CN106299530A - A method for dismantling, classifying and recycling power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a technological method for disassembling, classifying and recycling a power type lithium ion battery for a new energy automobile, which comprises the following steps: manually disassembling a shell of the power type lithium ion battery for the new energy automobile, and taking out a single battery; detecting the residual electric quantity of the single battery, wherein the single battery which is not fully discharged needs to be fully discharged on charging and discharging equipment; drying the monomer batteries after self-discharge, and then putting the monomer batteries into a crusher for crushing; drying after crushing, and recovering evaporant; further crushing the dried crushed materials and sieving the crushed materials, wherein the sieved materials are the mixture of the anode and cathode materials and the binder, and the sieved materials are the mixture of the shell wrappage of the single battery, the aluminum foil, the copper foil and a small amount of the anode and cathode materials; and (4) performing mineral separation and classification on the oversize materials by using a shaking table, and separating out the shell packaging materials of the single battery. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the positive and negative electrode materials of the battery and valuable metals such as copper, aluminum and the like are classified and separated, and the organic electrolyte is recycled.

Description

A dismantling, sorting and recycling process for power lithium-ion batteries used in new energy vehicles method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of waste battery recycling, in particular to a process method for dismantling, classifying and recycling power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles.

Background technique

With the continuous improvement of new energy battery manufacturing technology, new energy batteries have attracted people's attention in the field of production and life. In 2014, the power battery market for new energy vehicles and electric bicycles has reached 12 billion yuan, and the cost of cathode materials accounts for about 25% of the cost of power batteries, or a market share of about 3 billion yuan. In 2015, new energy vehicles represented by electric buses have achieved explosive growth, and the application of power batteries in the field of new energy vehicles is increasing. This means that in the next five years, the power lithium-ion batteries of new energy vehicles will be gradually scrapped, resulting in a large amount of waste lithium-ion batteries. Power lithium-ion batteries contain a large amount of valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, and iron, which have good recycling value.

The existing lithium-ion battery recycling process patents are mainly to directly crush the lithium battery, or peel the battery, and then leach valuable metals such as nickel, cobalt, manganese, iron, copper, and aluminum in the positive and negative plates. Process patents, such as the waste lithium battery treatment method applied for protection by Dalian Dongtai Industrial Waste Treatment Company with application number 201210496378.6. In addition, there are also patents that after crushing high-manganese series lithium batteries, they are directly subjected to pyromelting to prepare manganese-ferroalloys, such as the valuable metals in manganese-based waste batteries applied for protection by Foshan Bangpu Cycle Technology Co., Ltd. with application number 201210017163.1 recycling method. The power battery single battery is several times larger than the lithium-ion battery of general digital products. If the battery is not subjected to forced discharge treatment before disassembly, it is directly crushed, or soaked in water, or manual disassembly is performed improperly. Accidental puncture of the battery can easily cause combustion and explosion, endangering personal safety; and there is a large amount of organic electrolyte stored in the power lithium-ion battery, which is very harmful to human health and the environment. If the above two patented methods are used to directly recycle power lithium batteries, fires and explosions and electrolyte volatilization and leakage may occur during the crushing process, endangering personal and environmental safety; crushed materials will also increase valuable metals if they are not classified and recycled. post-extraction costs.

It can be seen from this that how to develop a dismantling and sorting recycling process for power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles can make the most valuable positive and negative materials and copper and aluminum in power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles Valuable metals are separated by classification, and the recycling of organic electrolyte waste is realized, which avoids the occurrence of fire and explosion of lithium batteries and leakage of electrolyte volatilization during the recycling process. That is, this method has the advantages of safe operation and high efficiency. Problems to be solved urgently by those skilled in the art.

Contents of the invention

In order to solve the above problems, the present invention provides a method for dismantling, classifying and recovering power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles.

A method for dismantling, classifying and recovering a power type lithium-ion battery for a new energy vehicle according to the present invention comprises the following steps:

(a) Manual dismantling of the power battery shell: manually dismantle the shell of the power lithium-ion battery for new energy vehicles, and take out the single battery pack in the power lithium-ion battery for new energy vehicles;

(b) Compulsory discharge treatment of residual power: place the single battery pack on an electronic load device for compulsory discharge until the discharge is completed;

(c) Crushing: drying the single battery pack first, and then placing it in a crusher for multi-stage crushing until the average diameter of the broken objects of the single battery pack is less than 1 cm;

(d) Drying and recovery of the organic solution of the electrolyte: drying and recovery of the organic solution of the electrolyte: put the crushed material into a vacuum drying oven for vacuum drying at a drying temperature of 50-100°C, and The gaseous organic solvent molecules volatilized during the process are condensed and recovered;

(e) Broken and sieved: further pulverize the dried and agglomerated crushed objects and pass through a 10-50 mesh sieve. The mixture of the binder, the sieve is the mixture of the shell packaging of the single battery pack, aluminum foil, copper foil, and a small amount of positive and negative materials; The content of positive and negative materials is very small, so it can be ignored.

(f) Sorting: the oversize is placed on a sorting device for sorting, and the outer shell package of the battery pack is separated from the mixture of aluminum foil and copper foil.

Further, the casing package of the single battery pack includes an aluminum-plastic film, an aluminum casing and a steel casing.

Further, the single battery pack may be a single lithium battery, or a battery pack module composed of a certain number of lithium batteries.

Further, the lithium battery may be one or more of lithium batteries such as pouch batteries, steel case batteries, and aluminum case batteries.

Further, the crusher may be one of jaw crusher, hammer crusher, impact crusher, cone crusher, toothed roller crusher, double roller crusher and other equipment or a combination of two.

Further, the sorting equipment may be dense-medium mineral dressing equipment such as a shaking table and a jig.

A method for dismantling, classifying and recovering a power type lithium-ion battery for a new energy vehicle according to the present invention has the following advantages compared with the prior art:

First of all, the process of the present invention is safe, simple and efficient, and realizes the dismantling, classification and recycling of power lithium-ion batteries for new energy vehicles, and is suitable for mass processing of scrap power lithium-ion batteries; secondly, the present invention adds a step of forced discharge of residual power, Greatly reduces the occurrence of dangers such as fire and explosion during the dismantling process of the power battery; then, the present invention adds a vacuum recovery step of the organic electrolyte, which eliminates the harm of organic matter to the environment and staff; finally, the present invention can convert new energy vehicles into The shell of the power lithium-ion battery, such as aluminum-plastic film, aluminum shell, steel shell and other packaging materials, the mixture of aluminum foil and copper foil, and the positive and negative electrode powder materials are effectively separated, and the high-value aluminum foil in the power lithium-ion battery for new energy vehicles is realized. Resources such as copper foil mixture, positive and negative electrode powder materials are sorted and recycled.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention.

detailed description

In order to better understand the present invention, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.

As shown in Figure 1, the shell of the power lithium-ion battery for new energy vehicles is manually disassembled, and the single battery in the power lithium-ion battery for new energy vehicles is taken out; the remaining power of the single battery is detected, and it is not fully discharged The single battery needs to be fully discharged on the charging and discharging equipment; after drying the self-discharged single battery, put it into the crusher for crushing; after crushing, dry it and recover the evaporator; The dried crushed material is further pulverized and sieved, the under-sieve is the mixture of positive and negative materials and binder, and the over-sieved is the mixture of the shell packaging of the single battery, aluminum foil, copper foil, and a small amount of positive and negative materials ; Use a shaking table to classify the screened material, and separate the shell and packaging of the single battery, and then recover aluminum foil and copper foil. Wherein, the shell package of the single battery includes an aluminum-plastic film, an aluminum shell, a steel shell, and the like. In order to explain the technical solution in more detail, the following three examples are selected for further description.

Example 1:

Lishen Jianghuai Automobile IEV5 power battery pack is selected, and the single battery is 18650 battery; first, the power battery shell is manually disassembled, and the 18650 power battery pack inside is taken out after the dismantling is completed, and the battery pack is quickly and forcedly discharged on the electronic load instrument ; After the discharge is completed, put it into the jaw crusher for crushing until the average diameter of the crushed material is below 1cm; put the crushed material into the vacuum dryer, carry out vacuum drying at 80°C, and condense and recover the organic solvent gas; The agglomerated material is put into the toothed roller crusher, further finely crushed, and then passed through a 10-50 mesh sieve. The under-sieve is the mixture of positive and negative electrode materials and binder, and the over-sieve is the outer casing of the single battery. material, 18650 steel shell, aluminum foil, copper foil, a small amount of positive and negative electrode material mixture; put the sieved material on the jig machine for sorting, and can separate the single battery shell package, steel shell and fine aluminum foil copper foil mixture .

Example 2:

AVIC lithium battery ternary material power battery pack is selected, and the single battery is an aluminum-plastic film soft pack battery; first, the power battery shell is manually disassembled, and the single battery pack is taken out after the dismantling is completed, and the battery pack is placed on the electronic load instrument. Rapid forced discharge; after discharge, put it into a jaw crusher for crushing until the average diameter of the crushed material is below 1cm; put the crushed material into a vacuum dryer for vacuum drying at 80°C, and condense and recover the organic solvent gas; After drying, the agglomerated material is put into the toothed roller crusher, further finely crushed, and then passed through a 10-50 mesh sieve. The under-sieve is the mixture of positive and negative materials and binder, and the over-sieve is the single battery. The casing package, aluminum-plastic film, aluminum foil, copper foil, and a small amount of positive and negative materials are mixed; the sieved material is placed on a jig for sorting, and the aluminum-plastic film and small aluminum foil copper of the single battery can be sorted. Foil mixture to separate.

Example 3:

The BYD K9 power battery pack is selected, and the single battery is a lithium iron phosphate aluminum shell battery; first, the power battery shell is manually disassembled, and after the disassembly is completed, the single battery pack is taken out, and the battery pack is quickly and forcedly discharged on the electronic load instrument; After the discharge is completed, put it into the jaw crusher for crushing until the average diameter of the crushed material is less than 1cm; put the crushed material into the vacuum dryer and perform vacuum drying at 80°C, and the organic solvent gas is condensed and recovered; the dried The final agglomerated material is put into the toothed roller crusher, further finely crushed, and then passed through a 10-50 mesh sieve. The under-sieve is the mixture of positive and negative electrode materials and binder, and the over-sieve is the shell of the single battery. Packaging, steel case, aluminum foil, copper foil, a small amount of positive and negative material mixture; put the sieved material on the jig machine for sorting, and can separate the shell packaging of the single battery, steel case and fine aluminum foil copper foil mixture open.

The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and cannot be considered as limiting the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention should still belong to the scope of this patent.

Claims (6)

1. a new-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery disassemble classification recovery process method, it is characterised in that include Following steps:

A the shell of new-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery is manually disassembled by (), take out described new-energy automobile and use Cell bag in power-type lithium ion battery；

B described cell bag is placed on electronic load instrument and carries out mandatory electric discharge by (), until discharge off；

C described cell bag is first carried out drying operation by (), be placed in disintegrating machine the most again and carry out multiple stage crushing, until described The broken thing average diameter of cell bag is less than till 1cm；

D described broken thing is put into vacuum drying oven and is carried out vacuum drying treatment by (), baking temperature is 50-100 DEG C, and to this During the gaseous state organic solvent molecule that volatilized carry out condensation and reclaim；

E described broken thing that () is lumpd after drying crosses 10-50 mesh sieve after pulverizing further, and siftage is described new-energy automobile With the mixture of power-type lithium ion battery positive and negative pole material Yu binding agent, oversize is the outer cover packaging of described cell bag Thing and aluminium foil, the mixture of Copper Foil；

F described oversize is placed on screening installation and sorts by (), by the outer cover packaging thing of described cell bag with described Aluminium foil, the mixture of Copper Foil separate.

New-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1 disassemble classification recovery process method, It is characterized in that: the outer cover packaging thing of described cell bag includes aluminum plastic film, aluminum hull and box hat.

New-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1 disassemble classification recovery process method, It is characterized in that: described cell bag is single lithium battery or the battery module being made up of multiple lithium batteries.

New-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1 disassemble classification recovery process method, It is characterized in that: described lithium battery is one or more in soft-package battery, box hat battery, aluminum-shell battery.

New-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery the most according to claim 1 disassemble classification recovery process method, It is characterized in that: described disintegrating machine be jaw crusher, hammer mill, impact breaker, gyratory crusher, discaling roll crush One or two kinds of combination in machine, double-roll crusher.

6. classify back according to the disassembling of new-energy automobile power-type lithium ion battery described in any one in claim 1-5 Knock off process, it is characterised in that: described screening installation is shaking table or jigging machine.