CN105009727A - Saline land soil structure conditioning method employing rose quartz soil subsoiling agent - Google Patents
Saline land soil structure conditioning method employing rose quartz soil subsoiling agent Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
技术领域 technical field
本发明提供一种采用芙蓉石土壤深松剂的土壤结构调理方法，属于土壤改良技术领域。 The invention provides a soil structure conditioning method using a hibiscus stone soil subsoiling agent, which belongs to the technical field of soil improvement.
背景技术 Background technique
我国中低产土壤面积仍很大，土壤结构不良已是制约我国作物品质和产量新的因素。我国调理盐碱土壤结构的主要技术有：合理灌排、耕作以及补给有机质和二价盐等。合理灌排，因对土壤水稳定性团粒影响不大，从而不能从根本上解决土壤结构不良问题；耕作受土壤墒情影响，形成的土壤结构不能永久；有机肥是改良土壤的好方法，但有机肥数量有限，且施用量大，费工费时，且不能工业化生产，限制了有机肥改良土壤面积。高分子化合物改良土壤施用量小，效果大，但我国目前研究局限在高分子化合物制备及单个分子化合物对土壤结构、作物生长影响的田间试验上，尚未形成产品，因而高分子化合物在我国中低产土壤改良中还没有起到应有的作用。同时，由于其生产应用成本较高，也进一步限制了在农业上的应用。 my country's medium and low-yield soil area is still large, and poor soil structure has become a new factor restricting crop quality and yield in my country. The main technologies for regulating saline-alkali soil structure in my country include: rational irrigation and drainage, tillage, and replenishment of organic matter and divalent salts. Reasonable irrigation and drainage, because it has little effect on soil water stability and aggregates, cannot fundamentally solve the problem of poor soil structure; farming is affected by soil moisture, and the formed soil structure cannot be permanent; organic fertilizer is a good way to improve soil, but organic The amount of fertilizer is limited, and the amount of application is large, labor-intensive and time-consuming, and it cannot be produced industrially, which limits the area of soil improved by organic fertilizer. The amount of application of polymer compounds to improve soil is small and the effect is large. However, the current research in my country is limited to the preparation of polymer compounds and field experiments on the impact of single molecular compounds on soil structure and crop growth. Products have not yet been formed. Therefore, polymer compounds are low-yield in my country. Soil improvement has not played its due role. At the same time, due to the high cost of its production and application, it further limits its application in agriculture.
现有的土壤结构调理方法，还存在以下缺陷： The existing soil structure conditioning method also has the following defects:
（1）对盐碱地土壤的含盐量和pH的降低程度有限；（2）不能同时有效的提高盐碱地土壤的透气性、水稳性团粒机械稳定性和土壤持水量；（3）盐碱地土壤的肥力仍然较低。 (1) The reduction of salt content and pH of saline-alkali soil is limited; (2) It cannot effectively improve the air permeability, water-stable aggregate mechanical stability and soil water holding capacity of saline-alkali soil at the same time; (3) The fertility of saline-alkali soil Still lower.
发明内容 Contents of the invention
本发明为解决现有技术存在的不足，提供一种采用芙蓉石土壤深松剂的盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，以实现以下发明目的： In order to solve the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method using a hibiscus stone soil subsoiling agent, so as to achieve the following objectives of the invention:
（1）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，显著降低盐碱地土壤的含盐量、土壤pH； (1) Using the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention to significantly reduce the salt content and soil pH of the saline-alkali soil;
（2）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，提高盐碱地土壤的透气性、水稳性团粒机械稳定性和土壤持水量； (2) Using the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention to improve the air permeability of saline-alkali soil, the mechanical stability of water-stable aggregates and the water holding capacity of the soil;
（3）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，提高盐碱地土壤中全氮含量、有效钾含量、有效磷含量。 (3) Using the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention to increase the total nitrogen content, available potassium content, and available phosphorus content in saline-alkali soil.
为解决上述技术问题，采用以下技术方案：In order to solve the above technical problems, the following technical solutions are adopted:
一种采用芙蓉石土壤深松剂的盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，其特征在于：所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法包括施用土壤深松剂，所述土壤深松剂，包括芙蓉石。 A soil structure conditioning method for saline-alkali land using a deep loosening agent of hibiscus stone, characterized in that: the soil structure conditioning method for saline-alkali land includes applying a soil deep loosening agent, and the soil deep loosening agent includes hibiscus stone.
以下是对上述技术方案的进一步改进： Following is the further improvement to above-mentioned technical scheme:
所述土壤深松剂，还包括醋酸纤维素、稻糠、硅酸盐细菌。 The soil subsoiling agent also includes cellulose acetate, rice bran, and silicate bacteria.
所述土壤深松剂，各组分的质量比例为：芙蓉石20-30份、醋酸纤维素10-15份、稻糠14-18份、硅酸盐细菌3-5份、黄腐酸10-12份、水溶性甲壳素3-8份、丙烯酸盐保水剂0.4-0.8份、磷酸二氢钾6-9份、硅藻土4-8份。 The soil subsoiling agent, the mass ratio of each component is: 20-30 parts of hibiscus stone, 10-15 parts of cellulose acetate, 14-18 parts of rice bran, 3-5 parts of silicate bacteria, 10-10 parts of fulvic acid 12 parts, 3-8 parts of water-soluble chitin, 0.4-0.8 parts of acrylate water retaining agent, 6-9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 4-8 parts of diatomaceous earth.
所述土壤深松剂，各组分的质量比例，优选为：芙蓉石25份、醋酸纤维素12份、稻糠15份、硅酸盐细菌4份、黄腐酸11份、水溶性甲壳素5份、丙烯酸盐保水剂0.6份、磷酸二氢钾7份、硅藻土5份。 The soil subsoiling agent, the mass ratio of each component is preferably: 25 parts of hibiscus stone, 12 parts of cellulose acetate, 15 parts of rice bran, 4 parts of silicate bacteria, 11 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of water-soluble chitin parts, 0.6 parts of acrylate water retaining agent, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and 5 parts of diatomaceous earth.
所述土壤深松剂，其制备方法包括腐熟处理，所述腐熟处理，将稻糠经过腐熟剂处理后，风干，粉碎至粒径小于2mm的颗粒。 The preparation method of the soil subsoiling agent includes decomposing treatment. In the decomposing treatment, the rice bran is treated with a decomposing agent, air-dried, and crushed to particles with a particle size of less than 2mm.
所述制备方法，还包括硅酸盐细菌菌悬液的制备，所述硅酸盐细菌菌悬液的制备，将硅酸盐细菌经过活化、扩大培养后，制成活菌数达2×109cfu/ml的菌悬液。 The preparation method also includes the preparation of the silicate bacteria suspension, the preparation of the silicate bacteria suspension, after the silicate bacteria are activated and expanded, the number of viable bacteria can reach 2×10 9 cfu/ml of bacterial suspension.
所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，还包括施用土壤深松剂，所述施用土壤深松剂，每亩盐碱地土壤深松剂的施用量为35kg。 The method for conditioning soil structure in saline-alkali land also includes applying a soil subsoiling agent, and the application rate of the soil substituting agent per mu of saline-alkali land is 35kg.
所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，还包括施用肥料，所述肥料，各组分的质量比例为：有机肥牛粪35-42份、生化黄腐酸7-11份、腐殖酸4-7份、马来酸酐30-35份、复合肥3-6份、保水剂0.4-0.8份、琥珀酸2-3份、硅胶1-2份、微量元素0.5-0.9份。 The method for regulating the soil structure of the saline-alkali land also includes applying fertilizer, and the mass ratio of each component of the fertilizer is: 35-42 parts of organic manure, 7-11 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, and 4-7 parts of humic acid , maleic anhydride 30-35 parts, compound fertilizer 3-6 parts, water retaining agent 0.4-0.8 parts, succinic acid 2-3 parts, silica gel 1-2 parts, trace elements 0.5-0.9 parts.
采用以上技术方案，本发明的有益效果为：Adopt above technical scheme, the beneficial effect of the present invention is:
（1）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，显著降低盐碱地土壤的含盐量、土壤pH，盐碱地土壤结构调理6个月后，0-30cm土层含盐量为0.2-0.4％，土壤pH为7.2-7.6。 (1) By adopting the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention, the salt content and soil pH of the saline-alkali soil are significantly reduced. After 6 months of saline-alkali soil structure conditioning, the salt content of the 0-30cm soil layer is 0.2-0.4%. The pH is 7.2-7.6.
（2）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，提高土壤的透气性、水稳性团粒机械稳定性和土壤持水量，盐碱地土壤结构调理6个月后，土壤的透气孔隙为9-15%，土壤中5～7mm水稳性团粒机械稳定性为498-509克，土壤持水量为18-24%。 (2) Adopt the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention to improve the air permeability of the soil, the mechanical stability of water-stable aggregates and the soil water holding capacity. After 6 months of conditioning the soil structure in saline-alkali soil, the air-permeable pores of the soil are 9-15% , the mechanical stability of 5-7mm water-stable aggregates in the soil is 498-509 grams, and the soil water holding capacity is 18-24%.
（3）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，提高土壤中全氮含量、有效钾含量、有效磷含量，盐碱地土壤结构调理6个月后，土壤中全氮含量为0.079-0.107%，土壤中有效钾含量提高40-58%，土壤中有效磷含量提高64-77%。 (3) Adopt the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention to increase the total nitrogen content, available potassium content, and available phosphorus content in the soil. After 6 months of saline-alkali soil structure conditioning, the total nitrogen content in the soil is 0.079-0.107%. The available potassium content in the soil increased by 40-58%, and the available phosphorus content in the soil increased by 64-77%.
（4）采用本发明所述盐碱地土壤结构调理方法，调理土壤结构6个月后，种植向日葵，移栽成活率为97.8-99.4%，向日葵种子的产量为450-500公斤/亩；种植紫花苜蓿，出苗率为98.7-99.6%，鲜草和干草的产量均显著提高。 (4) Adopt the saline-alkali soil structure conditioning method of the present invention, after conditioning the soil structure for 6 months, plant sunflowers, the transplanting survival rate is 97.8-99.4%, and the output of sunflower seeds is 450-500 kg/mu; plant alfalfa , The emergence rate is 98.7-99.6%, and the yield of fresh grass and hay is significantly increased.
具体实施方式 Detailed ways
以下对本发明的优选实施例进行说明，应当理解，此处所描述的优选实施例仅用于说明和解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。 Preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, and it should be understood that the preferred embodiments described here are only used to illustrate and explain the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention.
实施例1 一种芙蓉石土壤深松剂Embodiment 1 A kind of hibiscus stone soil loosening agent
所述土壤深松剂，各组分的质量比例为：Described soil deep loosening agent, the mass ratio of each component is:
芙蓉石20份、醋酸纤维素10份、稻糠14份、硅酸盐细菌3份、黄腐酸10份、水溶性甲壳素3份、丙烯酸盐保水剂0.4份、磷酸二氢钾6份、硅藻土4份。 20 parts of hibiscus stone, 10 parts of cellulose acetate, 14 parts of rice bran, 3 parts of silicate bacteria, 10 parts of fulvic acid, 3 parts of water-soluble chitin, 0.4 parts of acrylate water-retaining agent, 6 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, silicon 4 parts algae.
所述的芙蓉石为芙蓉石原石。 The said hibiscus stone is the original stone of hibiscus stone.
实施例2 一种芙蓉石土壤深松剂Embodiment 2 A kind of hibiscus stone soil loosening agent
所述土壤深松剂，各组分的质量比例为：Described soil deep loosening agent, the mass ratio of each component is:
芙蓉石25份、醋酸纤维素12份、稻糠15份、硅酸盐细菌4份、黄腐酸11份、水溶性甲壳素5份、丙烯酸盐保水剂0.6份、磷酸二氢钾7份、硅藻土5份。 25 parts of hibiscus stone, 12 parts of cellulose acetate, 15 parts of rice bran, 4 parts of silicate bacteria, 11 parts of fulvic acid, 5 parts of water-soluble chitin, 0.6 parts of acrylate water-retaining agent, 7 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, silicon Alginate 5 parts.
所述的芙蓉石为芙蓉石原石。 The said hibiscus stone is the original stone of hibiscus stone.
实施例3一种芙蓉石土壤深松剂Embodiment 3 a kind of hibiscus stone soil loosening agent
所述土壤深松剂，各组分的质量比例为：Described soil deep loosening agent, the mass ratio of each component is:
芙蓉石30份、醋酸纤维素15份、稻糠18份、硅酸盐细菌5份、黄腐酸12份、水溶性甲壳素8份、丙烯酸盐保水剂0.8份、磷酸二氢钾9份、硅藻土8份。 30 parts of hibiscus stone, 15 parts of cellulose acetate, 18 parts of rice bran, 5 parts of silicate bacteria, 12 parts of fulvic acid, 8 parts of water-soluble chitin, 0.8 parts of acrylate water-retaining agent, 9 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, silicon Alginate 8 parts.
所述的芙蓉石为芙蓉石原石。 The said hibiscus stone is the original stone of hibiscus stone.
实施例4 一种芙蓉石土壤深松剂的制备方法Embodiment 4 A kind of preparation method of hibiscus stone soil subsoiling agent
（1）称取：按照实施例1-3所述的土壤深松剂的配方，称取各组分； (1) Weighing: according to the formula of the soil subsoiling agent described in Examples 1-3, weigh each component;
（2）粉碎：将芙蓉石粉碎，进行筛分处理，筛除粒径大于50目的颗粒； (2) Pulverization: Pulverize the hibiscus stone and carry out sieving treatment, and sieve out particles with a particle size larger than 50 mesh;
（3）腐熟处理：将稻糠经过腐熟剂处理后，风干，粉碎至粒径小于2mm的颗粒； (3) Decomposition treatment: After the rice bran is treated with a decomposing agent, it is air-dried and crushed to particles with a particle size of less than 2mm;
（4）硅酸盐细菌菌悬液的制备：将硅酸盐细菌经过活化、扩大培养后，制成活菌数达2×109cfu/ml的菌悬液； (4) Preparation of silicate bacteria suspension: After activation and expansion of silicate bacteria, a bacterial suspension with a viable count of 2×10 9 cfu/ml was prepared;
（5）混合：将（2）、（3）、（4）步骤所得产物进行混合，再与醋酸纤维素、黄腐酸、水溶性甲壳素、丙烯酸盐保水剂、磷酸二氢钾、硅藻土进行混合均匀，制成土壤深松剂。 (5) Mixing: Mix the products obtained in steps (2), (3) and (4), and then mix them with cellulose acetate, fulvic acid, water-soluble chitin, acrylate water retaining agent, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, diatoms Mix the soil evenly to make a soil subsoiler.
实施例5 一种盐碱地土壤结构调理方法Embodiment 5 A kind of soil structure conditioning method in saline-alkali land
（1）盐碱地选择(1) Selection of saline-alkali land
选择0-30cm土层含盐量为2.4-3.6％，土壤pH为8.5-8.8，土壤中全氮含量为0.023-0.026%，土壤的透气孔隙为3-5%，土壤中5～7mm水稳性团粒机械稳定性为363.8克，土壤持水量为7-8%。 Select the 0-30cm soil layer with a salt content of 2.4-3.6%, soil pH of 8.5-8.8, soil total nitrogen content of 0.023-0.026%, soil air-permeable pores of 3-5%, and 5-7mm soil water stability. The mechanical stability of the permanent aggregate is 363.8 grams, and the soil water holding capacity is 7-8%.
（2）施用土壤深松剂(2) Apply soil loosening agent
亩施用土壤深松剂35kg，将土壤深松剂均匀撒播在盐碱土壤表面。 Apply 35kg of soil subsoiling agent per mu, and spread the soil subsoiling agent evenly on the surface of saline-alkali soil.
（3）施用肥料(3) Fertilizer application
采用撒施的方式，亩用肥料50-60kg。 Use the method of spreading, and use 50-60kg of fertilizer per mu.
所述肥料的配方为：The formula of described fertilizer is:
有机肥牛粪35-42份、生化黄腐酸7-11份、腐殖酸4-7份、马来酸酐30-35份、复合肥3-6份、保水剂0.4-0.8份、琥珀酸2-3份、硅胶1-2份、微量元素0.5-0.9份。 35-42 parts of organic fertilizer cow dung, 7-11 parts of biochemical fulvic acid, 4-7 parts of humic acid, 30-35 parts of maleic anhydride, 3-6 parts of compound fertilizer, 0.4-0.8 parts of water retaining agent, succinic acid 2-3 parts, 1-2 parts of silica gel, 0.5-0.9 parts of trace elements.
所述有机肥牛粪，有机质的质量百分含量为45%； Described organic fertilizer cow dung, the mass percentage composition of organic matter is 45%;
所述复合肥，N≥17%、P2O5≥17%、K2O≥17%； The compound fertilizer, N≥17%, P2O5≥17%, K2O≥17%;
所述微量元素肥料，包括磷酸铵锌、硬硼钙石、锰矿泥，质量比例为2：1：2。 The trace element fertilizer includes zinc ammonium phosphate, colemanite, and manganese slime in a mass ratio of 2:1:2.
所述肥料的制备方法：The preparation method of described fertilizer:
a.按配方比例称取微量元素、硅胶、琥珀酸、马来酸酐、有机肥牛粪、复合肥后全部磨碎，过300目筛； a. Weigh trace elements, silica gel, succinic acid, maleic anhydride, organic fertilizer cow dung, and compound fertilizer according to the formula ratio and grind them all, and pass through a 300-mesh sieve;
b.称取生化黄腐酸、腐植酸、保水剂加入掺混机器中开始搅拌，将a步骤所得粉末缓慢加入掺混机器中，搅拌20分钟后制得成品。 b. Weigh the biochemical fulvic acid, humic acid, and water-retaining agent and add them to the blending machine to start stirring. Slowly add the powder obtained in step a into the blending machine, and stir for 20 minutes to obtain the finished product.
（4）深耕土地(4) Deep plowing of the land
利用旋耕机对20cm深度土层旋耕，一方面再次疏松土壤，另一方面可将含盐量较低的旋耕土层与土壤深松剂、肥料搅拌混匀。 Use a rotary tiller to rotate the soil layer at a depth of 20cm. On the one hand, loosen the soil again. On the other hand, the rotary tillage soil layer with low salt content can be mixed with soil subsoiling agent and fertilizer.
（5）灌溉(5) irrigation
在施入土壤深松剂后采用淡水进行一次灌溉，灌溉量为300m3/公顷，所述淡水矿化度小于1g/L；在施入肥料后，采用微咸水进行一次灌溉，所述微咸水矿化度为2.2-3.4g/L，pH为7.8-8.2，含盐量为0.09-0.11%，钠盐含量占总盐含量的30-35%。 After applying the soil subsoiling agent, use fresh water to irrigate once, the irrigation volume is 300m 3 /ha, and the salinity of the fresh water is less than 1g/L; after applying fertilizer, use brackish water to irrigate once, the Salt water salinity is 2.2-3.4g/L, pH is 7.8-8.2, salt content is 0.09-0.11%, sodium salt content accounts for 30-35% of the total salt content.
之后采用咸水、淡水轮灌的方式灌溉，咸水、淡水轮灌次数比为1:4，每7-10天灌溉一次，每次灌溉量为300-400m3/公顷。 Afterwards, salt water and fresh water rotation irrigation are used for irrigation, the ratio of salt water and fresh water rotation irrigation is 1:4, and irrigation is performed every 7-10 days, and the amount of each irrigation is 300-400m 3 /ha.
试验结果：test results:
（1）本发明所述方法，具有良好的土壤结构调理效果，土壤结构调理6个月后，0-30cm土层含盐量为0.2-0.4％，土壤pH为7.2-7.6，土壤中全氮含量为0.079-0.107%，土壤的透气孔隙为9-15%，土壤中5～7mm水稳性团粒机械稳定性为498-509克，土壤持水量为18-24%，土壤中有效钾含量提高40-58%，土壤中有效磷含量提高64-77%。具体指标见表1。 (1) The method of the present invention has a good soil structure conditioning effect. After 6 months of soil structure conditioning, the salt content of the 0-30cm soil layer is 0.2-0.4%, the soil pH is 7.2-7.6, and the total nitrogen in the soil The content is 0.079-0.107%, the air permeability of the soil is 9-15%, the mechanical stability of 5-7mm water-stable aggregates in the soil is 498-509 grams, the soil water holding capacity is 18-24%, and the effective potassium content in the soil is increased 40-58%, and the available phosphorus content in the soil increased by 64-77%. See Table 1 for specific indicators.
表1 土壤结构调理后的指标 Table 1 Indexes after soil structure conditioning
（2）在上述经过土壤结构调理的盐碱地中种植向日葵，向日葵的移栽成活率为97.8-99.4%，根系发达，主根入土深度达220-230 cm；向日葵的头状花序大，直径达32-35cm；产量提高，向日葵种子的产量为450-500公斤/亩，提高30-40%；种子千粒重为140-150g，提高36-42%；空壳率低，空壳率为8-10%，现有技术向日葵的空壳率为20-30%。 (2) Plant sunflowers in the above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioned by soil structure. The transplanting survival rate of sunflowers is 97.8-99.4%. 35cm; increased yield, the yield of sunflower seeds is 450-500 kg/mu, an increase of 30-40%; the thousand-grain weight of the seeds is 140-150g, an increase of 36-42%; the empty shell rate is low, the empty shell rate is 8-10%, The empty shell rate of prior art sunflower is 20-30%.
在上述经过土壤结构调理的盐碱地中种植紫花苜蓿，紫花苜蓿的出苗率为98.7-99.6%，主根入土深度7-10米；紫花苜蓿的鲜草和干草的产量提高：播种后2年，每亩鲜草产量在4500-5200千克，干草产量1080-1120千克。 Plant alfalfa in the above-mentioned saline-alkali soil conditioned by soil structure, the emergence rate of alfalfa is 98.7-99.6%, and the depth of tap root is 7-10 meters; the yield of fresh grass and hay of alfalfa is increased: 2 years after sowing, per mu The yield of fresh grass is 4500-5200 kg, and that of hay is 1080-1120 kg.
最后应说明的是：以上所述仅为本发明的优选实施例而已，并不用于限制本发明，尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，对于本领域的技术人员来说，其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改，或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。 Finally, it should be noted that: the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the present invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, for those skilled in the art, it still The technical solutions recorded in the foregoing embodiments may be modified, or some technical features thereof may be equivalently replaced. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.
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