CN104562250B - A kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber and its preparation method and application - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to the field of spinning materials. It aims to solve the problems of poor dyeability, poor quality, poor hand feel, complex process, long process and In order to solve the problem of high cost, the present invention provides a porous micro-denier nylon 6 triisofiber and a preparation method thereof. The breaking strength of the fiber is 3.8-4.8 cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 20-40%, and the boiling water shrinkage rate The crimp shrinkage rate is 25 to 40%; the crimp shrinkage rate is 8 to 20%. The fiber of the present invention has low cost, high output, good product quality, high added value, and easy control of the production process technology.

Description

A kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber and its preparation method and application

technical field

The invention relates to the field of spinning materials, in particular to a production method of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-differential fibers.

Background technique

At present, the thickness of textile fibers can be characterized by single-filament fineness. Usually, chemical fibers with a single-filament fineness of about 1.1 dtex are called fine denier fibers, while chemical fibers with a single-filament fineness of about 0.55 dtex are called ultra-fine denier fibers. Fibers with a single filament fineness below 0.33dtex are called fine denier fibers. Nylon fiber fabric has the characteristics of sweat absorption, light weight, good toughness, good resilience, acid and alkali resistance, etc. It is one of the most suitable artificial fabrics for human wear. The application in clothing is also one of the main uses of nylon fiber. The monofilament fineness of nylon 6 fiber obtained by direct melt spinning method can reach 0.80dtex. The products woven with such fineness fibers, such as clothing fabrics, have many advantages, so the market application space is broad. Yet along with the raising of people's living standard, also more and more higher to the requirement of textile, urgently need to be able to overcome some existing defects of textile. For example, the existing chemical fiber clothing fabrics have problems such as hard hand feeling, poor comfort, poor water absorption and air permeability due to the slightly larger fiber monofilament fineness. In order to solve these problems, the ultra-fine or micro-denier of textile fibers has become an important research topic.

The diameter of ultra-fine denier fiber and micro-denier fiber is much thinner than that of conventional chemical fiber (the single-filament fineness is generally about 3-6dtex). The technical difficulty of manufacturing this type of chemical fiber is quite large, and it is necessary to select appropriate spinning raw materials and auxiliary agents. . It also requires reasonable selection of spinning technology solutions and strict control of various production processes such as melting, spinning, cooling, oiling, drafting, and winding. However, for nylon 6 fibers, the technology of producing ultra-fine denier or micro-denier nylon 6 fibers by melt direct spinning method is still immature.

At present, the production process for preparing porous fine-denier nylon 6POY/DTY composite fibers generally adopts a two-step production process technical route: first, the production process of melt-spun POY is used, and then POY is made into DTY, and then POY and DTY are exchanged. network complex. The conventional two-step method has long technological process, complicated processing procedure, poor dyeing performance and effect, poor product quality, high production cost and low efficiency.

The Chinese patent application number 201110337465.2 discloses a method for preparing porous micro-denier polyester POY and FDY interlaced composite filaments. It is a preparation method for simultaneously producing POY filaments and FDY filaments and directly compounding them. The preparation method comprises the following steps: a. the polyester chips are dried; b. the dried polyester chips are heated and melted by a screw to form a polyester melt; c. the flow rate of the polyester melt is measured by two metering pumps, and then Two spinnerets are pulled out at the same time to form two bundles of filaments, which are cooled and solidified; d. After oiling, one bundle is pre-networked, stretched and heat-set to obtain FDY filaments, and the other bundle is drawn to two A godet roll obtains POY filaments; e, FDY filaments and POY filaments are simultaneously input into the nozzle for intertwining and compounding, and are wound into shape by the winding device. However, the object of this invention is polyester fiber, which is significantly different from nylon fiber spinning requirements: including screw structure, melting temperature, spinning assembly configuration, monomer suction, slow cooling process, oil agent, setting temperature, spinning speed There are obvious differences between them, and the spinning process of nylon fiber has higher requirements and is more difficult to realize.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the problems of poor dyeability, poor quality, poor hand feeling, complicated process, long process and high cost in the process technology method of producing porous fine-denier nylon 6POY/DTY interlaced composite fiber in the prior art, the present invention provides A porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-differential fiber and its preparation method and application. The fiber of the invention has low cost, high output, good product quality, high added value, and easy control of production technology.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber, the breaking strength of the fiber is 3.8-4.8cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 20-40%; the boiling water shrinkage rate is 25-4. 40%; curl shrinkage rate is 8-20%.

The three differences refer to different denier, different elongation and different shrinkage.

The preparation method of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber of the present invention is:

(1) Prepare functional nylon 6 slices;

The preparation method of functional nylon 6 slices is as follows: add the second main group metal salt compound before the polymerization of caprolactam monomer, and in situ initiate polymerization after melting and mixing to remove water to obtain functional nylon 6 slices, in which the second main group metal salt The weight of the compound is 0.001-0.05% of the weight of the caprolactam monomer.

Before the polymerization of caprolactam monomer, add modifiers such as metal salts of the second main group to ensure that the metal compounds are uniformly dispersed in the nylon 6 matrix, and give full play to the interaction between metal salts and nylon molecules to strengthen the modification ability, and the polymerization is completed Finally, the special nylon 6 resin for micro-denier is obtained and porous micro-denier nylon 6 filament is spun; the specific preparation method is as described in the CN102161755B patent: the caprolactam with the second main group metal salt compound is continuously and uniformly dissolved by the feed pump The monomer melt is fed into the normal pressure straight continuous polymerization tube (referred to as the straight VK tube), and the material is polymerized by the ring-opening agent. It is brought out to maintain the liquid level in the tube. The obtained polymer melt is washed with water, cut into pellets, and dried in vacuum to remove moisture and small molecular substances.

(2) Functional nylon 6 slices, dried, screw melted, box, monomer suction, slow cooling, ring blowing, high-speed spinning, and winding to produce porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn (POY);

The specific method is to heat and melt the functional nylon 6 sliced resin in a single-screw extruder and extrude it into the spinning box, then quantitatively press the melt into the spinning assembly through a metering pump, and spray it through a specific spinneret hole. The pre-fixed tow is cooled and shaped by a monomer suction device, a slow cooling device, and a circular blower, and then oiled, bundled and wound to obtain a porous micro-denier nylon 6POY filament.

Melt spinning (functional nylon 6 chip resin heating and melting) temperature is 250-280 ° C, the screw pressure of the screw machine is 120-160 kg/cm ² when melting, the screw speed is 15-30 r/min, the screw of the screw machine The diameter is 35-66mm, and the aspect ratio is 28-35. Preferably, the screw machine contains static and dynamic mixers.

The temperature of the spinning box is 250-260°C.

Functional nylon 6 slices are melt-spun, in which the number of holes in the spinneret in the spinning assembly is 68-196, the hole diameter is 0.10-0.25mm, the aspect ratio of the spinneret is 3.0-5.0, and the length of the spinneret is The ratio is the ratio of the pore length to the pore diameter. The tow is subjected to monomer suction, slow cooling device, and ring blowing cooling, and then oiled, bundled, and wound. The winding speed is 2900-4300m/min to obtain porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn (POY).

The length of the slow cooling device is 15-20 cm. The slow cooling device is a rectangular metal partition installed under the spinneret and the monomer suction device, and is closely connected with the monomer suction device. Because the monofilament fineness of the spun fiber is very small, the specific surface area of the tow is large, and the cooling rate is fast, resulting in the crystallization of the fiber and becoming brittle, which is not suitable for further stretching, and a slow cooling device is required.

In addition, when nylon 6 is spun, it is easy to decompose to produce caprolactam monomer or oligomer. If it is not removed in time, it will affect the fiber evenness and subsequent dyeing and finishing applications; especially for porous micro-denier nylon 6 fibers, the impact is more obvious, so it is necessary to add a monomer suction device.

The temperature of the wind blown out by the blower is 18-30°C, the humidity is 60-80%, and the wind speed is 0.2-0.5m/s. Because the tow is porous, in order to better control the evenness of the fiber, the spinneret needs to be cooled by an inner ring blowing device, so that the tow is cooled evenly, the evenness is uniform, and the dyeing performance is good.

The fibers cooled by circular blowing are clustered and oiled through an oil mist nozzle, and the oil used in the oiled cluster is 8-12% of the weight of the oil distilled water emulsion.

The monofilament fineness of the obtained porous fine denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn is 0.11-0.55 dtex, the breaking elongation is 60-90%, and the breaking strength is 3.2-4.3 cN/dtex.

(3) The porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn (POY) is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, the cooling plate is cooled, and the tow after false twisting is combined with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 The pre-oriented silk fibers enter the network nozzle together for compounding, and then are drawn by the second roller, heated by the second hot box, oiled on the oiling roller, and wound to form a porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber.

The temperature of the first hot box is 70～120℃, the temperature of the second hot box is 110～155℃, the D/Y ratio is 1.20～1.55, the material of the friction disc is ceramic, the draft ratio is 1.10～1.35, and the processing speed is 350～ 700m/min.

The preparation method of the present invention has simple procedures and is easy to operate, and can obtain porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fibers with a fineness of less than 0.50 dtex, and in the preparation process, the nylon 6 fiber tow will not break substantially, and the resulting porous micro-denier The mechanical properties of the nylon 6 tri-different fiber are very good, and the minimum fineness can reach 0.10dtex. It has obviously improved the shortcomings of traditional methods such as long process flow, complicated processing procedures, poor dyeing performance and effect, poor product quality, high production cost, and low efficiency, and has improved the technological content and added value of micro-denier nylon 6 fiber products.

The application of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber of the present invention in the high-end chemical fiber market and in the fields of thermal underwear and functional corset fabrics. The porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber is a tow made of one or more micro-denier nylon 6 POY filaments through guide wire, first roller, first hot box heating, cooling plate cooling, and false twisting Together with another strand or strands of untreated micro-denier nylon 6POY fiber, it enters the deformed network nozzle, and is networked and compounded under the action of airflow, and then drawn by the second roller, heated by the second hot box, and put on the oil roller. It is obtained by coiling after oiling. The porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-differential fiber has a special fiber network microstructure, a multi-layer structure and an appearance similar to natural cotton fibers. Compared with fabrics made of ordinary fibers, the fabrics made of this fiber have the characteristics of good moisture absorption and perspiration, good heterochromaticity, good warmth retention, good bulkiness, slippery hand feeling, elastic body, dry and dry, etc., and the color fastness , wear resistance, elastic recovery and other properties surpass natural fibers, and have high added value, so they are widely used in the mid-to-high-end chemical fiber market, thermal underwear, and functional corset fabrics.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:

(1) The three different fibers of the present invention are low in production cost, high in yield, good in product quality and high in added value;

(2) The production process technology is easy to regulate.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in further detail below through specific examples. In the examples, unless otherwise specified, all equipment and raw materials can be purchased from the market or commonly used in this industry; the methods in the following examples, unless otherwise specified, are conventional methods in the art.

main ingreadient:

Caprolactam monomer: Zhejiang Hengyi Caprolactam Co., Ltd.

According to the preparation method of CN102161755B patent, the functional nylon 6 chips are prepared, and the second main group metal compound is introduced into the caprolactam monomer, and the polymerization is initiated in situ after melting and mixing to remove water. Wherein, based on the total weight of the caprolactam monomer, the weight of the second main group metal compound is 0.001-0.05%. The functional nylon 6 chips described in this example are formed by in-situ polymerization of caprolactam monomer and CaCl ₂ , and the formula is shown in Table 1.

Table ₁ : Nylon 6 Resin Formulations Containing CaCl

ingredients parts by mass Caprolactam monomer 100 Metal salt A CaCl ₂ 0.03 Ring opener (distilled water) 1.5 Molecular weight stabilizer (adipic acid) 0.3

Example 1

The functional nylon 6 chip melt is extruded through a screw extruder and then sent to the spinning machine. The melt is quantitatively pressed into the spinning parts by a metering pump, and the nylon 6 melt is made through the spinneret holes on the spinneret. Extruded in a filament state, the pre-fixed tow is passed through a monomer suction device, a slow cooling device, and then passed through a circular blower, cooled and formed, oiled and bundled and wound to obtain a fine denier nylon 6POY fiber product, wherein the melt is in the screw The temperature of each zone in the extruder is 255°C, 258°C, 259°C, 259°C, and the spinning temperature is 257°C; the number of spinneret holes used is 68, the hole diameter is 0.25mm, and the length is 0.7mm; The length of the slow cooling device is 15 cm, and the porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fiber with a winding fineness of 0.55 dtex is obtained by adjusting the speed of the metering pump. The oil used in the oiling bundle accounts for 9% of the weight of the oil distilled water emulsion, the winding speed is 4200m/min, the mechanical property test strength reaches 4.3cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 60%. Subsequently, the produced porous micro-denier nylon 6POY filament is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, the cooling plate is cooled, and the tow after false twisting is together with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fiber It enters the network nozzle for compounding, and then draws through the second roller, heats in the second hot box, and oils the oiling roller before winding and forming. Among them, the temperature of the first hot box is 70°C, and the temperature of the second hot box is controlled at 155°C; the D/Y ratio is generally selected at 1.55; the material of the friction disc is ceramic; the draft ratio is 1.10; the processing speed is 700m/min, and a A kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 1.

The breaking strength of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 1 is 4.7cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 35%, the boiling water shrinkage is 38% and the crimp shrinkage is 18%.

Example 2

The functional nylon 6 chip melt is extruded through a screw extruder and then sent to the spinning machine. The melt is quantitatively pressed into the spinning parts by a metering pump, and the nylon 6 melt is made through the spinneret holes on the spinneret. Extruded in a filament state, the pre-fixed tow is passed through a monomer suction device, a slow cooling device, and then passed through a circular blower, cooled and formed, oiled and bundled and wound to obtain a fine denier nylon 6POY fiber product, wherein the melt is in the screw The temperature of each zone in the extruder is 257°C, 260°C, 261°C, 261°C respectively, and the spinning temperature is 259°C; the number of spinneret holes used is 96, the hole diameter is 0.22mm, and the length is 0.7mm; The winding speed is 3900m/min, and the length of the slow cooling device is 20cm. By adjusting the speed of the metering pump, porous micro-denier nylon 6POY fibers with a fineness of 0.40dtex are obtained. 10% of the weight of the emulsion, the mechanical property test strength reaches 3.9cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 70%. Subsequently, the produced porous micro-denier nylon 6POY filament is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, the cooling plate is cooled, and the tow after false twisting is together with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fiber It enters the network nozzle for compounding, and then draws through the second roller, heats in the second hot box, and oils the oiling roller before winding and forming. Among them, the temperature of the first hot box is 100°C, and the temperature of the second hot box is controlled at 120°C; the D/Y ratio is generally selected at 1.40; the material of the friction disc is ceramic; the draft ratio is 1.20; the processing speed is 550m/min, and a A kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 2.

The breaking strength of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 2 is 4.45cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 30%, the boiling water shrinkage is 32% and the crimp shrinkage is 15%.

Example 3

The functional nylon 6 chip melt is extruded through a screw extruder and then sent to the spinning machine. The melt is quantitatively pressed into the spinning parts by a metering pump, and the nylon 6 melt is made through the spinneret holes on the spinneret. Extruded in a filament state, the pre-fixed tow is passed through a monomer suction device, a slow cooling device, and then passed through a circular blower, cooled and formed, oiled and bundled and wound to obtain a fine denier nylon 6POY fiber product, wherein the melt is in the screw The temperature of each zone in the extruder is 257°C, 260°C, 261°C, 261°C respectively, and the spinning temperature is 259°C; the number of spinneret holes used is 136, the hole diameter is 0.22mm, and the length is 0.7mm; The length of the slow cooling device is 18cm, the winding speed is 3500m/min, the specification is a single filament fineness of 0.28dtex, the oil used in the oiling bundle is 12% of the weight of the oil distilled water emulsion, and the strength of the mechanical property test reaches 3.6cN/ dtex, the elongation at break is 80%. Subsequently, the produced porous micro-denier nylon 6POY filament is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, the cooling plate is cooled, and the tow after false twisting is together with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fiber It enters the network nozzle for compounding, and then draws through the second roller, heats in the second hot box, and oils the oiling roller before winding and forming. Among them, the temperature of the first hot box is 120°C, and the temperature of the second hot box is controlled at 130°C; the D/Y ratio is generally selected at 1.30; the material of the friction disc is ceramic; the draft ratio is 1.25; the processing speed is 450m/min, and a A kind of porous fine denier nylon 6 three different fibers 3.

The breaking strength of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 3 is 4.15cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 24%, the boiling water shrinkage is 28% and the crimp shrinkage is 12%.

Example 4

The functional nylon 6 chip melt is extruded through a screw extruder and then sent to the spinning machine. The melt is quantitatively pressed into the spinning parts by a metering pump, and the nylon 6 melt is made through the spinneret holes on the spinneret. Extruded in a filament state, the pre-fixed tow is passed through a monomer suction device, a slow cooling device, and then passed through a circular blower, cooled and formed, oiled and bundled and wound to obtain a porous micro-denier nylon 6POY fiber product, wherein the melt is in The temperature of each zone in the screw extruder is 259°C, 262°C, 262°C, 262°C, and the spinning temperature is 259°C; the number of spinneret holes used is 196, the hole diameter is 0.15mm, and the length is 0.6mm; The length of the slow cooling device is 17 cm, and the winding speed is 2900 m/min. By adjusting the speed of the metering pump, porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fibers with a winding fineness of 0.137 dtex are obtained. The oil agent used in the oiling bundle accounts for 8% of the weight of the oil agent distilled water emulsion, the mechanical property test strength reaches 3.3cN/dtex, and the elongation at break is 87%. Subsequently, the produced porous micro-denier nylon 6POY filament is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, the cooling plate is cooled, and the tow after false twisting is together with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 POY fiber It enters the network nozzle for compounding, and then draws through the second roller, heats in the second hot box, and oils the oiling roller before winding and forming. Among them, the temperature of the first hot box is 90°C, and the temperature of the second hot box is controlled at 110°C; the D/Y ratio is generally selected at 1.25; the material of the friction disc is ceramic; the draft ratio is 1.35; the processing speed is 350m/min, and a A kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 4.

The breaking strength of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber 4 is 4.0cN/dtex, the breaking elongation is 20%, the boiling water shrinkage is 25% and the crimp shrinkage is 9%.

The above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate and explain the content of the present invention, and do not constitute a limitation to the content of the present invention. Although the inventor has listed the present invention in detail, those skilled in the art can make various modifications or/and Supplementation or substitution in a similar manner is obvious and can achieve the technical effect of the present invention, so details will not be repeated here. The terms appearing in the present invention are used to explain and understand the technical solutions of the present invention, and do not constitute limitations to the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. A porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber, characterized in that the breaking strength of the fiber is 3.8～4.8cN/dtex, the elongation at break is 20～40%; the boiling water shrinkage is 25～40%; Curl shrinkage rate is 8-20%, The preparation method of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber is as follows: (1) Preparation of functional nylon 6 slices; (2) Functional nylon 6 chips are melt-spun, wherein the number of holes in the spinneret in the spinning assembly is 68-196, the hole diameter is 0.10-0.25mm, and the aspect ratio of the spinneret is 3.0-5.0; the tow After monomer suction, slow cooling device, ring blowing cooling, and then winding and forming through the first, second and third godet rollers, the winding speed is 2900-4300m/min, and the porous micro-denier nylon 6 preform is obtained. Oriented yarn, porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn has a monofilament fineness of 0.11-0.55dtex, a breaking elongation of 60-90%, and a breaking strength of 3.2-4.3cN/dtex; (3) Porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented The oriented yarn is heated by the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box, cooled by the cooling plate, and the false-twisted tow enters the network nozzle together with another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn fiber for compounding. Then, it is stretched by the second roller, heated by the second hot box, oiled by the oiling roller, and then wound and formed to obtain porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fibers. 2. a kind of preparation method of porous micro-fine denier nylon 6 three different fibers as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described preparation method is: (1) Preparation of functional nylon 6 slices; (2) Functional nylon 6 chips are melt-spun, wherein the number of holes in the spinneret in the spinning assembly is 68-196, the hole diameter is 0.10-0.25mm, and the aspect ratio of the spinneret is 3.0-5.0; the tow After monomer suction, slow cooling device, ring blowing cooling, and then winding and forming through the first, second and third godet rollers, the winding speed is 2900-4300m/min, and the porous micro-denier nylon 6 preform is obtained. Oriented yarn, porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn has a monofilament fineness of 0.11-0.55 dtex, a breaking elongation of 60-90%, and a breaking strength of 3.2-4.3 cN/dtex. (3) The porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn passes through the guide wire, the first roller, the first hot box heating, the cooling plate cooling, and the tow after false twisting and another untreated porous micro-denier nylon 6 pre-oriented yarn The fibers enter the network nozzle together for compounding, and then are drawn by the second roller, heated by the second hot box, oiled on the oiling roller, and then wound and formed to obtain porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fibers. 3. The preparation method of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber according to claim 2 is characterized in that, the preparation method of the functional nylon 6 slice in the step (1) is: adding the second main ingredient before the polymerization of the caprolactam monomer Group metal salt compounds are melted and mixed to remove water and then in situ to initiate polymerization to obtain functional nylon 6 slices, wherein the weight of the second main group metal salt compounds is 0.001-0.05% of the weight of the caprolactam monomer. 4. The preparation method of the porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber according to claim 2, characterized in that, in the step (3), the temperature of the first hot box is 70-120° C., and the temperature of the second hot box is 110-155 °C. ℃, the D/Y ratio is 1.20-1.55, the material of the friction disc is ceramic, the draft ratio is 1.10-1.35, and the processing speed is 350-700m/min. 5. the application of a kind of porous micro-denier nylon 6 tri-different fiber according to claim 1 in high-end chemical fiber market and thermal underwear, functional corset fabric field.