratio is 1.5-5, and the processing coiling speed is 500-1000m/min. 18. The preparation method according to claim 10, characterized in that: in the step (3), the draft ratio is 1.5-3.5.