CN105453902A - Olive xenoplastic grafting method - Google Patents

Olive xenoplastic grafting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105453902A
CN105453902A CN201510798456.1A CN201510798456A CN105453902A CN 105453902 A CN105453902 A CN 105453902A CN 201510798456 A CN201510798456 A CN 201510798456A CN 105453902 A CN105453902 A CN 105453902A
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China
Prior art keywords
grafting
stock
olive
scion
time
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CN201510798456.1A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
何娟
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Huaying Shuanghe No4 Junior Middle School
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Huaying Shuanghe No4 Junior Middle School
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Priority to CN201510798456.1A priority Critical patent/CN105453902A/en
Publication of CN105453902A publication Critical patent/CN105453902A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an olive xenoplastic grafting method comprising the following steps of (1) preparing tung tree stock, (2) selecting scions,(3) grafting and (4) managing. After grafting, soil has to be maintained moisty and moisture is prevented from invading a joint; when the olive sprouts on the stock under a grafting joint, the sprouts have to be immediately eliminated; terminal buds on main branches and side branches on the stock over the grafting joint have to be eliminated; and the stock has to be cut immediately when scions sprouts. The olive xenoplastic grafting method further comprises step (5) in which, when grafting seedlings grow to one meter, the top is broken; and two to three pairs of buds are remained for continuously growing into main branches. In the method, tung trees are employed for stock grafting olive; the tung trees has fast growth speed, can prevent diseases and pests and resist drought and waterlogging; high grafting rate can be achieved with more than 88%; a new method is provided for olive grafting; and the olive xenoplastic grafting method is simple, easy to operate and suitable for large-scale promotion and use.

Description

A kind of method of olive heteroplastic graft
Technical field
The invention belongs to breeding plant field, be specifically related to a kind of method of olive heteroplastic graft.
Background technology
Olive (Oleaeuropaea.) is Oleaceae Olea aiphyllium, that world-renowned woody oleiferous plants is held concurrently really with seeds, cultivar has higher edibility, containing enriching kind of high-quality edible plant oil---olive oil, for famous subtropical fruit tree and Important Economic forest, mainly be distributed in mediterranean country, Greece, Italy, Tunisia, Spain are for concentrating the place of production.For evergreen dungarunga, Gao Keda 10 meters; Bark grey.Branch grey or taupe, closely cylindrical, scattered circular hole skin, sprig tool corner angle, close by silver gray scale, joint place slightly flattens.Blade keratin, lanceolar is that oval shape is oval or avette sometimes, long 1.5-6 centimetre, wide 0.5-1.5 centimetre, the sharp point of tip is point extremely gradually, the little spur of tool, base portion is narrow or wedge shape gradually, Quan Yuan, leaf margin warp, bottle green above, slightly by silver gray scale, below light green color, close by silver gray scale, two sides without hair, middle arteries and veins on two sides protruding or above nick enter, lateral vein is very obvious, 5-11 couple, in microprotrusion above; The long 2-5 millimeter of petiole, close by silver gray scale, both sides are downward becomes narrow rib on stem, upper mask shallow ridges.Panicle armpit is raw or top is raw, and long 2-4 centimetre is short compared with leaf; The long 0.5-2 centimetre of peduncle, by silver gray scale; Bract lanceolar or avette, long 0.5-2 millimeter; Bennet is short, long 0-1 millimeter; Spend fragrance, white, both sexes; Calyx cup-shaped, long 1-1.5 millimeter, shallow split or be close to cut a shape; The long 3-4 millimeter of corolla, drastic crack is several reaches base portion, sliver Long Circle, long 2.5-3 millimeter, wide about 1.5 millimeters, the blunt or sharp point of tip, and edge is involute; Filigree is flat, is about 1 millimeter, flower pesticide ovum shape triangle, long 1.8-2 millimeter; Ovary is spherical, and without hair, style is short, is about 0.3 millimeter, and column cap head, 2 split.Fruit is oval, long 1.6-2.5 centimetre, footpath 1-2 centimetre, is black-and-blue time ripe.The florescence 4-5 month, the fruit phase 6-9 month.
The olive tree cold resistance of some kind is comparatively strong, forms injury as the low temperature in short-term of-8 ~-10 DEG C are also unlikely to tree body, but can not be lasting.The olive spray once endure cold, its thawing rate is very slow, can not enter vegetative period very soon, form freeze injury.At least continue tens hours at close to the temperature of zero degree, be conducive to its flower bud differentiation, thus lay the first stone for good harvest.Olive is to the not special requirement of its soil grown, as long as pH value is between 6.5-8.0, loosing soil is breathed freely, and no matter is can grow in silicon earth or in calcium soil.
The breeding method of olive has cuttage, press strip, sowing and grafting, and propagation by layering quantity is few, can not meet need of production.Seed propagation, because seedling can not keep former breediness mostly, a part of excellent strain can only be selected on producing to do, and other seedling generally all uses as graft stock.Cuttage, also cannot spread by the impact of survival rate.Although the grafting technology of olive is comparatively ripe, existing is all generally adopt homoplastic graft, causes having little significance after grafting, if can select non-stock of the same race, just can form mutual supplement with each other's advantages, but also do not have the report of heteroplastic graft olive now.。
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind of method of olive heteroplastic graft.
Technical scheme of the present invention is: a kind of method of olive heteroplastic graft, comprises following measure:
(1) tung oil tree stock prepares: 2 ~ March presses line-spacing 20 ~ 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 10 ~ l5 centimetre program request tung oil tree seed on the ground in whole good garden, earthing 3 ~ 4 centimetres, broadcast rear about germination for about 1 month to be unearthed, timely weeding in seedling stage, to loosen the soil, first 20 days of seed sprouting, every even sprinkling 0.1% concentration per mu, if so weed killer herbicide 45 milliliters, covers the seed soil basseted; When seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, should transplant seedlings in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, and water permeable fertilising, when seedling grows 5-7 true leaves, nitrogenous fertilizer concentration of topdressing for the first time is 0.5%, and every mu is applied fertilizer 3 kilograms, apply fertilizer according to seedling growth situation later, as height of seedling 30-40cm, terminal bud is wiped out, just can grafting when stock bar rugosity reaches 1-1.4cm.
(2) selection of scion: from blossoming and bearing fruit, robust growth, take in tree crown periphery without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, the full intact annual vegetative shoot of top axillalry bud, the scion of plucking is soaked 8-10 hour at the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 300-400PPM.
(3) grafting: the annual 25-4 month in March 5, cortex of only pruning in scion front, does not hinder xylem, cut the long 1.6-1.8cm of mouth, it is 45 degree that a cutter is cut in lower end, the back side, stock brilliance place, and vertical layer of peeling does not hinder xylem, long 2-2.4cm, scion being inserted stock cuts in mouth, aims at and forms layer, bind with plastic tape, scion band bud 2-3, the long 3.5-5cm of scion.
(4) manage: will keep ground moistening after grafting, and prevent moisture content from invading interface, when on the following stock of grafting mouth during rudiment, wipe out in time, the major branch on the above stock of grafting mouth, the terminal bud of side shoot will be wiped out, when the anvil that will break in time after scion rudiment.
(5), when grafting grows to one meter high, carry out disconnected top, the 2-3 that selects and remain, to bud continued growth, is trained major branch.
Further, the disconnected anvil described in step (4) carries out at twice: first time, 10cm place above grafting mouth cut off, and was tied up by sprouting and held up on broken pile, allow sprouting vertical growth, when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, carry out the disconnected anvil of second time, the broken pile retained all is wiped out from transferring interface.
The present invention compared with prior art tool has the following advantages:
Employing tung oil tree of the present invention is as stock grafting olive, and tung oil tree has fast growth, disease and insect resistance, fighting drought, graft survival rate of the present invention is high, reaches more than 88%, grafting for olive provides a kind of new method, and the method is simple, easy to operate, and suit large area to popularize use.
Embodiment
A method for olive heteroplastic graft, comprises following measure:
(1) tung oil tree stock prepares: 2 ~ March presses line-spacing 20 ~ 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 10 ~ l5 centimetre program request tung oil tree seed on the ground in whole good garden, earthing 3 ~ 4 centimetres, broadcast rear about germination for about 1 month to be unearthed, timely weeding in seedling stage, to loosen the soil, first 20 days of seed sprouting, every even sprinkling 0.1% concentration per mu, if so weed killer herbicide 45 milliliters, covers the seed soil basseted; When seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, should transplant seedlings in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, and water permeable fertilising, when seedling grows 5-7 true leaves, nitrogenous fertilizer concentration of topdressing for the first time is 0.5%, and every mu is applied fertilizer 3 kilograms, apply fertilizer according to seedling growth situation later, as height of seedling 30-40cm, terminal bud is wiped out, just can grafting when stock bar rugosity reaches 1-1.4cm.
(2) selection of scion: from blossoming and bearing fruit, robust growth, take in tree crown periphery without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, the full intact annual vegetative shoot of top axillalry bud, the scion of plucking is soaked 8-10 hour at the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 300-400PPM.
(3) grafting: the annual 25-4 month in March 5, cortex of only pruning in scion front, does not hinder xylem, cut the long 1.6-1.8cm of mouth, it is 45 degree that a cutter is cut in lower end, the back side, stock brilliance place, and vertical layer of peeling does not hinder xylem, long 2-2.4cm, scion being inserted stock cuts in mouth, aims at and forms layer, bind with plastic tape, scion band bud 2-3, the long 3.5-5cm of scion.
(4) manage: will keep ground moistening after grafting, and prevent moisture content from invading interface, when on the following stock of grafting mouth during rudiment, wipe out in time, the major branch on the above stock of grafting mouth, the terminal bud of side shoot will be wiped out, when the anvil that will break in time after scion rudiment.Disconnected anvil carries out at twice: first time, 10cm place above grafting mouth cut off, and was tied up by sprouting and held up on broken pile, allow sprouting vertical growth, when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, carrying out second time and to break anvil, all being wiped out by the broken pile retained from transferring interface.
(5), when grafting grows to one meter high, carry out disconnected top, the 2-3 that selects and remain, to bud continued growth, is trained major branch.
The above embodiment only have expressed the embodiment of the application, and it describes comparatively concrete and detailed, but therefore can not be interpreted as the restriction to the application's protection domain.It should be pointed out that for the person of ordinary skill of the art, under the prerequisite not departing from technical scheme design, can also make some distortion and improvement, these all belong to the protection domain of the application.

Claims (2)

1. a method for olive heteroplastic graft, is characterized in that, comprises following measure:
(1) tung oil tree stock prepares: 2 ~ March presses line-spacing 20 ~ 30 centimetres, spacing in the rows 10 ~ l5 centimetre program request tung oil tree seed on the ground in whole good garden, earthing 3 ~ 4 centimetres, broadcast rear about germination for about 1 month to be unearthed, timely weeding in seedling stage, to loosen the soil, first 20 days of seed sprouting, every even sprinkling 0.1% concentration per mu, if so weed killer herbicide 45 milliliters, covers the seed soil basseted; When seedling grows 3 ~ 4 true leaves, should transplant seedlings in time and fill the gaps with seedlings, and water permeable fertilising, when seedling grows 5-7 true leaves, nitrogenous fertilizer concentration of topdressing for the first time is 0.5%, and every mu is applied fertilizer 3 kilograms, apply fertilizer according to seedling growth situation later, as height of seedling 30-40cm, terminal bud is wiped out, just can grafting when stock bar rugosity reaches 1-1.4cm;
(2) selection of scion: from blossoming and bearing fruit, robust growth, take in tree crown periphery without the elite stand of damage by disease and insect, the full intact annual vegetative shoot of top axillalry bud, the scion of plucking is soaked 8-10 hour at the methyl α-naphthyl acetate of 300-400PPM;
(3) grafting: the annual 25-4 month in March 5, cortex of only pruning in scion front, does not hinder xylem, cut the long 1.6-1.8cm of mouth, it is 45 degree that a cutter is cut in lower end, the back side, stock brilliance place, and vertical layer of peeling does not hinder xylem, long 2-2.4cm, scion being inserted stock cuts in mouth, aims at and forms layer, bind with plastic tape, scion band bud 2-3, the long 3.5-5cm of scion;
(4) manage: will keep ground moistening after grafting, and prevent moisture content from invading interface, when on the following stock of grafting mouth during rudiment, wipe out in time, the major branch on the above stock of grafting mouth, the terminal bud of side shoot will be wiped out, when the anvil that will break in time after scion rudiment;
(5), when grafting grows to one meter high, carry out disconnected top, the 2-3 that selects and remain, to bud continued growth, is trained major branch.
2. the method for a kind of olive heteroplastic graft according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, disconnected anvil described in step (4) carries out at twice: first time, 10cm place above grafting mouth cut off, being tied up by sprouting holds up on broken pile, allow sprouting vertical growth, when sprouting grows to 20-30cm, carry out the disconnected anvil of second time, the broken pile retained all is wiped out from transferring interface.
CN201510798456.1A 2015-11-19 2015-11-19 Olive xenoplastic grafting method Pending CN105453902A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416896A (en) * 2016-10-08 2017-02-22 鲁东大学 Method for improving disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield of vernicia fordii
CN107223459A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-10-03 易门县康蓉油橄榄农业种植专业合作社 A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method with many spirits
CN108094021A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-01 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 Olive seeding growing seedlings method
CN115349362A (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-11-18 中南林业科技大学 Method for grafting and seedling raising of tung tree bud stocks

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CN102388736A (en) * 2011-07-29 2012-03-28 中山佳大农业科技有限公司 Method for quickly propagating olive micro-bodies
CN102612961A (en) * 2012-03-30 2012-08-01 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 Method for cultivating olive seedlings
US20140360096A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2014-12-11 PELLENC (Société Anonyme) Method for controlling the planting of olive trees for the continuous mechanical harvesting of the olives
CN104429855A (en) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 青川县青源林农产品开发有限责任公司 Cutting cultivating method for improved variety of olive

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CN102388736A (en) * 2011-07-29 2012-03-28 中山佳大农业科技有限公司 Method for quickly propagating olive micro-bodies
US20140360096A1 (en) * 2011-12-23 2014-12-11 PELLENC (Société Anonyme) Method for controlling the planting of olive trees for the continuous mechanical harvesting of the olives
CN102612961A (en) * 2012-03-30 2012-08-01 凉山州中泽新技术开发有限责任公司 Method for cultivating olive seedlings
CN104429855A (en) * 2014-12-05 2015-03-25 青川县青源林农产品开发有限责任公司 Cutting cultivating method for improved variety of olive

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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106416896A (en) * 2016-10-08 2017-02-22 鲁东大学 Method for improving disease resistance, lodging resistance and yield of vernicia fordii
CN107223459A (en) * 2017-06-27 2017-10-03 易门县康蓉油橄榄农业种植专业合作社 A kind of grafting seedlings-growing method with many spirits
CN108094021A (en) * 2017-12-21 2018-06-01 中国林业科学研究院林业研究所 Olive seeding growing seedlings method
CN115349362A (en) * 2022-02-11 2022-11-18 中南林业科技大学 Method for grafting and seedling raising of tung tree bud stocks
WO2023151380A1 (en) * 2022-02-11 2023-08-17 中南林业科技大学 Method for grafted seedlings of bud seedling stock of vernicia fordii
CN115349362B (en) * 2022-02-11 2023-09-15 中南林业科技大学 Method for grafting and raising seedlings of tung oil tree buds
US12349636B2 (en) 2022-02-11 2025-07-08 Central South University Of Forestry And Technology Method for cultivating tung tree seedling by hypocotyl grafting

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