CN106537726A - Car power and super capacitor power supply switching circuit based on vehicle power supply - Google Patents
Car power and super capacitor power supply switching circuit based on vehicle power supply Download PDFInfo
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- CN106537726A CN106537726A CN201680001301.3A CN201680001301A CN106537726A CN 106537726 A CN106537726 A CN 106537726A CN 201680001301 A CN201680001301 A CN 201680001301A CN 106537726 A CN106537726 A CN 106537726A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/061—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems for DC powered loads
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
- H02J9/04—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source
- H02J9/06—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting in which the distribution system is disconnected from the normal source and connected to a standby source with automatic change-over, e.g. UPS systems
- H02J9/068—Electronic means for switching from one power supply to another power supply, e.g. to avoid parallel connection
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于车载设备技术领域，尤其涉及一种基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路。The invention belongs to the technical field of vehicle equipment, and in particular relates to a vehicle power supply and supercapacitor power supply switching circuit based on a vehicle power supply.
背景技术Background technique
车载电子设备包括车载音响系统、导航系统、汽车信息系统和车载家电产品等，广泛地应用在人们的日常生活当中。Car electronic equipment includes car audio system, navigation system, car information system and car home appliances, etc., which are widely used in people's daily life.
现在，当车载电子设备中当车电Vbat掉电之后，系统能立马切换到备用电源超级电容供电，从而达到保护设备关键数据的存储的目的。Now, when the vehicle battery Vbat in the vehicle electronic equipment is powered off, the system can immediately switch to the backup power supply supercapacitor for power supply, so as to achieve the purpose of protecting the key data storage of the equipment.
但是，现有的供电切换电路存在电路结构复杂，另外，由于现有的电路采用MOS管等易产生不确定因素的器件，导致电路不稳定。However, the existing power supply switching circuit has a complex circuit structure. In addition, because the existing circuit uses devices that are prone to uncertain factors such as MOS transistors, the circuit is unstable.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明实施例的目的在于提供一种基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路，旨在解决现在的供电切换电路存在电路结构复杂以及电路不稳定的问题。The purpose of the embodiments of the present invention is to provide a vehicle power supply and supercapacitor power supply switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply, aiming to solve the problems of complex circuit structure and circuit instability in the current power supply switching circuit.
本发明实施例是这样实现的，一种基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路，接被供电系统，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路包括：The embodiment of the present invention is achieved in this way, a vehicle electricity and supercapacitor power supply switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply is connected to the power supply system, and the vehicle electricity and supercapacitor power supply switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply includes:
连接在电源与所述被供电系统之间的车电输入DC-DC模块；A vehicle power input DC-DC module connected between the power supply and the powered system;
依次串接在所述被供电系统的输入端与地之间的超级电容、电感L1和MOS管Q2；A supercapacitor, an inductor L1 and a MOS transistor Q2 connected in series between the input terminal of the powered system and the ground in sequence;
所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括二极管D1、电阻R11和充电管理芯片U1；The switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply and the supercapacitor power supply also includes a diode D1, a resistor R11 and a charging management chip U1;
所述二极管D1的阳极接所述MOS管Q2的源极，所述二极管D1的阴极接所述MOS管Q2的漏极，所述电阻R11连接在所述车电输入DC-DC模块的输出端与与超级电容之间，所述充电管理芯片U1的输入端IN和复位端RS分别接所述电阻R11的两端，所述充电管理芯片U1的输出端DR接所述MOS管Q2的栅极。The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q2, and the resistor R11 is connected to the output terminal of the vehicle power input DC-DC module Between the charging management chip U1 and the supercapacitor, the input terminal IN and the reset terminal RS of the charging management chip U1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the resistor R11, and the output terminal DR of the charging management chip U1 is connected to the gate of the MOS transistor Q2 .
上述结构中，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括过压保护模块，所述过压保护模块包括：In the above structure, the switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply and the supercapacitor power supply also includes an overvoltage protection module, and the overvoltage protection module includes:
可控精密稳压源U2、电阻R1、电阻R16、第一开关管和第二开关管；Controllable precision voltage regulator U2, resistor R1, resistor R16, first switch tube and second switch tube;
所述第一开关管的输入端接所述电阻R11，所述第一开关管的输出端接所述第二开关管的控制端，所述第一开关管的控制端接所述可控精密稳压源U2的阴极，所述电阻R16和电阻R1串接在所述第一开关管的输入端与可控精密稳压源U2的阳极之间，所述可控精密稳压源U2的参考极接所述电阻R16和电阻R1的公共连接端，所述第二开关管的高电位端同时接所述车电输入DC-DC模块的输出端与所述充电管理芯片U1的使能端EN，所述第二开关管的低电位端接地。The input terminal of the first switch tube is connected to the resistor R11, the output terminal of the first switch tube is connected to the control terminal of the second switch tube, and the control terminal of the first switch tube is connected to the controllable precision The cathode of the voltage stabilizing source U2, the resistor R16 and the resistor R1 are connected in series between the input terminal of the first switch tube and the anode of the controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2, the reference of the controllable precision voltage stabilizing source U2 The pole is connected to the common connection terminal of the resistor R16 and the resistor R1, and the high potential terminal of the second switch tube is simultaneously connected to the output terminal of the vehicle power input DC-DC module and the enable terminal EN of the charging management chip U1 , the low potential end of the second switch tube is grounded.
上述结构中，所述第一开关管采用三极管Q1，所述三极管Q1的发射极为第一开关管的输入端，所述三极管Q1的集电极为第一开关管的输出端，所述三极管Q1的基极为第一开关管的控制端。In the above structure, the first switching tube adopts a triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is the input terminal of the first switching tube, the collector of the triode Q1 is the output terminal of the first switching tube, and the transistor Q1 The base is the control terminal of the first switch tube.
上述结构中，所述第二开关管采用三极管Q3，所述三极管Q3的集电极为第二开关管的高电位端，所述三极管Q3的发射极为第二开关管的低电位端，所述三极管Q3的基极为第二开关管的控制端。In the above structure, the second switching tube adopts a triode Q3, the collector of the triode Q3 is the high potential end of the second switching tube, the emitter of the triode Q3 is the low potential end of the second switching tube, and the triode Q3 The base of Q3 is the control terminal of the second switch tube.
上述结构中，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括与所述超级电容并联的电容C10。In the above structure, the switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply and the supercapacitor power supply further includes a capacitor C10 connected in parallel with the supercapacitor.
在本发明实施例中，当车电掉电之后，系统供电能立马切换到超级电容供电，车电与备用电源超级电容之间的切换不需要增加额外的器件和电路、也不需要逻辑控制带来的不确定性，因此该供电切换电路的电路结构简单，并且电路运行稳定。In the embodiment of the present invention, when the vehicle power supply is powered off, the system power supply can be immediately switched to the supercapacitor power supply, and the switch between the vehicle power supply and the backup power supply supercapacitor does not need to add additional devices and circuits, and does not require a logic control belt. Therefore, the circuit structure of the power supply switching circuit is simple, and the circuit operation is stable.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是本发明实施例提供的基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路的结构图。FIG. 1 is a structural diagram of a switching circuit for switching between vehicle power supply and supercapacitor power supply based on vehicle power supply provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
具体实施方式detailed description
为了使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合附图及实施例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。应当理解，此处所描述的具体实施例仅仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。In order to make the object, technical solution and advantages of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described here are only used to explain the present invention, not to limit the present invention.
图1示出了本发明实施例提供的基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路的结构，为了便于说明，仅示出了与本发明实施例相关的部分。Fig. 1 shows the structure of the switching circuit for vehicle power supply and supercapacitor power supply based on the vehicle power supply provided by the embodiment of the present invention. For the convenience of description, only the parts related to the embodiment of the present invention are shown.
一种基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路，接被供电系统1，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路包括：A switch circuit based on vehicle power and supercapacitor power supply, connected to the power supply system 1, said vehicle power and supercapacitor power supply switch circuit based on vehicle power supply includes:
连接在电源与所述被供电系统1之间的车电输入DC-DC模块2；A vehicle electric input DC-DC module 2 connected between the power supply and the powered system 1;
依次串接在所述被供电系统的输入端与地之间的超级电容3、电感L1和MOS管Q2；A supercapacitor 3, an inductor L1, and a MOS transistor Q2 are sequentially connected in series between the input terminal of the powered system and the ground;
所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括二极管D1、电阻R11和充电管理芯片U1；The switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply and the supercapacitor power supply also includes a diode D1, a resistor R11 and a charging management chip U1;
所述二极管D1的阳极接所述MOS管Q2的源极，所述二极管D1的阴极接所述MOS管Q2的漏极，所述电阻R11连接在所述车电输入DC-DC模块2的输出端与与超级电容3之间，所述充电管理芯片U1的输入端IN和复位端RS分别接所述电阻R11的两端，所述充电管理芯片U1的输出端DR接所述MOS管Q2的栅极。The anode of the diode D1 is connected to the source of the MOS transistor Q2, the cathode of the diode D1 is connected to the drain of the MOS transistor Q2, and the resistor R11 is connected to the output of the vehicle power input DC-DC module 2 Between the terminal and the supercapacitor 3, the input terminal IN and the reset terminal RS of the charging management chip U1 are respectively connected to the two ends of the resistor R11, and the output terminal DR of the charging management chip U1 is connected to the MOS tube Q2. grid.
作为本发明一实施例，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括过压保护模块，所述过压保护模块包括：As an embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle power and supercapacitor power supply switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply also includes an overvoltage protection module, and the overvoltage protection module includes:
可控精密稳压源U2、电阻R1、电阻R16、第一开关管4和第二开关管5；Controllable precision voltage regulator U2, resistor R1, resistor R16, first switching tube 4 and second switching tube 5;
所述第一开关管4的输入端接所述电阻R11，所述第一开关管4的输出端接所述第二开关管5的控制端，所述第一开关管4的控制端接所述可控精密稳压源U2的阴极，所述电阻R16和电阻R1串接在所述第一开关管4的输入端与可控精密稳压源U2的阳极之间，所述可控精密稳压源U2的参考极接所述电阻R16和电阻R1的公共连接端，所述第二开关管5的高电位端同时接所述车电输入DC-DC模块的输出端与所述充电管理芯片U1的使能端EN，所述第二开关管5的低电位端接地。The input terminal of the first switch tube 4 is connected to the resistor R11, the output terminal of the first switch tube 4 is connected to the control terminal of the second switch tube 5, and the control terminal of the first switch tube 4 is connected to the The cathode of the controllable precision voltage regulator U2, the resistor R16 and the resistor R1 are connected in series between the input end of the first switch tube 4 and the anode of the controllable precision voltage regulator U2, the controllable precision regulator The reference pole of the voltage source U2 is connected to the common connection terminal of the resistor R16 and the resistor R1, and the high potential terminal of the second switch tube 5 is connected to the output terminal of the vehicle power input DC-DC module and the charging management chip at the same time. The enable terminal EN of U1, and the low potential terminal of the second switch tube 5 are grounded.
作为本发明一实施例，所述第一开关管4采用三极管Q1，所述三极管Q1的发射极为第一开关管4的输入端，所述三极管Q1的集电极为第一开关管4的输出端，所述三极管Q1的基极为第一开关管4的控制端。As an embodiment of the present invention, the first switching tube 4 is a triode Q1, the emitter of the triode Q1 is the input terminal of the first switching tube 4, and the collector of the triode Q1 is the output terminal of the first switching tube 4 , the base of the triode Q1 is the control terminal of the first switch tube 4 .
作为本发明一实施例，所述第二开关管5采用三极管Q3，所述三极管Q3的集电极为第二开关管5的高电位端，所述三极管Q3的发射极为第二开关管5的低电位端，所述三极管Q3的基极为第二开关管5的控制端。As an embodiment of the present invention, the second switching tube 5 adopts a triode Q3, the collector of the triode Q3 is the high potential end of the second switching tube 5, and the emitter of the triode Q3 is the low potential end of the second switching tube 5. The potential end, the base of the triode Q3 is the control end of the second switch tube 5 .
作为本发明一实施例，所述基于车载电源的车电与超级电容供电切换电路还包括与所述超级电容3并联的电容C10。As an embodiment of the present invention, the switching circuit based on the vehicle power supply and the supercapacitor power supply further includes a capacitor C10 connected in parallel with the supercapacitor 3 .
设置过压保护模块的目的是：超级电容3必须工作在额定的电压范围内，所以必须对超级电容3的电压进行保护。保护通过电阻R1、电阻R16、可控精密稳压源U2来设定超级电容3两端的电压，当电压超过设定值的时候，可控精密稳压源U2的KA会导通，从而三极管Q1会导通，CHAR_EN的电压就为输入电压，这样三极管Q3就会导通，继而充电管理芯片U1的使能端EN接地，充电管理芯片U1停止工作，从而达到保护超级电容3的两端电压的目的。The purpose of setting the overvoltage protection module is: the supercapacitor 3 must work within the rated voltage range, so the voltage of the supercapacitor 3 must be protected. The protection uses the resistor R1, the resistor R16, and the controllable precision voltage regulator U2 to set the voltage across the supercapacitor 3. When the voltage exceeds the set value, the KA of the controllable precision voltage regulator U2 will be turned on, so that the triode Q1 will be turned on, and the voltage of CHAR_EN is the input voltage, so that the triode Q3 will be turned on, and then the enable terminal EN of the charging management chip U1 is grounded, and the charging management chip U1 stops working, so as to protect the voltage at both ends of the supercapacitor 3 Purpose.
工作原理：working principle:
车电输入设备进行DC-DC转换后，VIN一路直接给被供电系统1供电，一路给超级电容3充电，并且超级电容3的Vcap直接接在VIN上，当车电掉电之后由Vcap充当VIN持续给被供电系统1供电。此方案中的重点是我们对超级电容3的负极Vcap-进行充电，这样就算开机的时候超级电容的电没有充满，超级电容3的正极Vcap的电压始终与VIN的电压相等(相对于GND)，这样就不会等到超级电容3的电充到系统最小工作电压的时候系统才开始工作。After the car power input device performs DC-DC conversion, VIN directly supplies power to the power supply system 1 all the way, and charges the super capacitor 3 all the way, and the Vcap of the super capacitor 3 is directly connected to VIN. When the car power is turned off, Vcap acts as VIN Continuously supply power to the powered system 1 . The key point of this solution is that we charge the negative pole Vcap- of the supercapacitor 3, so that even if the supercapacitor is not fully charged when the power is turned on, the voltage of the positive pole Vcap of the supercapacitor 3 is always equal to the voltage of VIN (relative to GND), In this way, the system will not start to work until the electricity of the supercapacitor 3 is charged to the minimum operating voltage of the system.
正常工作中，VIN一部分给被供电系统1供电，一部分给超级电容3的Vcap充电，开始充电时候，超级电容3的Vcap-的电压和Vcap的电压相等，随着持续的充电，最终Vcap-的电压与GND的电压时几乎相等的，此时超级电容3的能量达到最大；当车电掉电的时候，超级电容3通过二极管D1继续给被供电系统1供电，从而达到保护系统关键数据的存储的目的。During normal operation, part of VIN supplies power to the powered system 1, and part of VIN charges the Vcap of the supercapacitor 3. When charging starts, the Vcap- voltage of the supercapacitor 3 is equal to the voltage of Vcap. With continuous charging, Vcap- The voltage is almost equal to the voltage of GND, at this time the energy of the supercapacitor 3 reaches the maximum; when the vehicle power is off, the supercapacitor 3 continues to supply power to the powered system 1 through the diode D1, so as to achieve the storage of key data of the protection system the goal of.
作为本发明一实施例，充电管理芯片U1采用MP24894GJ芯片。As an embodiment of the present invention, the charging management chip U1 adopts the MP24894GJ chip.
具体为：Specifically:
本发明实施例中采用MP24894GJ芯片作为超级电容3的充电管理系统，VIN电源是连接在系统供电的DC-DC上给系统供电。芯片通过管脚IN和RS之间的电压(200mV)，通过内部的误差放大器来控制DR管脚输出PWM波形从而控制外部的MOS管Q2的开通与关断。In the embodiment of the present invention, the MP24894GJ chip is used as the charging management system of the supercapacitor 3, and the VIN power supply is connected to the DC-DC of the system to supply power to the system. The chip controls the DR pin to output PWM waveform through the internal error amplifier through the voltage between the pin IN and RS (200mV), so as to control the opening and closing of the external MOS transistor Q2.
充电：Charge:
当IN和RS之间的电压小于200mV(V＝R11*Io)，DR输出PWM波形，开通MOS管Q2，DC_IN电压通过电感L1对超级电容3进行充电，当电流Io大于200Mv/R11的时候，DR输出的PWM波形关闭，电感L1通过电阻R11、超级电容3进行续流充电，当Io电流小于200Mv/R11时，DR再次输出PWM波形打开MOS管Q2，再次进行充电，经过重复的动态调整过程，最终能达到恒流对超级电容3进行充电。When the voltage between IN and RS is less than 200mV (V=R11*Io), DR outputs PWM waveform, turns on MOS transistor Q2, DC_IN voltage charges supercapacitor 3 through inductor L1, when current Io is greater than 200Mv/R11, The PWM waveform output by DR is turned off, and the inductor L1 is continuously charged through the resistor R11 and the super capacitor 3. When the Io current is less than 200Mv/R11, the DR outputs the PWM waveform again to turn on the MOS tube Q2, and then charges again. After repeated dynamic adjustment process , and finally a constant current can be reached to charge the supercapacitor 3 .
放电：discharge:
当车电掉电之后，因为Vcap是通过电阻与VIN连接的，所以就算车电掉电之后，Vcap会立刻通过电阻R11对VIN持续供电，能继续维持系统的工作。放电回路为：Vcap→R11→VIN→系统→GND→D1→L1→超级电容→Vcap。When the car power is off, because Vcap is connected to VIN through a resistor, even after the car power is off, Vcap will immediately continue to supply power to VIN through the resistor R11, and the system can continue to work. The discharge circuit is: Vcap→R11→VIN→system→GND→D1→L1→supercapacitor→Vcap.
在本发明实施例中，当车电掉电之后，系统供电能立马切换到超级电容供电，车电与备用电源超级电容之间的切换不需要增加额外的器件和电路、也不需要逻辑控制带来的不确定性，因此该供电切换电路的电路结构简单，并且电路运行稳定。In the embodiment of the present invention, when the vehicle power supply is powered off, the system power supply can be immediately switched to the supercapacitor power supply, and the switch between the vehicle power supply and the backup power supply supercapacitor does not need to add additional devices and circuits, and does not require a logic control belt. Therefore, the circuit structure of the power supply switching circuit is simple, and the circuit operation is stable.
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，并不用以限制本发明，凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above descriptions are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection of the present invention. within range.
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/CN2016/104552 WO2018082007A1 (en) | 2016-11-04 | 2016-11-04 | Circuit for power supply switching between vehicle battery and supercapacitor, based on on-board power source |
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| CN106537726A true CN106537726A (en) | 2017-03-22 |
| CN106537726B CN106537726B (en) | 2019-05-28 |
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| WO (1) | WO2018082007A1 (en) |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2018082007A1 (en) | 2018-05-11 |
| CN106537726B (en) | 2019-05-28 |
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