CN103852257B - A kind of shafting test bed frame adopting self-aligning bearing - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a shafting test bench adopting self-aligning bearings, which belongs to the ship shafting test bench and solves the problems of difficult loading and unloading of the stern bearing of the existing ship shafting test bench and inconvenient operation. The invention includes a motor, a gearbox, an intermediate bearing, a stern bearing and a frequency converter. The stern bearing is composed of a shaft sleeve, a bearing bush and a plurality of key strips. The shaft sleeve is composed of an upper half shaft sleeve and a lower half shaft sleeve with the same shape. There are axially upward through grooves on the semi-arc surface of the upper and lower half bushings; the bearing bush is composed of an integral cylinder and a flange. It is used to accommodate the key bar; the key bar includes a rigid key bar and an elastic key bar, which are respectively used to simulate a rigid support condition and an elastic support condition. The invention has the advantages of simple structure, convenient loading and unloading, can realize the conversion of the self-aligning stern bearing and the ordinary rigid bearing simply and quickly, and realizes the comparative test and research of the static and dynamic characteristics of the shafting under two different support conditions.

Description

A Shafting Test Bench Using Self-aligning Bearings

technical field

The invention belongs to a ship shafting test stand, in particular to a shafting test stand using self-aligning bearings.

Background technique

The ship shafting test bench is an important laboratory device for studying the static and dynamic characteristics of the shafting system. It usually consists of frequency converters, motors, gearboxes, couplings, intermediate bearings, stern bearings and frequency converters. The shaft end of the experimental shaft system is connected with the coupling, the shaft section of the experimental shaft system passes through and is supported by the intermediate bearing and the stern bearing, and the shaft section after the experimental shaft system passes through the stern bearing is suspended; according to the experimental requirements and actual conditions Different, its design parameters are different. When the motor does not input energy, the static performance parameters of the shaft system can be obtained through corresponding experimental methods and sensors and other measurement methods; when the motor inputs energy to realize the linkage of the shaft system, the dynamic performance parameters of the shaft system can be obtained through measurement methods such as sensors , so as to realize the experimental research on the static and dynamic characteristics of the shafting in a certain speed range and under a certain working condition.

There is a type of ship shafting test bench, which uses self-aligning bearings at the stern bearing, and uses self-aligning bearings to compensate for displacement and angle, thereby improving the performance of the entire shafting system.

As shown in Figure 1, the traditional self-aligning ball bearing is composed of a shaft sleeve 41, a bearing bush 42 and a cage 44 embedded with steel balls. The center point of the spherical raceway of the bushing is consistent with the center point of the bearing, and the bearing bush has double Column raceway. When rotating, steel balls, cages and bearing bushes can freely tilt to a certain extent with respect to the shaft sleeve mandrel, that is, it has the function of self-aligning, so it can automatically adjust the shaft center deviation caused by improper processing and installation of the shaft and bearing box , can give certain angle compensation and small displacement compensation. However, this self-aligning ball bearing has limited axial load capacity and is not suitable for occasions with large axial loads; at the same time, its watertightness is not good, and for occasions with relatively high watertightness requirements, such as the stern bearing of the ship shafting, Usually less applicable.

On this basis, a new type of self-aligning bearing appeared. Its structure is shown in Figure 2. In this new type of self-aligning bearing, a rubber layer 45 is set between the bushing 41 and the bearing bush 42 to replace the original one with steel balls embedded in it. For the cage, due to the small rigidity of the rubber layer, when the mandrel is shifted due to improper processing or installation or under load, the rubber layer can give a certain angle compensation. In addition, due to the relatively large frictional resistance between the rubber and the bearing bush, it can bear a certain axial load and provide certain displacement compensation. At the same time, the rubber layer has better water tightness and is suitable for occasions with higher water tightness requirements.

However, whether it is a traditional self-aligning ball bearing or a new type of self-aligning bearing, after being applied to the shafting test bench, it has the disadvantages of difficulty in loading and unloading and inconvenient operation, especially when comparative experiments are required in the experiment. This defect becomes more obvious.

Contents of the invention

The invention provides a shafting test bench adopting self-aligning bearings, which solves the problems of difficult loading and unloading of the stern bearing of the existing ship shafting test bench and inconvenient operation.

A shafting test bench using self-aligning bearings provided by the present invention includes a motor, a gear box, an intermediate bearing, a stern bearing and a frequency converter, and the motor, a gear box, an intermediate bearing and a stern bearing pass through the base and the stern bearing in turn. Bolts are fixed on the foundation, the power supply supplies power to the motor through the frequency converter, the motor shaft is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox through the first coupling, and the output shaft of the gearbox is connected to the second coupling. During the experiment, the shaft system to be tested The shaft end of the shaft is connected to the second coupling, the shaft section of the shaft system to be tested passes through and is supported by the intermediate bearing and the stern bearing, and the shaft section after the shaft system to be tested passes through the stern bearing is suspended; it is characterized in that:

The stern bearing is composed of a shaft sleeve, a bearing bush and a plurality of key bars. The shaft sleeve is composed of an upper half shaft sleeve and a lower half shaft sleeve with the same shape. The inner walls of the upper half shaft sleeve and the lower half shaft sleeve are respectively It is a semi-circular surface, with N axially upward through grooves on the semicircular surface of the upper half bushing, and M axial downward through grooves on the semicircular surface of the lower half bushing, N≥M>1;

The bearing bush is composed of an integral cylinder and a flange, the cylinder is cylindrical, and the flange is located at the left end of the cylinder; the inner wall of the cylinder has three annular cavities: the left ring cavity The ring cavity at the right end and the right end are respectively used to embed the oil seal felt ring, and the middle ring cavity is used to accommodate lubricating oil; the cylinder wall of the cylinder has a lubricating oil hole connecting the end face of the flange plate and the middle ring cavity; There are N+M axial key grooves on the outer wall of the cylinder, whose positions correspond to the positions of the N axial upward through grooves and the M axial downward through grooves, and are used to accommodate the key strips; the outer diameter of the cylinder It is smaller than the arc radius of the semi-arc surface of the upper half bushing and the lower half bushing, so that the bearing bush and the bushing can fit in clearance;

The key bars include N+M rigid key bars and N+M elastic key bars, which are used to simulate rigid support conditions and elastic support conditions respectively;

When assembling, after N+M rigid key strips or N+M elastic key strips are placed in the axial keyway, the cylinder of the bearing bush is placed on the semi-arc surface of the lower half bushing, and the upper half bushing and the lower half bushing are placed The half shaft sleeve is connected with the base through bolts to form an integral shaft sleeve. The two semi-arc surfaces form a circular through hole. The cylinder is located in the circular through hole. The upper and lower sides of N rigid or elastic key bars The surface is in close contact with the axially upward through groove and the bottom surface of the axial keyway of the N pieces respectively, and the upper and lower surfaces of the M rigid keybars or elastic keyway are respectively in contact with the axially downward through groove and the bottom surface of the axial keyway of the M pieces. Close contact.

The cross-sections of the axially upward channel, the axially downward channel and the axial keyway may be isosceles trapezoidal;

The cross-sections of the rigid key bar and the elastic key bar are the same, and are both the isosceles trapezoidal cross-section after the combination of the axially upward through groove and the axial keyway and the combination of the axial down through groove and the axial keyway. isosceles trapezoidal cross-section to match.

The end face of the upper half bushing may have an upper screw hole or the end face of the lower half bushing may have a lower screw hole; the flange of the bearing bush has a through hole, and when the bearing bush is installed in the bushing, the through hole The position corresponds to the position of the upper screw hole or the lower screw hole, and the bolts connected through the through hole and the upper screw hole, or the bolts connected through the through hole and the lower screw hole are used to limit the axial movement of the bearing bush relative to the sleeve. move.

The rigid key bar can be made of steel, and the elastic key bar can be made of rubber material.

The present invention aims at the defects of difficult loading and unloading and inconvenient operation of the stern bearing of the existing shafting test bench, and improves the stern bearing, which is different from ordinary bearing supports. It is composed of the upper half bushing and the lower half bushing with the same shape. There are axial key grooves on the upper and lower half bushings and the bearing bush. The bearing bush and the bushing are connected by key bars. The number of key bars can be adjusted. According to the rigidity requirements of the support and the limitation of machining accuracy, there is a certain gap between the bearing bush and the bushing at positions other than the key bar connection (the size of the gap can be determined according to actual needs, such as 3mm). The inner wall of the bearing bush has three ring-shaped concave cavities, which are respectively used to insert the oil seal felt ring and accommodate lubricating oil, so as to ensure the lubrication and sealing of the bearing. Between the flange plate at the end of the bearing bush and the upper and lower half bushes, bolts are designed to limit the axial movement of the bearing bush. Through this design, the normal operation of the bearing is guaranteed.

The key bar of the present invention is divided into two types: a rigid key bar and an elastic key bar, which are respectively used to simulate a rigid support working condition and an elastic supporting working condition, and is easy to assemble and disassemble, and is convenient to operate. When the bearing bush and the bushing are connected by rigid key strips, it can be regarded as a rigid support condition, and the shafting experiment is carried out under this working condition; when the bearing bush and the bushing are connected by elastic key strips, it can be regarded as an elastic support condition. Supporting conditions, since there is a certain gap between the bearing bush and the bushing, and the elastic effect of the elastic key bar, the stern bearing has the function of self-aligning, so that under this working condition, the stern bearing can be regarded as a self-aligning stern Bearing support, the shafting experiment under this working condition can carry out corresponding research on the static and dynamic characteristics of the shafting under the self-aligning stern bearing support; at the same time, a comparative experiment is carried out with the static and dynamic characteristics of the shafting under the rigid support condition, so that Realize the performance research of self-aligning bearings on the test bench.

The invention is simple in structure, easy to assemble and disassemble, overcomes the problems of difficult installation and disassembly of the stern bearing of the existing shafting test bench, and inconvenient operation, and can simply and quickly realize the conversion between the self-aligning stern bearing and the ordinary rigid bearing, and realize the shafting in the rigid stern The comparative experimental research on the static and dynamic characteristics of the bearing support and the self-aligning stern bearing elastic support under two different working conditions has good experimental results.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a traditional self-aligning ball bearing;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the new self-aligning bearing;

Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the stern bearing of the present invention;

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the bearing pad structure of the present invention.

detailed description

The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

As shown in Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention comprises motor 10, gear case 20, intermediate bearing 30, stern bearing 40 and frequency converter 60, and motor 10, gear case 20, intermediate bearing 30 and stern bearing 40 respectively pass through base The seat 50 and bolts are fixed on the foundation, the power supply supplies power to the motor 10 through the frequency converter 60, the motor shaft is connected to the input shaft of the gearbox 20 through the first coupling 70, and the output shaft of the gearbox 20 is connected to the second coupling 80 connection, during the experiment, the shaft end of the shaft system to be tested is connected to the second coupling 80, the shaft section of the shaft system to be tested passes through and is supported by the intermediate bearing 30 and the stern bearing 40, and the shaft system to be tested passes through the stern bearing The shaft section after 40 is suspended;

As shown in Figure 4, the stern bearing 40 is composed of a shaft sleeve 41, a bearing bush 42 and a plurality of key strips 43, and the shaft sleeve 41 is composed of an upper half shaft sleeve 41-1 and a lower half shaft sleeve 41-2 of the same shape. Composition, the inner wall of the upper half shaft sleeve 41-1 and the inner wall of the lower half shaft sleeve 41-2 are respectively semi-arc surfaces. In this embodiment, the semi-arc surface of the upper half shaft sleeve 41-1 has three Axially upward through groove 41-1A, the radial direction is 45°, 90°, 135° respectively with the horizontal plane; there are two axially downward through grooves 41-2A on the semi-arc surface of the lower half shaft sleeve 41-2, the diameter 60° and 120° to the horizontal plane respectively.

As shown in Figure 5, the bearing bush 42 is composed of an integral cylinder 42-1 and a flange 42-2, the cylinder 42-1 is cylindrical, and the flange 42-2 is located on the cylinder 42-1 left end; the inner wall of the cylinder 42-1 has three annular cavities: the left circular cavity 42-1A and the right circular cavity 42-1C are respectively used for embedding the oil seal felt ring, and the middle circular cavity 42- 1B is used to accommodate lubricating oil; the cylinder wall of the cylinder 42-1 has a lubricating oil hole 42-1D connecting the end face of the flange 42-2 and the intermediate annular cavity 42-1B; the cylinder 42 -1 The outer wall is provided with 5 axial key grooves 42-1E, whose positions correspond to the positions of the 3 axial upward through grooves 41-1A and the 2 axial downward through grooves 41-2A, for accommodating the key bars 43; The outer diameter of the cylinder 42-1 is smaller than the arc radius of the semi-arc surfaces of the upper half-shaft sleeve 41-1 and the lower half-shaft sleeve 41-2, so that the bearing bush 42 and the shaft sleeve 41 can fit in a clearance;

The key bars 43 include 5 rigid key bars and 5 elastic key bars, which are used to simulate rigid support conditions and elastic support conditions respectively;

When assembling, after 5 rigid key strips or 5 elastic key strips are placed in the axial keyway 42-1E, the cylinder body 42-1 of the bearing bush 42 is placed on the semicircular surface of the lower half bushing 41-2, and the The upper half-shaft sleeve 41-1 and the lower half-shaft sleeve 41-2 are connected to the base by bolts to form an integral shaft sleeve. The two semi-arc surfaces form a circular through hole, and the cylinder 42-1 is located in the circular through hole. Inside, the upper and lower surfaces of the three rigid key bars or elastic key bars are in close contact with the bottom surfaces of the three axially upward through grooves 41-1A and axial key grooves 42-1E respectively, and the two rigid key bars or elastic key bars The upper and lower surfaces of the shaft are in close contact with the bottom surfaces of the two axial downward through grooves 41-2A and the axial key groove 42-1E respectively.

In this embodiment, the cross-sections of the axially upward through groove 41-1A, the axially downward through groove 41-2A and the axial keyway 42-1E are isosceles trapezoidal;

The cross-sections of the rigid key bar and the elastic key bar are the same, and both are isosceles trapezoidal cross-sections combined with the axial upward channel 41-1A and the axial key channel 42-1E and the axial downward channel 41 -2A and axial keyway 42-1E are combined to match the isosceles trapezoidal cross-section.

In this embodiment, the end surface of the upper half bushing 41-1 has an upper screw hole 41-1B; the flange 42-2 of the bearing bush 42 has a through hole 42-2A, when the bushing is installed into the bushing , the position of the through hole 42-2A corresponds to the position of the upper screw hole 41-1B, and the bolts connected through the through hole 42-2A and the upper screw hole 41-1B are used to limit the axial direction of the bearing bush 42 relative to the sleeve 41. move.

In this embodiment, the rigid key bar is made of steel, and the elastic key bar is made of rubber material. A V-shaped rubber belt of a certain standard model is selected and cut in sections as the elastic key bar; the rigid key bar and the elastic key bar The length matches the axial keyway 42-1E.

In this embodiment, the motor 10 is a motor with a nominal power of 3KW and a synchronous speed of 0 to 1500 rpm; the gear box 20 is a cylindrical gear reducer with a reduction ratio of 1:3.15; the intermediate bearing 30 is a marine rolling intermediate bearing; The inverter 60 is selected to match the motor, and the rated power is 3KW; the material of the base 50 is Q235A; the first coupling 70 and the second coupling 80 are elastic couplings; the overall size of the test bench: length × width × height = 2779mm × 430mm × 600mm, total weight 416.3Kg.

During the shafting experiment, sensors can be arranged on the shafting to obtain data according to the actual experimental needs. At the stern bearing, according to the experimental requirements, choose a rigid key bar connection or an elastic key bar connection. When replacing the key bar, the shaft can be supported first, and then the bearing bush can be withdrawn to the left to complete the key bar replacement. It is simple, convenient, and easy to operate.

Claims (4)

1. A shafting test bench using self-aligning bearings, including a motor (10), a gear box (20), an intermediate bearing (30), a stern bearing (40) and a frequency converter (60), and a motor (10) , the gear box (20), the intermediate bearing (30) and the stern bearing (40) are respectively fixed on the foundation through the base (50) and bolts in turn, the power supply supplies power to the motor (10) through the frequency converter (60), and the motor shaft passes through The first shaft coupling (70) is connected with the input shaft of the gearbox (20), and the output shaft of the gearbox (20) is connected with the second shaft coupling (80). Describe the second shaft coupling (80), the shaft section of the shaft system to be tested passes through and is supported by the intermediate bearing (30) and the stern bearing (40), and the shaft section after the shaft system to be tested passes through the stern bearing (40) is suspended ; characterized by: The stern bearing (40) is composed of a shaft sleeve (41), a bearing bush (42) and a plurality of key strips (43), and the shaft sleeve (41) is composed of an upper half shaft sleeve (41-1) and a lower The half shaft sleeve (41-2) is formed, and the inner wall of the upper half shaft sleeve (41-1) and the inner wall of the lower half shaft sleeve (41-2) are respectively semicircular arc surfaces, and the upper half shaft sleeve (41-1) There are N axially upward through grooves (41-1A) on the semicircular arc surface of the lower half bushing (41-2), and there are M axially downward through grooves (41-2A) on the semicircular arc surface of the lower half bushing (41-2). ≥M>1; The bearing bush (42) is composed of an integral cylinder (42-1) and a flange (42-2), the cylinder (42-1) is cylindrical, and the flange (42-2 ) is located at the left end of the cylinder (42-1); the inner wall of the cylinder (42-1) has three annular cavities: the left annular cavity (42-1A) and the right annular cavity (42-1C) respectively For embedding the oil seal felt ring, the middle annular cavity (42-1B) is used to accommodate lubricating oil; the cylinder wall of the cylinder (42-1) is opened with the end face of the connecting flange (42-2) and the middle annular cavity The lubricating oil hole (42-1D) of the concave cavity (42-1B); the outer wall of the cylinder (42-1) is provided with N+M axial key grooves (42-1E), and its position and the N axial key grooves are upward The slots (41-1A) and the M shafts correspond to the slots (41-2A) below, and are used to accommodate the key bar (43); the outer diameter of the cylinder (42-1) is smaller than the upper half shaft The arc radius of the semicircular surface of the sleeve (41-1) and the lower half shaft sleeve (41-2), so that the bearing bush (42) and the shaft sleeve (41) clearance fit; The key bars (43) include N+M rigid key bars and N+M elastic key bars, which are used to simulate rigid support conditions and elastic support conditions respectively; When assembling, after N+M rigid key strips or N+M elastic key strips are placed in the axial keyway (42-1E), the cylinder (42-1) of the bearing bush (42) is placed in the lower half bushing ( 41-2) on the semi-arc surface, the upper half-shaft sleeve (41-1) and the lower half-shaft sleeve (41-2) are connected to the base through bolts to form an integral shaft sleeve, and the two semi-arc surfaces A circular through hole is formed, the cylinder body (42-1) is located in the circular through hole, and the upper and lower surfaces of the N rigid key bars or elastic key bars are respectively connected with the N axially upward through grooves (41-1A) and the bottom surface of the axial keyway (42-1E), the upper and lower surfaces of the M rigid key bars or elastic key bars are respectively in contact with the axial downward through groove (41-2A) and the axial key groove (42- 1E) The bottom surface is in close contact. 2. The shafting test bench according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cross-sections of the axially upward through groove (41-1A), the axially downward through groove (41-2A) and the axial keyway (42-1E) are isosceles trapezoidal; The cross-sections of the rigid key bar and the elastic key bar are the same, and both are combined with the isosceles trapezoidal cross-section of the axial upward through groove (41-1A) and the axial key groove (42-1E) and the axial The combined isosceles trapezoidal cross section of the lower through groove (41-2A) and the axial keyway (42-1E) matches. 3. The shafting test bench according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The end face of the upper half bushing (41-1) has an upper screw hole or the end face of the lower half bushing (41-2) has a lower screw hole; the flange (42-2) of the bearing bush (42) It has a through hole (42-2A). When the bearing bush is installed in the sleeve, the position of the through hole (42-2A) corresponds to the position of the upper screw hole or the lower screw hole, and the through hole (42-2A) is adopted. The bolts connected with the upper screw holes, or the bolts passing through the through hole (42-2A) and the lower screw holes, limit the axial movement of the bearing bush (42) relative to the axle sleeve (41). 4. The shafting test bench according to claim 3, characterized in that: The rigid key bar is made of steel, and the elastic key bar is made of rubber material.