CN1056884C - 用蛋白质胶涂层软片鉴定筛选定量定位蛋白酶的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用蛋白质胶涂层的软片作底物鉴定、筛选、定量蛋白酶,特别是定位动植物蛋白酶的方法。采用透明胶片上附有明胶之类蛋白质胶及黑色银粒子层等的软片做底物,将待测试的新鲜组织采下压榨出汁或切片,把汁液滴到或切片紧贴到软片的药膜面上,一定时间后用清水冲洗,即可看到软片涂层被蛋白酶水解后出现的蚀空斑。根据蚀空斑是否出现及空斑的透明度大小即可判断或定位该测试组织是否含酶及含酶量的多少。本发明具有方法简单,成本低廉,适于野外操作等特点。
Description
本发明涉及一种用明胶之类蛋白质胶涂层软片作底物的鉴定、筛选、定量、定位蛋白酶的方法。
生物,尤其是微生物和植物蛋白酶往往具有资源丰富,价格低廉的特点,因而易被大量开发。如市场上销售的糜蛋白酶,木瓜蛋白酶,菠萝蛋白酶,无花果蛋白酶等,就是典型例子。
自然界生物种类繁多。不同的生物内所含的蛋白酶常常因具有不同的切点和不同的最适反应条件等性质而可得以有不同的应用。而筛选开发这些不同性质甚至性质特异的新蛋白酶种,就具有重大意义了。以往寻找有开发利用价值的新酶种,主要是采用酪蛋白法,DHT酪蛋白法这类人工底物来测定蛋白酶活性。在采用酪蛋白法时,需要昂贵的设备,而采用合成底物的成本也很高。如DHT酪蛋白每克需10元人民币,BAEE、BTEE等小肽甚至每克达到上百美元。单做一次测定,试剂成本就需高达数十、乃至数百元人民币。同时,由于生物多数都含有色素,比如叶绿素、花青素、胡萝卜素、血红素等,它们的存在强烈地影响了常规的酪蛋白法测定时的紫外比色。显然,蛋白酶筛选这种大规模的测试工作,由于需要复杂的仪器设备,昂贵的试剂成本而难以在野外进行。
本发明的目的在于寻找一种方法简单,成本低廉,易于操作的筛选、定量和定位蛋白酶的新方法。这种方法可通过软片底物与被测定的微生物匀浆或动植物组织反应后软片是否出现蛋白酶水解斑及水解斑的透明度和大小形状而直接、直观地鉴定该被测物是否含酶,含酶部位及含酶量的多少,而且适于野外操作。
本发明是采用附有明胶之类蛋白质胶及银粒子或碳黑之类有色物质层做药膜的透明基质软片做底物;也可以用X光软片,照相或电影胶卷作暴光、显影、定影处理制成片基完整的全黑软片;或直接选择片基完整的全黑软片。规格大小视需要而定。测试前,软片先放入清水浸泡5-60分钟,待其浸润后捞起备用。测试时,由于软片的底膜为明胶涂层,这是一层蛋白质干胶,在它湿润后于一定温度时,可被蛋白酶水解脱落。这一脱落过程会连带它表面经处理成黑色的不溶银或碳黑之类物质涂层脱去而使软片露出透明空斑。
本发明将待鉴定的微生物匀浆或动植物新鲜健康清洁的组织采下压榨出汁,或将组织用利刀切片。测试时,将徽生物匀浆或榨出的组织汁液10微升以上直接从固定点滴到平放的软片涂有明胶层的药膜面上,汁液量以不出片外为准。为了减少挥发,滴后可以用培养皿将软片反扣罩住。在10-40℃室温下反应20分钟至24小时后,用清水冲洗,即可观察软片上酶水解明胶底膜的透明蚀出斑情况。如是直接切片测定,则将动植物器官组织切片的截面紧贴到软片的药膜面上,用夹子紧固后,小心揩去组织与软片交接处可能浸出的液珠,装入塑料袋中,在10-40℃室温下反应1-10小时后从袋中取出,移走测试组织,用清水冲洗软片,观察水解蚀出斑出现的情况。
采用本发明方法测试后,根据软片蚀斑是否出现即可判断该微生物匀浆或动植物组织是否含酶。当所测试的生物不含酶时,软片不出现蚀斑;含酶时,软片上蚀出斑的透明度大小与含酶量有正比例关系。含酶量低的生物,测试后软片出现透明度较低的甚至轻微的点状空斑,酶量高的生物,测试后软片出现全透明蚀斑。
表1是木瓜蛋白酶,枯草杆菌蛋白酶,糜蛋白酶的不同活性滴后与软片被蚀空斑透光率关系。表1:
接表1
| 木瓜蛋白酶 | 0 | 2 | 3 | 4.5 | 15 | 97 | 100 |
| 枯草杆菌蛋白酶 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 10 | 93 | 98 |
| 糜蛋白酶 | 0 | 4 | 8 | 15 | 30 | 98 | 100 |
图1、2、3分别是木瓜蛋白酶,枯草杆菌蛋白酶,糜蛋白酶分别用PH7.0,0.05mol/L磷酸缓冲液配成每毫升0、50、100、150、200、300、400单位酶液,各取100微升从固定点滴到平放的软片药膜面上于30℃反应30分钟后,蛋白酶量与软片的水解蚀空斑标准关系图。
新测试样品只要采用对应的软片测试后出现的蚀空斑与图1、2、3的标准软片蚀斑图及表1的表格数值比较,即可直观地看出新测样品酶活性。
若测试的生物含酶量过高时,还可将其汁液作适当稀释后作用于软片,经与标准品比较而知相对活性。每批软片只要作一次标准图表,即可反复作对照。若有足够多的同批电影废片,数万次地做野外测定筛选都不成问题。
由于本发明采用的方法有相当的灵敏度,若将新鲜含酶动植物组织切片紧贴在软片药膜面上过一段时间后,取下试样,在软片上的植物组织含酶处的对应部位即可出现直观的蚀出斑,尚可给植物组织含酶位置做定位研究。
本发明由于直接将微生物匀浆或动植物组织汁液和切片与涂有药膜的透明胶片反应后,根据胶片上蚀出斑出现与否及透明度大小判断该测试物是否含酶、含酶量和动植物组织含酶部位,因此具有方法简单,准确,成本低廉,适于野外大规模的测试工作等特点。
实施例1:
用X光软片作暴光、显影、定影处理制成片基完整的全黑软片,放入清水中浸泡60分钟后捞起,剪成4×2cm小片。将棕榈科桄榔植物果实用压榨机压出汁液,取汁液200微升从固定点滴到经以上处理的X光软片涂有明胶药膜的一面上,随即用培养皿反扣罩住。在30℃室温下反应30分钟后,取出X光软片用清水冲洗,滴有汁液的X光软片部位即现出被酶水解明胶后的全透明蚀出斑。
实施例2:
用电影胶卷作暴光、显影、定影处理制成片基完整的全黑底片,放入清水中浸泡30分钟后捞起,剪成长4cm小片。用葡萄科的四棱自粉藤肉质茎,棕榈科的桄榔果肉、皇后葵果肉,菠萝科的草菠萝果肉,番木瓜科的番木瓜果实,桑科的印尼无花果果实、牛奶果绿色果肉嫩技,龙舌兰科的羊角茎,金边龙血树叶绿色栅状组织,百合科的凤尾兰叶绿色栅状组织。上述植物组织分别用切片刀切成厚度为约1cm的小片,随即将切面紧贴于经处理的感光软片涂有明胶药膜的一面上,用木夹子将其固定。小心揩去植物组织与软片交接处可能浸出的液珠后放入塑料袋中。在30℃室温下反应3小时后,移走植物组织,用清水冲洗软片,即可在软片上直观地看到酶水解明胶后出现的蚀空斑情况。各种测试植物蚀出斑形状及相应植物组织用酪蛋白法对比测定蛋白酶活性结果见表2。
表2
接表2
| 植物名称 | 感光软片测定蚀斑形状 | 酪蛋白法对比测定酶活性n/g |
| 四棱白粉藤 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 1000-3000 |
| 桄 榔 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 60000 |
| 皇后葵 | 透明度较低蚀空斑 | 500 |
| 草菠萝 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 2000-5000 |
| 植物名称 | 感光软片测定蚀斑形状 | 酯蛋白法对比测定酶活性n/g |
| 番木瓜 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 15万-25万 |
| 印尼无花果 | 不出现蚀空斑 | 0 |
| 牛奶果 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 1000-2000 |
| 羊 角 | 点状透明蚀空斑 | 100-500 |
| 金边龙血树 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 1000-2000 |
| 凤尾兰 | 全透明蚀空斑 | 3000-10000 |
实施例3:
用透明胶片先后涂上明胶层及碳黑粉,制成明胶涂层软片,剪成长4cm小片。用剑麻叶片,苦楝树的茎杆切片后紧贴于明胶软片药膜面上,用夹子固定,使之不松动,不移位,并小心揩去植物组织与软片交接处可能浸出的液珠,反应5小时,移走测试组织,即可在软片上非常直观地看到:剑麻叶表的绿色栅状组织,苦楝树的树皮内皮层的对应位置都有被蚀出的透明空斑<见图4、5>。
Claims (6)
1.一种用蛋白质胶涂层软片鉴定筛选定量定位蛋白酶的方法,其特征是用透明胶片上附有明胶及银粒子或碳黑有色物质涂层,或X光软片,或照相、电影胶卷作曝光、显影、定影处理制成片基的软片做底物,将待测生物匀浆、动植物组织汁液或切片直接滴到或紧贴到软片涂有的药膜面上,反应后,用清水冲洗软片,根据软片被水解后蚀空斑出现与否及空斑透明度的大小判断测试物是否含酶及含酶量多少。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于测试时软片规格大小不受限制。
3.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于测试时所用组织或汁液量不受限制,以不出片外为准。
4.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于测试是在10-40℃室温下反应1-24小时。
5.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于测试后软片上蚀出斑的透明程度及大小形状与所测试的生物含酶量呈正比例关系,含酶量低时,软片出现透明度较低的甚至轻微的点状空斑,含酶量高时,出现全透明蚀出斑。
6.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于用已知活性的酶液配成一组梯级浓度分别作用于软片,得到一组软片酶蚀出的标准图,用其与未知酶量的试样测试后软片蚀出斑比较,测出后者的活性。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN92101774A CN1056884C (zh) | 1992-03-14 | 1992-03-14 | 用蛋白质胶涂层软片鉴定筛选定量定位蛋白酶的方法 |
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| CN92101774A CN1056884C (zh) | 1992-03-14 | 1992-03-14 | 用蛋白质胶涂层软片鉴定筛选定量定位蛋白酶的方法 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN1065095A CN1065095A (zh) | 1992-10-07 |
| CN1056884C true CN1056884C (zh) | 2000-09-27 |
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Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0454046A2 (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1991-10-30 | Difco Laboratories Incorporated | Diagnostic test slide |
| US5073487A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1991-12-17 | Athens Research And Technology, Inc. | Rapid assay for functional human α1 -proteinase inhibitor |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5073487A (en) * | 1989-01-30 | 1991-12-17 | Athens Research And Technology, Inc. | Rapid assay for functional human α1 -proteinase inhibitor |
| EP0454046A2 (en) * | 1990-04-26 | 1991-10-30 | Difco Laboratories Incorporated | Diagnostic test slide |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1065095A (zh) | 1992-10-07 |
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