CN105582001A - 一种虾青素组合物、制剂及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种虾青素组合物、制剂及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN105582001A CN105582001A CN201510999841.2A CN201510999841A CN105582001A CN 105582001 A CN105582001 A CN 105582001A CN 201510999841 A CN201510999841 A CN 201510999841A CN 105582001 A CN105582001 A CN 105582001A
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- Prior art keywords
- astaxanthin
- composition
- oil
- preparation
- acid
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- 239000001168 astaxanthin Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 78
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Landscapes
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种虾青素组合物、制剂及其制备方法，属于抗氧化化学品技术领域。虾青素组合物包含有按重量份计的虾青素5～80份、不饱和脂肪酸5～10份、海藻糖5～10份、维生素E？15～20份。本发明，能够提供保存稳定性优异的含虾青素的组合物及其制造方法以及含有该含虾青素的组合物的保存稳定性优异的饲料、食品、饮料、药品、化妆品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种虾青素组合物、制剂及其制备方法，属于抗氧化化学品技术领域。
背景技术
抗氧化剂营养物质包括多种能够消除有害自由基的化合物，并且包括某些通常已知的维生素，如维生素A、维生素C和维生素E。虾青素是一种含氧胡萝卜素或α-羟基-酮类胡萝卜素，是一种有效的抗氧化剂。虾青素对某些活性氧的抗氧化活性高于β-胡萝卜素、叶黄素、黄体素、α-生育酚，近年的研究表明，虾青素具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤和增强免疫力等许多重要的生理和生物学功能，其抗氧化性能比维生素E强100～500倍，比胡萝卜素强10倍以上，动物试验表明虾青素有抗肿瘤、抗紫外辐射、增强免疫功能，是水生动物的强抗氧化剂和脂质过氧化的抑制剂；可以抑制老年斑的形成，对眼科疾病、心血管疾病和类风湿性关节炎也有缓解作用。
但是，虾青素为疏水性的物质，在环境中很容易被氧化，不耐高温高压，所以虾青素的应用受到了限制。现有技术中在制备有关虾青素载体时，一般将虾青素油溶解在丙酮等有机溶剂，并采用高压均质机以及超声破碎仪从外界输入能量，由于虾青素本身容易氧化，不耐受高温高压，所以用特别剧烈的条件生产会造成生产过程中的损失。
发明内容
对含有虾青素的组合物保存稳定性需要进一步提高，因此本发明提供了一种能够具有较好稳定性的虾青素组合物、制剂。
根据本发明的第一个方面：
虾青素组合物，包含有按重量份计的虾青素5～80份、不饱和脂肪酸5～10份、海藻糖5～10份、维生素E15～20份。
上述的组合物，所述的不饱和脂肪酸选自二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、鱼油、亚麻籽油、琉璃苣油、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、γ-亚麻酸(GLA)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)或者锯叶棕提取物。
上述的组合物，虾青素选自天然提取的或者是合成的虾青素，其质量含量在0.5wt％以上，优选30wt％以上，再优选80wt％以上。
根据本发明的第二个方面，包含有上述虾青素组合物的制剂。
所述的制剂，剂型选自油剂、乳化剂、粉末剂、胶囊剂。
上述油剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：虾青素组合物与油混合均匀成分散液，进行研磨，再加入油混合至规定浓度；所述的油是食用油。
虾青素组合物在油剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
上述乳化剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：虾青素组合物与油剂混合均匀，作为油相，再加入水相进行乳化，得到乳化液；所述的油相和水相质量比为0.1:99.9～50:50虾青素组合物在乳化剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
上述粉末剂的制备方法，包括如下步骤：将虾青素组合物与水或者有机溶剂混合均匀，经过研磨后，再进行干燥；虾青素组合物在粉末剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
根据本发明的第四个方面，包括有上述虾青素组合物的饲料、食品、饮料、药品、化妆品。
有益效果
根据本发明，能够提供保存稳定性优异的含虾青素的组合物及其制造方法以及含有该含虾青素的组合物的保存稳定性优异的饲料、食品、饮料、药品、化妆品。
本发明所述的虾青素组合物中，主要包含有按重量份计的：虾青素5～80份、不饱和脂肪酸5～10份、海藻糖5～10份、维生素E15～20份。
作为本发明的虾青素，包含虾青素及虾青素的酯等衍生物中的至少一种。只要本发明中没有特别说明，则将它们总称作“虾青素”。本发明中使用的虾青素除了植物类、藻类及细菌等天然物的虾青素之外，只要是根据常规方法获得的则可以使用任意虾青素。所述虾青素也可作为从含有虾青素的天然物以分离/提取物形式获得的含虾青素的油含有在本发明的组合物中。所述虾青素进一步还可根据需要对来自该天然物的分离/提取物进行适当精制而得到，所述天然物可以举出例如绿藻红球藻、海洋性细菌、磷虾等。作为所述虾青素，从品质、生产率的角度出发特别优选从红球藻提取的物质(也称作红球藻提取物)及磷虾来源的色素。红球藻提取物可如下获得：将上述原料细胞壁粉碎，添加丙酮、醚、氯仿及醇(乙醇、甲醇等)等有机溶剂或超临界状态的二氧化碳等提取溶剂、进行提取，从而获得。另外也可以是合成品。
本发明中所采用的海藻糖可显著提高组合物中的虾青素的稳定性，其海藻糖作为佐剂能有效提高贮藏寿命、老化稳定性和氧化稳定性。海藻糖，是葡萄糖和果糖构成的二糖，蔗糖的同分异构体，主要通过蔗糖的异构化来获得。但是对于水状和油状物中时，海藻糖容易出现随着温度的变化而团聚结晶的问题，会导致防降解作用不高。并通过加入不饱和脂肪酸的方式能够显著地改变海藻糖的团聚问题，提高其作用效果；本发明中所采用的不饱和脂肪酸，可以选自二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、鱼油、亚麻籽油、琉璃苣油、α-亚麻酸(ALA)、γ-亚麻酸(GLA)、共轭亚油酸(CLA)和锯叶棕提取物。
本发明中所提供的维生素E，是一种天然的抗氧化剂，其具有抗氧化作用，同时也具有较好的油溶和分散性，对于油状和乳化状的虾青素组合物的分散性和稳定性也可以起到较好的效果。
本发明主要通过虾青素、不饱和脂肪酸、海藻糖、维生素E之间的相互协同作用从整体上提高制剂的稳定性和分散性。
本发明的组合物，除了上述的成分之外，根据实际的应用需要，还可以包含其它的添加物组分，所述的添加物组分可以包含一种或多种适合食物的其他组分。这些包括抗氧化剂、乳化剂、防腐剂、甜味剂、香精、pH调节剂等。添加物组分在与组合物混合后的混合物所占的重量百分比范围可以为最大89wt％，例如10～89wt％，更优选是20～75wt％。
抗氧化剂的可以采用生育酚类如α-生育酚、α-生育酚棕榈酸酯、α-生育酚乙酸酯，叔丁基羟基甲苯，叔丁基羟基茴香醚，抗坏血酸、其盐和酯，例如抗坏血酸钠、抗坏血酸钙、抗坏血酰磷酸酯、抗坏血酸的脂肪酸酯如抗坏血酰硬脂酸酯和抗坏血酰棕榈酸酯以及乙氧基喹。
乳化剂的实例尤其是亲油性分散剂，例如是抗坏血酸的脂肪酸酯如抗坏血酰棕榈酸酯，聚甘油脂肪酸酯如聚甘油-3-聚蓖麻醇酸酯，脱水山梨醇脂肪酸酯，尤其是脱水山梨醇C10～C28脂肪酸酯。
作为pH调节剂，可被包括在本发明的制剂组合物中以提高或降低本发明的制剂组合物的pH。所述制剂组合物的pH可被降低或提高，用于感官觉察的作用，或者用于改善理化特性，例如增加溶解的化合物的溶解度。pH调节剂可以是指酸化剂或碱化剂。例如，乳酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、氢氧化钾、氢氧化钙和氢氧化镁。
防腐剂，可任选地包括在本发明的制剂组合物中的防腐剂的非限定性实例包括：醋酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、山梨酸、二氧化硫、苯甲酸钾、山梨酸钾。
作为香精，优选使用1种或2种以上天然香精、合成香精等油脂香精和粉末香精，但并无特别限定。例如，冬青油、肉桂油、薄荷醇油、绿薄荷油、酸橙油、薰衣草油、草莓油、香兰酮
作为该甜味剂，优选常用甜味剂，例如从麦芽糖醇、蔗糖、葡萄糖、葡聚糖选出的至少1种。
作为本发明的组合物的形态，可以举出油状、乳化液状、粉末状等。作为乳化液状，优选为水包油型的乳化液状。粉末组合物例如可通过将乳化液状干燥来制备。
本发明的含虾青素的组合物为油状时，例如可以将规定量的组合物的各组分与油以任意的方式进行搅拌混合，也可以是采用常温或者加温的条件下进行；在一些实施方式中，可以将组合物的各组分先与油混合成悬浮液，将其进行研磨之后，再加入油进行稀释至所需浓度，这种方式可以保证最终的含油溶液中的组分具有较小的粒径，避免了组分的团聚并且可以使油的分散性得到提高，作为用于研磨的装置，可使用本领域熟练技术人员已知的常规装置，例如球磨机、珠磨机或胶体磨，其中在该悬浮液中的颗粒具有的D[4，3]颗粒平均粒度(体积加权平均直径)为0.5～50μm，特别是0.7～30μm，尤其是1～20μm。颗粒平均粒度特别为1.2～10μm。本发明组合物在油状物中所占的重量百分比可以是0.5～90％，也可以是20～70％，也可以是40～50％等。这里所用的油主要是食用油，食用油在本发明上下文中是指对食品允许的油，即对动物和/或人类营养允许的油。食用油可以是合成、矿物、植物或动物来源的。实例是植物油如豆油、棕榈油、棕榈仁油、向日葵子油、玉米胚芽油、亚麻子油、菜籽油、红花油、麦胚油、米糠油、椰子油、杏仁油、鳄梨油、霍霍巴油、榛子油、核桃油、花生油、乳香黄连木油、中链(C8～C10)植物脂肪酸的甘油三酯，此外还有半合成甘油三酯，例如辛酸/癸酸甘油三酯，此外还有牛油硬脂、石蜡油、硬脂酸甘油酯、肉豆蔻酸异丙基酯、己二酸二异丙基酯、2-乙基己酸乙酰硬脂基酯、液态氢化聚异丁烯、角鲨烷、角鲨烯，此外还有动物油和脂肪如鱼油，包括鲭鱼油、黍鲱鱼油、金枪鱼油、鲽鱼油、鳕鱼油和鲑鱼油以及羊毛脂。
本发明的含虾青素的组合物为粉末状时，可以采用将各个组分直接混合，并且可以根据实际需求在组合物中增加一些固体粉末填料，例如热解硅酸或硅胶，二氧化钛，氢氧化物如氢氧化铝，碳酸盐和碳酸氢盐如碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠、碳酸钾、碳酸镁和碳酸钙，硅酸盐如硅酸钠、硅酸镁、滑石、硅酸钙、硅酸锌，磷酸三钙，氯化钠，适合食物的粉末形式的材料，例如任选改性的多糖如淀粉、纤维素和甲基纤维素。本发明组合物在粉末状物中所占的重量百分比可以是0.5～90％，也可以是20～70％，也可以是40～50％等。上述的组合物粉末也可以是通过先将组合物分散于水或者有机溶剂中，再进行研磨后，通过干燥的方式所获得；有机溶剂可以选自甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、丙二醇、乙二醇甲基醚、1，2-丁二醇-1-甲基醚、1，2-丙二醇-1-正丙基醚、四氢呋喃或丙酮。组合物在分散成悬浮液时，组合物所占的质量百分比范围可以是30～90％，也可以是40～80％，也可以是50～60％等。另外，干燥可以根据由分散体生产粉末的常规方法进行。例如可以是喷雾干燥、喷雾冷却、冷冻干燥、喷雾配制或喷雾造粒，其中优选喷雾干燥和喷雾配制，即在流化床中流化的惰性粉末下喷雾干燥。
本发明的含虾青素的组合物为乳化液状时，作为本发明中使用的优选油剂，可以举出聚甘油硬脂酸酯、聚甘油油酸酯、聚甘油异硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯异硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯植物甾醇、乙基己酸鲸蜡酯、角鲨烷及油酸等。制备步骤可以是首先将虾青素组合物分散于油相中，必要时进行研磨，再将油相与水进行乳化分散，形成乳化液。乳化中的油相与水相的质量比并无特别限定，以油相/水相质量比为0.1:99.9～50:50、更优选为0.5:99.5～30:70、进一步优选为1:99～20:80；含虾青素的组合物在乳化剂中所占的质量百分比范围可以是0.5～90％、30～90％，也可以是40～80％，也可以是50～60％等。其中，乳化的步骤可以使用利用剪切作用的通常的乳化装置(例如搅拌器、叶轮搅拌、均质机、连续流通式剪切装置等)进行乳化，为了进一步地制成均匀的粒径的液滴，可进行多次。另外，关于乳化方法可以使用自然乳化法、界面化学乳化法、电乳化法、毛细管乳化法、机械乳化法、超声乳化法等。
本发明所提供的虾青素组合物可以应用于如动物饲料、人类营养食品、食物增补剂、药物或化妆品等。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式对本发明作进一步详细说明。但本领域技术人员将会理解，下列实施例仅用于说明本发明，而不应视为限定本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体技术或条件者，按照本领域内的文献所描述的技术或条件或者按照产品说明书进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者，均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
以范围形式表达的值应当以灵活的方式理解为不仅包括明确列举出的作为范围限值的数值，而且还包括涵盖在该范围内的所有单个数值或子区间，犹如每个数值和子区间被明确列举出。例如，“大约0.1％至约5％”的浓度范围应当理解为不仅包括明确列举出的约0.1％至约5％的浓度，还包括有所指范围内的单个浓度(如，1％、2％、3％和4％)和子区间(例如，0.1％至0.5％、1％至2.2％、3.3％至4.4％)。本文使用的词语“包括”、“包含”、“具有”或其任何其他变体意欲涵盖非排它性的包括。例如，包括列出要素的工艺、方法、物品或设备不必受限于那些要素，而是可以包括其他没有明确列出或属于这种工艺、方法、物品或设备固有的要素。
本实施例和对照例中，采用的各个组分混合而制成组合物，重量配比如下表所示，其中单位为重量份，不饱和脂肪酸采用二十二碳六烯酸。
制备方法是将各个组分按配比混合均匀即可。
实施例5油状组合物的制备
本实施例主要是采用上述的实施例1～4和对照例1～3虾青素组合物作为基础原料，进而制备成油状组合物。制备方法如下：按重量份计，将上述的虾青素组合物20份中加入15份的棕榈油，混合均匀之后，再在球磨机中以0.4bar压力研磨4遍，每遍研磨约10min，流速为60g/min(磨隙0.05mm，4180rpm，470ml，填充有0.2～0.4mm的ZrO2球)，研磨结束后，再加入45重量份的棕榈油混合均匀，再测定油状物的粒径。
粒度使用MalvernMastersizerS在22℃下测定。在测量之前使用研磨用油将通过研磨得到的虾青素衍生物的悬浮液稀释至浓度为0.05wt％。记录的数字为体均粒径D[4，3]。为了测定虾青素衍生物在可由本发明得到的悬浮液中的绝对含量，将该悬浮液溶于丙酮中，然后通过UV/VIS光谱法(200-800nm)在476nm(虾青素)下测定该溶液的消光。
为了比较稳定性，将上述的样品再各称100g置于小玻璃中，并同时密封，于50℃条件下保存7天，再进行相同的测试，并通过以下公式计算虾青素的降解率：
降解率％＝(初始样品的吸光度-7天后样品的吸光度)/初始样品的吸光度×100％。
从表中可以看出，本发明提供的虾青素组合物在油状条件下具有较好的稳定性，具有粒径小、降解率低的优点。其中对照例1中由于未加入不饱和脂肪酸，不能使海藻糖较好的分散，使得存储后粒径增大明显，团聚严重；而对照例2中由于未加入海藻糖，容易导致虾青素经过存储后出现降解；对照例3中没有加入海藻糖同样导致了样品的粒径较大的问题，但是粒径变大的程度不大。
实施例6乳化物的制备
本实施例主要是采用上述的实施例1～4和对照例1～3虾青素组合物作为基础原料，进而制备成乳化状组合物。制备方法如下：按重量份计，将上述的虾青素组合物10份中加入15份聚甘油异硬脂酸酯和15份乙基己酸鲸蜡酯中，升温至55℃混合均匀，作为油相；再将油相与水相50份混合后，在60℃下使用均质机将油相混合乳化到水相中，使粒子尺寸达到10.0μm～15.0μm，其中，粒子尺寸为用纯水将乳化组合物稀释至20倍，使用MalvernMastersizerS在22℃下测定体均粒径D[4，3]；并且采用高速柱色谱法进行测定虾青素的含量。
另外，各乳液，在刚制备后及在50℃的温度条件下保存7天后，使用将刚制备后的测定结果作为100％，计算在50℃的温度条件下保存7天后的虾青素含量。
为了比较稳定性，将上述的样品再各称100g置于小玻璃中，并同时密封，于50℃条件下保存7天，再进行相同的测试，并通过以下公式计算虾青素的降解率：
降解率％＝(初始样品的含量-7天后样品的含量)/初始样品的含量×100％。
从表中可以看出，本发明提供的虾青素组合物在乳化条件下仍然具有较好的稳定性。
实施例7粉末状组合物的制备
本实施例主要是采用上述的实施例1～4和对照例1～3虾青素组合物作为基础原料，进而制备成乳化状组合物。制备方法如下：按重量份计，将上述的虾青素组合物10份中加入30份乙醇中，升温至35℃混合均匀，再在球磨机中以0.4bar压力研磨4遍，每遍研磨约10min，流速为60g/min(磨隙0.05mm，4180rpm，470ml，填充有0.2～0.4mm的ZrO2球)，研磨结束后，减压蒸馏至体积减小1/3，再进行喷雾干燥后，得到粉末状组合物。
Claims (10)
1.虾青素组合物，其特征在于，包含有按重量份计的虾青素5～80份、不饱和脂肪酸5～10份、海藻糖5～10份、维生素E15～20份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的虾青素组合物，其特征在于：所述的不饱和脂肪酸选自二十二碳六烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、鱼油、亚麻籽油、琉璃苣油、α-亚麻酸、γ-亚麻酸、共轭亚油酸或者锯叶棕提取物。
3.根据权利要求1所述的虾青素组合物，其特征在于：虾青素选自天然提取的虾青素，其质量含量在0.5％wt以上；或虾青素选自合成的虾青素，其质量含量在20％wt以上。
4.包含有权利要求1所述的虾青素组合物的制剂。
5.根据权利要求4所述的制剂，其特征在于，剂型选自油剂、乳化剂、粉末剂、胶囊剂。
6.权利要求4所述的油剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：虾青素组合物与油混合均匀成分散液，进行研磨，再加入油混合至规定浓度；所述的油是食用油。
7.权利要求6所述的油剂的制备方法，其特征在于，虾青素组合物在油剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
8.权利要求4所述的乳化剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：虾青素组合物与油剂混合均匀，作为油相，再加入水相进行乳化，得到乳化液；所述的油相和水相质量比为0.1:99.9～50:50；虾青素组合物在乳化剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
9.权利要求4所述的粉末剂的制备方法，其特征在于，包括如下步骤：将青素组合物与水或者有机溶剂混合均匀，经过研磨后，再进行干燥；虾青素组合物在粉末剂中所占的重量百分比是0.5～90％。
10.包括有权利要求1所述的虾青素组合物的饲料、食品、饮料、药品、化妆品。
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