CN106083473A - A kind of light simplification fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural chemical fertilizers, in particular to a light and simplified special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof, comprising original fertilizer and potassium humate, and the content of nitrogen in the original fertilizer is 18% by mass parts. % to 25%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 8% to 15%, the content of potassium oxide is 4% to 10%, and the content of active humic acid is 1 to 5%. A special fertilizer for cotton, not only rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium elements, effectively ensuring the nutrient conditions needed for the life of cotton, but also adding a certain amount of potassium humate and nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide, which can improve soil and promote crop growth , Improve crop resistance, improve crop quality, and protect the agricultural ecological environment. At the same time, the active groups in potassium humate can complex trace elements, which contributes to the balance of crop nutrients and increases yield.

Description

A light and simplified cotton special fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali land and its preparation method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural fertilizers, in particular to a light and simplified cotton special fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali land and a preparation method thereof.

Background technique

Facing the new situation that the country's cultivated land resources are becoming increasingly tense and the pressure on food security is increasing, it is a strategic choice for the development of cotton production to explore new ways for cotton to make way for food and to promote the transfer of cotton production to coastal saline-alkali land. Saline-alkali land is widely distributed in China. According to the survey , China has about 99 million hm ² of saline-alkali land, which is one of the countries with a large distribution of saline-alkali soil in the world. The area of saline-alkali dry land in Hebei and Tianjin around the Bohai Sea is nearly 530,000 hm ² , and it is also one of the areas with the greatest potential for cotton production and development , Cotton planting in saline-alkali land is an effective way to make full use of saline-alkali land. Generally, cotton can be planted when the salt content of the plow layer is below 0.3%.

At the same time, the saline-alkali soil has high salinity and contains excessive soluble salts, which leads to an increase in the osmotic pressure of the soil solution, which causes physiological dryness of plants, reduces water availability, and is not conducive to the growth and development of crops. At the same time, saline-alkali land also has "organic matter content Low, nitrogen-deficient, phosphorus-poor, potassium-rich" universal characteristics, the salinization of the soil makes the nutrients in the soil consolidate and precipitate, which are not easily absorbed and utilized by crops, resulting in low fertilizer utilization rates and affecting crop yields.

Saline-alkali land is a valuable land resource in our country, and it is also the potential for developing cotton production and improving cotton production capacity. In view of the problems of low yield per unit area and unreasonable investment in the current cotton production in saline-alkali land, systematically study the law of cotton growth and soil salinity and nutrients in saline-alkali land On the basis of the law of change, the research and development of related special fertilizers has become the best choice to increase cotton yield and improve soil.

Therefore, in order to overcome the deficiencies of the above-mentioned technologies, design a kind of fertilizer utilization rate that can improve saline-alkali land, improve the saline-alkali soil fertility of a kind of light simplified cotton special fertilizer that is applicable to saline-alkali land and preparation method thereof, just the problem that the inventor will solve.

Contents of the invention

Aiming at the deficiencies of the prior art, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a light and simplified special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali land and its preparation method, which has a reasonable proportion and obvious slow-release effect, and provides a one-to-one solution for cotton saline-alkali land Program.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

A light and simplified cotton special fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali land, in terms of parts by mass, the nitrogen content in the fertilizer is preferably 20-24%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is preferably 11%-13%, and the content of potassium oxide is preferably 5-24%. 7%, the active humic acid content is preferably 2-4%.

The nitrogen fertilizer raw materials used include one or several combinations of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, modified ammonium nitrate, etc.; One or several combinations; the potassium fertilizer raw materials used include one or several combinations of potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate, etc.; the active humic acid raw materials used include one of ammonium humate, sodium humate, and potassium humate Or a combination of several; the nitrogen fertilizer raw material is preferably a combination of one or more of urea, ammonium chloride and ammonium sulfate with better cost performance; the phosphate fertilizer raw material is preferably a combination of one or more of monoammonium, general calcium, and ammonium polyphosphate Potassium fertilizer raw material is preferably one of potassium chloride and potassium sulfate or a combination of both; the active humic acid raw material is preferably potassium humate.

Among them, the amount of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) in the phosphate fertilizer raw material is 30-80kg/ton of fertilizer, and the ammonium polyphosphate used is agricultural ammonium polyphosphate, with a phosphorus content of 30%-37%, a nitrogen content of 14%-16%, and a polymerization degree of 5. -10. Ammonium polyphosphate can provide slow-release phosphorus nutrition for crops and effectively improve soil fertility in saline-alkali land. At the same time, it can chelate trace elements in fertilizers and soil to provide more comprehensive nutrients for crops.

Potassium humate is preferred among active humic acid raw materials, and its active humic acid is greater than 60%. Potassium humate can improve soil physical environment, increase soil organic matter, and the active groups in potassium humate can complex trace elements.

A kind of preparation method of light and simplified special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali land, the steps of preparation method are as follows:

(1) Use a static weighing scale to weigh nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and humic acid raw materials according to the weight ratio, and input them into the granulator to carry out ammonification granulation under the condition of ammonia and sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, and at the same time, dicyandiamide is mixed with water The form of spraying, the production of N content 16-18%, P ₂ O ₅ content 14-16%, K ₂ O content 7-9%, active humic acid content 4-6%;

(2) Urea and formaldehyde are reacted according to a specific ratio, sprayed into the granulator in step (1), and the generated fertilizer granules are dried, cooled and screened to enter the surface treatment process;

(3) After drying, cooling, and screening, the fertilizer enters the wrapping drum after leaving the granulator; in the anti-caking agent reaction kettle, 15-20 parts of polyethylene glycol, 5-10 parts of polyethylene glycol, and 5-10 parts of Parts of stearic acid, 10-15 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 15-30 parts of octadecylamine are dissolved in 40-60 parts of vegetable oil or mineral oil to prepare anti-caking oil agent; self-made anti-caking oil The anti-caking agent and the purchased anti-caking powder enter the wrapping drum in proportion to carry out fertilizer anti-caking treatment;

(4), the fertilizer obtained in step (3) is measured by a belt scale and the coated urea after measurement is mixed evenly in the blending equipment to obtain the final fertilizer product, wherein the fertilizer obtained in step (3) accounts for 80-84%, including Membrane urea accounts for 16-20%.

(5) The fertilizer in step (4) is measured and packaged to become a finished product.

The coated urea is degradable polyurethane coated urea, the coating rate is 2-4%, and the sustained release period is 90-120 days. Choosing degradable polyurethane-coated urea can prevent secondary pollution of the coating material.

The reaction of urea and formaldehyde, its molar ratio is 2-4:1, reaction condition is pH4-5 reaction 30min, adopts ammonia gas and dilute phosphoric acid to adjust the pH of reaction system, wherein the urea of 10-30kg is needed per ton of fertilizer Reaction with formaldehyde, urea and formaldehyde undergo addition reaction under acidic conditions to generate a viscous mixture of urea and urea-formaldehyde, which is conducive to fertilizer granulation after entering the granulator. The reaction kettle is made of stainless steel. The reaction temperature of the self-made anti-caking oil agent is 100-120° C., the reaction time is 30-45 minutes, and the reaction kettle is made of carbon steel.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

(1) The present invention is composed of nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide, potassium oxide, and humic acid in a certain mass fraction ratio. The nitrogen comes from urea, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, calcium cyanamide, and monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate One or a combination of several of them, preferably one or more of urea, ammonium chloride, ammonia and ammonium sulfate and ammonium polyphosphate; phosphorus pentoxide comes from monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, general calcium One or more of heavy calcium or potassium dihydrogen phosphate is mixed with ammonium polyphosphate, preferably monoammonium phosphate or diammonium phosphate is mixed with ammonium polyphosphate; potassium oxide comes from potassium sulfate, potassium chloride, potassium dihydrogen phosphate Or one or more of potassium nitrate, including potassium polyphosphate to provide a part of potassium, preferably potassium chloride or potassium sulfate; humic acid is one or more of powder type potassium humate, sodium humate and ammonium humate Combined, the nutrient distribution of the present invention is relatively reasonable, and can improve the problems of soil compaction caused by high pH and high salinity in some saline-alkali soils, poor soil structure, poor tillability, low fertility, and low bioavailability of nutrients required for cotton growth.

(2) The present invention not only contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements, effectively guarantees the nutrient conditions required for the life of cotton, but also adds a certain amount of potassium humate. The important thing is that potassium humate is a kind of high-efficiency organic potassium fertilizer. The humic acid functional group in potassium humate can absorb and store potassium ions, prevent the loss with water in sandy soil and leaching soil, and prevent the fixation of potassium by cohesive soil. In addition, some parts of potassium humate are fulvic acid and other low Molecular humic acid has a corrosion effect on potassium-containing silicate, potassium feldspar and other minerals. It can slowly decompose to increase the release of potassium and increase the content of available potassium. Compared with ordinary potassium fertilizer, the utilization rate is increased by 87%-95%, and the fertilizer efficiency is increased. , crop yield increase, quality improvement, it has the combination of land use and cultivation; coordination of long-term and quick-effect; special effects of water retention and fertilizer retention, etc., it combines the advantages of inorganic fertilizers and farmyard manures and is superior to them. Very good nutrient release regulation function, it is a very good controlled release fertilizer, so that the nutrients will not be too much in the early stage, and the nutrients will not be too low in the later stage, the fertilizer supply curve is stable, and the release speed can also be regulated by physical and chemical biotechnology means , to achieve two-way regulation of accelerated release and sustained release. The supply of nutrient elements in the fertilizer is basically synchronized with the nutrient demand of the crops to achieve a dynamic balance. Humic acid in potassium humate is a biologically active agent, which can increase the content of available potassium in the soil, reduce the loss and fixation of potassium, increase the absorption and utilization of potassium by crops, and also improve soil, promote crop growth, and improve crop resistance. Resilience, improve crop quality, and protect the agricultural ecological environment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the flow chart of the preparation process of the special cotton fertilizer suitable for use in saline-alkali land according to the present invention.

detailed description

.Example 1:

A light and simplified special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali land, the specific formula is as follows: raw material name Active ingredient content (%) Consumptionkg/t urea N:46 100.0 ammonium chloride N:25.5 120.0 MAP N:11 P ₂ O ₅ :44 325.0 app N: 15 P ₂ O ₅ : 30 50.0 potassium chloride K ₂ O:60 120.0 ammonium sulfate N:20.5 320.0 synthetic ammonia N:82 24.0 sulfuric acid 98% 15.0 Potassium humate K ₂ O:8 60.0 Dicyandiamide 5% addition 45

Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of light simplified cotton special fertilizer preparation method that is applicable to saline-alkali land, concrete preparation method is as follows:

(1) Use a static weighing scale to weigh nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and humic acid raw materials according to the weight ratio, and input them into the granulator to carry out ammonification granulation under the condition of ammonia and sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, and at the same time, dicyandiamide is mixed with water The form of spraying, the production of N content 17%, P ₂ O ₅ content 15%, K ₂ O content 9%, active humic acid content 6%;

(2) Urea and formaldehyde are reacted according to the ratio of 2.5:1, sprayed into the granulator in step (1), and the generated fertilizer granules are dried, cooled and screened to enter the surface treatment process;

(3) After drying, cooling, and screening, the fertilizer enters the wrapping drum after leaving the granulator; in the anti-caking agent reaction kettle, 15 parts of polyethylene glycol and 5 parts of stearic acid are mixed with a stirring and shearing machine. , 10 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 18 parts of octadecylamine are dissolved in 50 parts of vegetable oil or mineral oil to prepare anti-caking oil agent; self-made anti-caking oil agent and purchased anti-caking powder are pressed The ratio enters the wrapping drum for fertilizer anti-caking treatment;

(4), the fertilizer obtained in step (3) is measured by a belt scale and the coated urea after measurement is mixed evenly in the blending equipment to obtain the final fertilizer product, wherein the fertilizer obtained in step (3) accounts for 75-85%, including Membrane urea accounts for 15-24%.

(5) The fertilizer in step (4) is measured and packaged to become a finished product.

Example 2:

A light and simplified special fertilizer for cotton suitable for saline-alkali land, the specific formula is as follows: raw material name Active ingredient content (%) Consumptionkg/t urea N:46 260.0 MAP N:11 P ₂ O ₅ :44 300.0 app N:15 P2O5:30 60.0 potassium sulfate K ₂ O:50 160.0 synthetic ammonia N:82 25.0 sulfuric acid 98% 18.0 Potassium humate K2O:8 50.0 Dicyandiamide 5% addition 50

Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of light simplified cotton special fertilizer preparation method that is applicable to saline-alkali land, concrete preparation method is as follows:

(1) Use a static weighing scale to weigh nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potassium fertilizer and humic acid raw materials according to the weight ratio, and input them into the granulator to carry out ammonification granulation under the condition of ammonia and sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, and at the same time, dicyandiamide is mixed with water The form of spraying, the production of N content 18%, P ₂ O ₅ content 14%, K ₂ O content 8%, active humic acid content 5%,;

(2) Urea and formaldehyde are reacted according to the ratio of 2:1, sprayed into the granulator in step (1), and the generated fertilizer granules are dried, cooled and screened to enter the surface treatment process;

(3) After drying, cooling, and screening, the fertilizer enters the wrapping drum after leaving the granulator; in the anti-caking agent reaction kettle, 16 parts of polyethylene glycol and 9 parts of stearic acid are mixed with a stirring and shearing machine. , 14 parts of sodium dodecylbenzenesulfonate, 25 parts of octadecylamine are dissolved in 55 parts of vegetable oil or mineral oil to prepare anti-caking oil agent; self-made anti-caking oil agent and purchased anti-caking powder are pressed The ratio enters the wrapping drum for fertilizer anti-caking treatment;

(4), the fertilizer obtained in step (3) is measured by a belt scale and the coated urea after measurement is mixed evenly in the blending equipment to obtain the final fertilizer product, wherein the fertilizer obtained in step (3) accounts for 70-82%, including Membrane urea accounts for 15-20%.

(5) The fertilizer in step (4) is measured and packaged to become a finished product.

Example 3:

The application effect of a light and simplified cotton special fertilizer suitable for saline-alkali land on cotton planting;

The high-efficiency fertilizer dedicated to corn prepared in Example 1 was tested.

1. Test site: Haixing State Farm, Cangzhou, Hebei

2. Basic conditions of the soil in the test site: The test soil is located in Haixing State-owned Farm, Cangzhou, Hebei. The mild saline-alkali soil has a total salt content of 3.26g/kg, a pH of 8.1, and a conductivity of 579μS/cm.

3. Experimental design:

Three treatments were set up in the experiment, namely:

Treatment 1: blank control, no fertilization;

Treatment 2: Apply ordinary compound fertilizer with the same nutrient, 40Kg/mu, topdressing 20Kg/mu

Treatment 3: Apply the cotton-specific high-efficiency fertilizer prepared in Example 1 of the present invention, 40Kg per mu.

Each treatment area is 2 mu.

5. The variety tested: Jimian 151

6. Test method: On April 22, 2014, fertilizer was applied at one time according to the treatment settings, and seeds were sown. The field management measures were the same for each treatment. It was harvested on November 2, 2014. Due to some green bells and late ripening, there were still 10% green bells.

7. Test results:

Table 1 shows that using the fertilizer of the present invention, soil chemical properties can be improved to a certain extent, with no fertilization and the use of conventional fertilizers, the soil pH value has been reduced, the activity of alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium has been increased, and the soil has been reduced. At the same time, it increases the content of soil organic matter and effectively improves the soil fertility of saline-alkali land.

Table 1 Effects on soil chemical properties

Table 2 shows that the application of the fertilizer of the present invention has an obvious effect of increasing cotton production, compared with the treatment of no fertilization and the application of conventional fertilizers, the increase of production is 7.6%.

Table 2 Analysis of Yield Results deal with Plant height (cm) Number of bolls per plant Single bell weight (g) Clothes (%) Seed cotton output (kg/667m ² ) Production increase (kg/667m ² ) Yield increase rate (%) Production increase (kg/667m ² ) Yield increase rate (%) blank control 88.0b 12.45b 6.20b 38.6b 216.3b -- -- -- -- conventional compound fertilizer 95.5ab 13.28b 6.57b 41.9a 226.4b 10.1 4.7 -- -- Special fertilizer for cotton 103.9a 17.11a 7.29a 42.8a 243.6a 27.3 12.6 17.2 7.6%

Claims (8)

1. one kind be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterised in that the content of described Nitrogen is 18%-25%, the content of phosphorus pentoxide is 8%-15%, and the content of potassium oxide is 4%-10%, activated humic acid content 1-5%, chlorine Ion concentration is less than 10%.

2. according to described in claim 1 a kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterised in that fertilizer In be added with potassium humate.

A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterised in that:

Nitrogenous fertilizer raw material the most used includes the one or more combination in carbamide, ammonium chloride, ammonium sulfate, modified ammonium nitrate etc.；

One or more groups in phosphate fertilizer phosphoric acid one ammonium the most used, Diammonium phosphate (DAP), general calcium, triple superphosphate, APP etc. Close；

Potash fertilizer raw material the most used includes the one or more combination in potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and potassium nitrate etc.；

Activated humic acid raw material the most used includes the one or more combination in ammonium humate, sodium humate, potassium humate.

A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterised in that: described poly- Ammonium phosphate is agricultural APP, phosphorus content 30%-37%, nitrogenous for 14%-16%, degree of polymerization 5-10；The corruption of described activity is planted Preferred potassium humate in acid starting material, its activated humic acid is more than 60%.

A kind of be applicable to salt-soda soil gently simplify fertilizer special for cotton, it is characterised in that: in fertilizer Comprise nitrification inhibitor dicyandiamide (DCD).

A kind of light preparation method simplifying fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil the most according to claim 1, it is special Levy and be: preparation process is as follows:

(1), utilizing static weighing scale to weigh nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and humic acid material by weight, input comminutor is at ammonia With carry out ammoniation-granulation under the conditions of sulfuric acid reaction heat supply, produce N content 16-18%, P2O5 content 14-16%, K2O content 7- 9%, activated humic acid content 4-6%,；

(2), carbamide and formaldehyde react under mildly acidic conditions according to special ratios, spray into the pelletize in step (1) Machine, the fertiliser granulates of generation enters drying, cools down and sieve entrance surface processing routine；

(3), fertilizer go out comminutor drying, cool down, sieve, enter pack roller；Stirring is utilized in anticaking agent reactor And cutter, by 15-20 part Polyethylene Glycol, 5-10 part stearic acid, 10-15 part dodecylbenzene sodium sulfonate, 15-30 part 18-amine. 40-60 part vegetable oil or mineral oil dissolve, prepares anti-caking oil preparation；Homemade anti-caking oil preparation and the anti-caking powder of outsourcing Enter pack roller in proportion, carry out fertilizer anti-caking process；

(4), by step (3) gained fertilizer through belt scale metering with metering after coated carbamide mix homogeneously in blending equipment, Obtain final fertilizer product, wherein step (3) gained fertilizer accounting 80-84%, coated carbamide accounting 16-20%；

(5), the fertilizer in step (4) becomes finished product through metering packing.

A kind of light preparation method simplifying fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil the most according to claim 6, it is special Levy and be: coated carbamide is degradable polyurethane coated carbamide, peplos rate 2-4%, 90-120 days slow-release period.

A kind of light preparation method simplifying fertilizer special for cotton being applicable to salt-soda soil the most according to claim 6, it is special Levying and be: carbamide is 2-4:1 with the mol ratio of formaldehyde, reaction condition is that pH4-5 reacts 30min, uses ammonia and phosphoric acid,diluted to adjust The pH of joint reaction system, the most single ton of fertilizer needs the carbamide of 10-30kg to react with formaldehyde.