CN105352108A - Load optimization control method based on air conditioner electricity utilization mode - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a load optimization control method based on the power consumption mode of an air conditioner, the method comprising: (1) establishing a functional relationship of indoor temperature with time according to a first-order thermodynamic model of a fixed-frequency air conditioner; (2) According to the characteristics of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, combined with the indoor temperature control interval set by the user's preference, the duty cycle of the air conditioner's working state is determined; (3) A quantitative model of human comfort satisfaction and a quantitative model of electricity cost economy are established: (4) According to Establish an optimization model of user comprehensive satisfaction based on human comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy; (5) Establish a comprehensive regulation strategy for air-conditioning electricity consumption patterns. According to the specific implementation of the real-time electricity price on the grid platform and the actual operation of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, the present invention fits the functional relationship between the real-time electricity price and the working mode of the air conditioner, and realizes the adjustment of the air conditioner by adjusting the change of the real-time electricity price from the grid level. The operating mode is optimized.

Description

A load optimization control method based on air conditioner power consumption mode

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of power systems and automation thereof, in particular to a load optimization control method based on an air conditioner power consumption mode.

Background technique

Demand response is the core method or technology of smart grid, and it is also one of the best applications of smart grid. With the support of smart grid technology, demand response automation will make load scheduling truly possible and play an important role in system optimization. Improve energy efficiency and expand the use of new energy, which is also one of the goals of smart grid construction. At present, the smart grid technology on the power generation side and the transmission side is relatively mature, and there is still a big gap in the smart grid on the power consumption side. The smart demand response is of great significance to the development of smart grid technology on the user side. With the continuous development of technologies such as demand response, it is not an appropriate mode of electricity consumption for power end users to simply save electricity costs or consume electricity as a luxury when using electrical equipment. At the same time, the continuous development of related technologies such as home energy systems also provides The study of user load characteristics and the power consumption mode of air conditioners provides good environmental and technical support.

At present, although the home energy management system can automatically set the air-conditioning mode according to the user's preference, the effect of reducing the energy consumption of the air-conditioning and improving the comfort of the human body is not obvious, and the traditional air-conditioning lacks consumer psychology and human comfort theories. In terms of comprehensive consideration of user experience, indoor air conditioners are mainly based on constant temperature control, so that the indoor environment is in a static temperature control. Therefore, how to build an intelligent adjustment control for home air conditioning systems that comprehensively consider human comfort factors and energy-saving factors Solutions, applied in smart grid construction and automatic demand response projects, are an urgent problem to be solved.

Contents of the invention

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art, the present invention provides a load optimization control method based on the power consumption mode of the air conditioner. The present invention takes the household fixed-frequency air conditioner as the main research object, fully studies the comfort of the user and the electricity cost of the air conditioner during the use of the air conditioner under the environment of floating electricity prices, and establishes the load control based on the power consumption mode of the user's air conditioner The model defines the two parameters of human comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy, and realizes the optimization of user comprehensive satisfaction and the mining of user demand response potential. From the grid level, by adjusting the price of electricity sales, the user Selecting the appropriate power consumption mode realizes the automatic demand response of the air-conditioning load and the adjustable ability of calling the air-conditioning load online.

The solution adopted to achieve the above purpose is:

A load optimization control method based on an air conditioner power consumption mode, the method includes the following steps:

(1) According to the first-order thermodynamic model of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, the functional relationship of indoor temperature with time is established;

(2) According to the characteristics of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, combined with the indoor temperature control interval set by the user's preference, determine the duty cycle of the air conditioner's working state;

(3) Establish a quantitative model of human comfort satisfaction and a quantitative model of electricity cost economy;

(4) Establish an optimization model of user comprehensive satisfaction according to human comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy;

(5) Establish a comprehensive control strategy for air-conditioning power consumption patterns.

Preferably, the functional relationship of the room temperature over time is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In the formula: s is the state of the air conditioner, 1 means off, 0 means on; is the indoor temperature at time t; is the outdoor temperature at (t+1) moment; Δt is the control time interval, R is the thermal resistance of the air conditioner, C is the heat capacity of the air conditioner; η is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; P is the rated cooling power consumption of the air conditioner, the unit is kW, ηP is the rated cooling capacity of the air conditioner; T _RC is the time constant; t is the time. e is a natural constant, is the indoor temperature at time t+1.

Preferably, the calculation of the duty cycle of the air conditioner working state includes:

Set the rated power of the air conditioner as P, and the outdoor ambient temperature in one operating cycle of the air conditioner is a constant value T _out :

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

τ _c =τ _on +τ _off (4)

In the formula: T ⁺ , T ^- represent the upper limit and lower limit of the air conditioner temperature in the air conditioner control cycle; τ _on represents the time that the air conditioner is on in a working cycle; τ _off represents the time that the air conditioner is off in a working cycle ;τ _c represents the time of a working cycle; ε is the heat dissipation function, ε=e- ^Δt/RC ;

The duty cycle of the air conditioner working state for:

Preferably, the human body comfort satisfaction quantification model:

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ></span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; aT</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; bT</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}\\ \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; <</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

μ ₁ represents human comfort satisfaction; T _max , T _min are the upper limit and lower limit of the indoor temperature acceptable to the user; T _in represents the value of the indoor temperature; a, b, c represent the user parameters set according to user preferences, for For different users, its value will change accordingly.

Preferably, the electricity cost economics quantification model:

In the formula: μ ₂ represents the electricity cost economy of the air conditioner; P is the rated power of the air conditioner; S _min and S _max are the minimum and maximum values of the electricity cost of the air conditioner that the user can accept; λ is the real-time value released by the power company electricity price; is the duty cycle of the air conditioner working state.

Preferably, the overall user satisfaction is determined by human comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy, including:

Assume that there are N optimization periods in a day, and for each optimization period, there is the following formula:

max(αμ ₁ +βμ ₂ )(7)

Constraints: T _min ≤T _in ≤T _max

μ ₁ represents human comfort satisfaction; μ ₂ represents electricity cost economy; α, β respectively represent the weight of human body comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy in user’s comprehensive satisfaction; T _in represents indoor temperature;

T _min , T _max are the lower limit and upper limit of the indoor temperature acceptable to the user; S _min , S _max are the minimum and maximum value of the electricity cost of the air conditioner acceptable to the user; P is the rated power of the air conditioner; λ is the electric power The real-time electricity price released by the company changes every hour; is the duty ratio of the working state of the air conditioner; max(αμ ₁ +βμ ₂ ) means that the overall satisfaction of users is maximized in each period.

Preferably, in the comprehensive control strategy, in the automatic demand response project, the power company can adjust the size of the electricity price to affect the change of the cost economy of the electricity fee, and under the constraint of the maximum comprehensive satisfaction (μ ₁ +μ ₂ ), through Find out the power consumption mode of the air conditioner corresponding to the power price condition, so as to determine the duty cycle of the air conditioner when it is working, and achieve the control of the power consumption mode of the air conditioner, so as to determine the reduction of the air conditioner load that can be controlled by the change of the power price. So as to excavate the demand response potential of fixed frequency air conditioner in the automatic demand response project.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. In the comprehensive user satisfaction, the two parameters of human comfort satisfaction and air-conditioning electricity cost economy are innovatively defined, so as to realize the comprehensive load optimization control considering the multiple influences of user comfort and economy, and more In line with the actual user power consumption mode usage;

2. In the model of human comfort satisfaction, according to the actual use of air-conditioning power consumption mode, the quadratic function relationship between the real-time value of indoor temperature and human comfort satisfaction is fitted, which effectively quantifies the impact of temperature on human comfort. degree of influence.

3. In the electricity cost economic model of the air conditioner, according to the specific implementation of the real-time electricity price of the grid platform and the actual operation of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, the functional relationship between the real-time electricity price and the working mode (operating duty cycle) of the air conditioner is fitted. It realizes the optimization of the operation mode of the air conditioner by adjusting the change of the real-time electricity price from the grid level.

4. In the air-conditioning load control strategy based on the power consumption mode, the concept of optimizing the comprehensive satisfaction of users is proposed, and the relevant elaboration and illustration are carried out with specific examples, so as to realize the optimal control of the air-conditioning power consumption mode, and excavate The larger demand response potential of fixed-frequency air conditioners in automatic demand response projects.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 realizes the flow chart of the load control strategy based on the air-conditioning power consumption mode provided by the present invention;

Figure 2 The relationship between electricity price and duty cycle;

Figure 3 The relationship between electricity price and customer satisfaction.

detailed description

The specific embodiments of the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the load control method based on the power consumption mode of the air conditioner provided by the embodiment of the present invention mainly includes six steps: according to the first-order thermodynamic model of the fixed frequency air conditioner, the functional relationship of room temperature with time is established; According to the characteristics of the fixed-frequency air conditioner, combined with the room temperature control interval, the duty cycle of the air conditioner's working state is determined; the human body comfort mainly affected by the indoor temperature and the measurement formula of the electricity cost economy mainly controlled by the electricity price and the duty cycle are established; On the basis of the above, determine the user's comprehensive satisfaction degree jointly determined by the human body comfort and electricity cost economy, and establish the user's automatic demand response comprehensive control strategy for the air-conditioning power consumption mode; the calculation example analysis of the air-conditioning load control strategy. The specific content of each step is introduced in detail below.

The air-conditioning load control strategy in the given power consumption mode is a control strategy proposed in a big data environment, considering the execution of various input and output demand response commands and the generation of control commands;

Step 1) Air-conditioning units for home users and small industrial and commercial users can use a simplified equivalent thermal parameter model (equivalentthermalparameters, ETP) to represent their thermodynamic principles. According to the thermodynamic model of air-conditioning, the relationship between indoor temperature T and time t relation:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Delta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; C</span>}}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ,</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In the formula: s is the state of the air conditioner, 1 means off, 0 means on; is the indoor temperature at time t; is the outdoor temperature at (t+1) moment; Δt is the control time interval, R is the thermal resistance of the air conditioner, C is the heat capacity of the air conditioner; η is the energy efficiency ratio of the air conditioner; P is the rated cooling power consumption of the air conditioner, the unit is kW, ηP is the rated cooling capacity of the air conditioner; T _RC is the time constant; t is the time, e is the natural constant, is the indoor temperature at time t+1.

Step 2) Considering the working characteristics of the air conditioner, the air conditioner load control process must meet the user's comfort requirements, that is, the room temperature range [T ^- , T ⁺ ], and the user's room temperature should not exceed this range. When the room temperature is closer to T ⁺ , the longer the corresponding air-conditioning load can be shut down, the air-conditioner reaches the minimum temperature setting T ^- , then enters the "off" state, and reaches the maximum value T _out , then enters the "on" state, as shown in the following formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&Greater\; Equal;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>}\\ \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}\\ \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; S</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>& \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; s</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; l</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; e</span>}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

In the formula: s represents the working state of the air conditioner, S(t) represents the working state of the air conditioner at time t, and S(t-1) represents the working state of the air conditioner at time t-1.

Set the rated power of the air conditioner as P, and the outdoor ambient temperature in the control period is a constant value T _out :

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; f</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 3</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; u</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; t</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&eta;</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; P</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; R</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&epsiv;</span>}}^{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&tau;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; o</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 4</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

τ _c ＝τ _on +τ _off (5)

In the formula: T ⁺ , T ^- represent the upper limit and lower limit of the temperature in the control cycle of the air conditioner; τ _on represents the time the air conditioner is on in a working cycle; τ _off represents the time in which the air conditioner is off in a working cycle; τ _c represents the time of a working cycle; ε is the heat dissipation function, ε=e ^-Δt/RC ;

Therefore, the time τ _c in this load control cycle and the time τ _off when the air conditioner is turned _on and off can be calculated from the above formula, and then the actual power and actual electricity cost of the air conditioner in this load control cycle can be calculated. The duty cycle of the air conditioner working state for:

Step 3) According to the satisfaction degree of human body comfort and the cost economy of electricity cost of air conditioner, a specific expression form expressing the satisfaction degree of human body comfort μ ₁ and the economy of electricity cost μ ₂ can be established.

${\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&mu;</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\left\{\begin{array}{cc}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ></span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}\\ {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; aT</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; bT</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; c</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&le;</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; m</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; a</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; x</span>}}\\ \mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}& {\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; i</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; no</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; <</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; T</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; min</span>}}\end{array}\right.<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 6</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>$

μ ₁ represents human comfort satisfaction; T _max and T _min are the upper and lower limits of the indoor temperature acceptable to the user respectively; T _in represents the value of the indoor temperature; a, b, c represent user parameters set according to user preferences.

In the formula: μ ₂ represents the electricity cost economy of the air conditioner; P is the rated power of the air conditioner; S _min and S _max are the minimum and maximum values of the electricity cost of the air conditioner that the user can accept; λ is the real-time value issued by the power company electricity price; is the duty cycle of the air conditioner working state.

Step 4) Denote the length of the optimization interval as L, and divide it into N time slots of equal duration. Based on the above, with T _min ≤ T _in ≤ T _max , As a constraint condition, within a certain optimization pick-up, the comprehensive satisfaction (μ ₁ +μ ₂ ) is optimized by adjusting the change of electricity price, and the model for calculating the comprehensive satisfaction is established, as shown in the following formula:

max(αμ ₁ +βμ ₂ )(8)

In the formula: α and β respectively represent the weights of human comfort satisfaction and electricity cost economy in the user's comprehensive satisfaction; max(αμ ₁ +βμ ₂ ) means that the user's comprehensive satisfaction is maximized in each time period.

Step 5) According to the above premise, establish a comprehensive control strategy for the user on the power consumption mode of the air conditioner. In the automatic demand response project, the power grid company can adjust the size of the electricity price to affect the change of the cost economy of the electricity fee, and under the constraint of the maximum comprehensive satisfaction (μ ₁ +μ ₂ ), find out the corresponding electricity price condition through optimization. The power consumption mode of the air conditioner can be determined to determine the duty cycle of the air conditioner when it is working, so as to control the power consumption mode of the air conditioner, so as to determine the reduction of the air conditioner load that can be controlled by the change of the electricity price. It can be realized that during the implementation of the power grid demand response project, by adjusting the level of electricity prices, the comprehensive satisfaction of users can always be maximized, and a certain effect of reducing or increasing load can be achieved.

Step 6) Example analysis of the air-conditioning load control strategy: the outdoor temperature is constant, the electricity price signal changes, and the air-conditioning power consumption mode is automatically adjusted to the state that optimizes the overall satisfaction of users.

The actual operating parameters of the air conditioner and their satisfaction related parameter settings: (T ⁺ -T ^- ) = 1°C; the heat dissipation function of the air conditioner ε = 0.96; the values of a, b, c, T _min , and T _max in formula (6) are respectively taken as -0.0067, 0.2733, -1.8; P, S _min , S _max in formula (7) are 2.5kw, 0, 2 respectively; N, α, β in formula (8) are 24, 0.8, 1.2 respectively.

The time period from 13:00 to 14:00 is selected for optimization, T _out ≡ 36°C; the electricity price signal λ changes, and other parameters remain unchanged. The results are shown in Table 1:

Table 1 Electricity price changes, automatic response results of air-conditioning power consumption mode

According to the relationship between air-conditioning duty cycle and indoor temperature under the adjustment of electricity price in Table 1, the relationship between electricity price and comfort satisfaction, economic satisfaction, and overall user satisfaction can be obtained, as shown in Table 2. Different electricity price levels The duty cycle and average power of the air conditioner under the condition of the optimal comprehensive satisfaction under the condition of optimal comprehensive satisfaction. With the help of this numerical relationship, the power company can change the power demand of the air conditioner by adjusting the electricity price, and realize the load scheduling of the air conditioner.

Table 2 User satisfaction under electricity price adjustment

When the electricity price is 1.4 yuan/kW·h, its electricity cost and set temperature have exceeded the maximum, so its comfort satisfaction and economic satisfaction are both 0. According to the results in Table 1, Figure 2 can be obtained. In Figure 2, the abscissa is the electricity sales price (yuan/kw h), and the ordinate is the corresponding air-conditioning duty cycle and the corresponding indoor temperature (°C).

According to Table 2, Figure 3 can be obtained. In Figure 3, the abscissa represents the price of electricity sales (yuan/kW·h), and the ordinate represents the corresponding satisfaction value, where the red curve represents economic satisfaction, and the black curve Indicates human comfort satisfaction, and the blue curve indicates comprehensive satisfaction.

It can be seen from Figure 2 that in the case of floating electricity prices, with the continuous increase of electricity prices, in order to ensure that the comprehensive satisfaction of users is still the largest under the new conditions, the power consumption mode of the air conditioner is automatically adjusted, and the duty cycle of the air conditioner is gradually reduced. The relationship between the duty cycle and the electricity price is almost a linear function The duty cycle of the air conditioner can reach 62% with the adjustment range of the electricity price. For a single air conditioner (2500W), the adjustable range can reach 1552W, so it has a great potential for demand response.

It can be seen from Figure 3 that when the outdoor temperature is constant, with the gradual increase of the electricity price, the economic satisfaction gradually decreases, and the higher the electricity price, the slower the decline; the human comfort satisfaction also declines to a certain extent, and the higher the electricity price , the faster its decline; in the process of electricity price rising from 0.2 (yuan/kW·h) to 1.3 (yuan/kW·h), although the comprehensive satisfaction remained optimal under the electricity price at that time, with the increase of electricity price increased, and gradually decreased as a whole.

The results of the example show that this method can fully consider the multiple influences of user comfort and economy, and on this basis calculate the adjustable ability of the user's comprehensive satisfaction; The dynamic impact of power consumption patterns, especially the control of electricity prices on the power consumption patterns of air conditioners, has unearthed the large demand response potential of fixed-frequency air conditioners, which provides a basis for the realization of household energy Internet, power market operation, and automatic demand response projects at the grid level. A more feasible theoretical support.

Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application rather than to limit the scope of protection thereof. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, those of ordinary skill in the art should understand that: After reading this application, those skilled in the art can still make various changes, modifications or equivalent replacements to the specific implementation methods of the application, but these changes, modifications or equivalent replacements are all within the protection scope of the pending claims of the application.

Claims (7)

1. based on a load optimal control method for air conditioning electricity pattern, it is characterized in that, described method comprises: (1) sets up the time dependent functional relation of indoor temperature;

(2) dutycycle of air-conditioning work state is determined;

(3) human comfort's satisfaction quantitative model and electric cost economy quantitative model is set up;

(4) Optimized model of user's comprehensive satisfaction is set up;

(5) the comprehensive regulation strategy of air conditioning electricity pattern is set up.

2. control method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the time dependent functional relation of described indoor temperature is:

$\left\{\begin{array}{c}{T}_{in}^{t+1}=T_{out}^{t+1}-(T_{out}^{t+1}-T_{in}^t)e^{-\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}t}{T_{RC}}},s=1\\ T_{in}^{t+1}=T_{out}^{t+1}-\mathrm{\&eta;}PR-(T_{out}^{t+1}-\mathrm{\&eta;}PR-T_{in}^t)e^{-\frac{\mathrm{\&Delta;}t}{T_{RC}}},s=0\end{array}\right.---\left(1\right)$

In formula: s is the state of air-conditioning, 1 represents closedown, and 0 represents unlatching; for the indoor temperature of t; for the outdoor temperature in (t+1) moment; Δ t is control time interval, and R is the thermal resistance of air-conditioning, and C is the thermal capacitance of air-conditioning; η is air-conditioning Energy Efficiency Ratio; P is the specified refrigeration consumed power of air-conditioning, the specified refrigerating capacity of unit to be kW, η P be air-conditioning; T _rCfor time constant; T is the time, and e is natural constant, for the indoor temperature in t+1 moment.

3. control method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the calculating of the dutycycle of described air-conditioning work state comprises:

The rated power of setting air-conditioning is P, and in the cycle of operation of air-conditioning, outdoor environment temperature is steady state value T _out:

$T^{+}=T_{out}(1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{off}})+T^{-}{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{off}}---\left(2\right)$

$T^{-}=(T_{out}-\mathrm{\&eta;}PR)(1-{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{on}})+T^{-}{\mathrm{\&epsiv;}}^{{\mathrm{\&tau;}}_{on}}---\left(3\right)$

τ _c＝τ _on+τ _off(4)

In formula: T ⁺, T ^-represent the upper and lower bound of air-conditioner temperature in control cycle; τ _onrepresent that in the work period, air-conditioning is in the time of open state; τ _offrepresent that in the work period, air-conditioning is in the time of the state of closing down; τ _crepresent the time of a work period; ε is heat radiation function, ε=e ^{-Δ t/RC};

The dutycycle of described air-conditioning work state

4. control method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described human comfort's satisfaction quantitative model:

${\mathrm{\&mu;}}_1=\left\{\begin{array}{cc}0& T_{in}>T_{max}\\ {\mathrm{aT}}_{in}^2+{\mathrm{bT}}_{in}+c& T_{\min }\&le;T_{in}\&le;T_{max}\\ 1& T_{in}<T_{\min }\end{array}\right.---\left(5\right)$

μ ₁represent human comfort's satisfaction; T _max, T _minbe respectively user the upper and lower bound of receptible indoor temperature; T _inrepresent the value of indoor temperature; A, b, c represent the customer parameter arranged according to user preference.

5. control method as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described electric cost economy quantitative model:

In formula: μ ₂represent the electric cost economy of air-conditioning; P is the rated power of air-conditioning; S _min, S _maxby minimum of a value and the maximum of the receptible air conditioning electricity cost of user; λ is the Spot Price that Utilities Electric Co. issues; for the dutycycle of air-conditioning work state.

6. control method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described user's comprehensive satisfaction is determined by human comfort's satisfaction and electric cost economy, comprising:

If one day N number of optimization period, for each optimize period, have as shown in the formula:

max(αμ ₁+βμ ₂)(7)

Constraints: T _min≤ T _ti≤ T _max

μ ₁represent human comfort's satisfaction; μ ₂represent electric cost economy; α, β represent the weight of user's comprehensive satisfaction shared by human comfort's satisfaction and electric cost economy respectively; T _inrepresent indoor temperature;

T _min, T _maxby lower limit and the upper limit of the receptible indoor temperature of user; S _min, S _maxby minimum of a value and the maximum of the receptible air conditioning electricity cost of user; P is the rated power of air-conditioning; λ is the Spot Price that Utilities Electric Co. issues, and change per hour once; for the dutycycle of air-conditioning work state; Max (α μ ₁+ β μ ₂) represent within each period, make user's comprehensive satisfaction maximum.

7. control method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described comprehensive regulation strategy, comprising: by adjust electricity price size and at comprehensive satisfaction (μ ₁+ μ ₂) under maximum constraint, find out the air conditioning electricity pattern corresponding to this electricity price condition by optimizing.