CN106633588B - 一种电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
- C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
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- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
- H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
- H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种电动汽车充电桩用弹性体电缆材料及其制备方法,其组分包括:SEBS(苯乙烯系弹性体),丁腈橡胶,TPU热塑性弹性体,高密度聚乙烯,均苯聚酰亚胺,低水合硼酸锌,相容剂,DMDPB(2,3‑二甲基‑2,3‑二苯基丁烷);本发明的电动汽车充电桩专用电缆材料,具有阻燃性能好、阻燃剂添加量低、耐热、阻燃剂低毒环保且廉价易得、低烟性、机械性能好等优点。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电缆材料,具体涉及一种电动汽车充电桩电缆材料及制备方法。
背景技术
热塑性弹性体,即TPE,既具有热塑性塑料的加工性能,又具有硫化橡胶的物理性能,可谓是塑料和橡胶优点的优势组合。热塑性弹性体正在大肆占领原本只属于硫化橡胶的领地。近十余年来,电子电器、通讯与汽车行业的快速发展带动了热塑性弹性体市的高速发展。热塑性弹性体(TPE)具有硫化橡胶的物理机械性能和热塑性塑料的工艺加工性能。由于不需经过热硫化,使用通用的塑料加工设备即可完成产品生产。
由于充电桩电缆负载电流较大,导体容易发热,同时充电桩电缆长期暴露于外界环境,存在遇明火而燃烧的风险。所以需要充电桩电缆的绝缘材料具有一定的阻燃性。复杂的外界环境需要电缆需要更好的耐候性,以及在应用时难免存在电缆曲绕的情况,所以相应的电缆应有较好的耐曲绕性能。而且导体通过高电流产生的热量容易引起电缆绝缘材料发热和老化,因此,充电桩用电缆对耐热氧老化性、耐候性、耐曲绕和阻燃等方面有较高要求。
CN103554814公开了一种耐高温性能好的TPE材料,它由下列重量份的各组分制成:氢化苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯嵌段共聚物80-100份、氢化环烷油80-100份、聚丙烯15-20份、丙烯-乙烯无规共聚物15-20份、碳酸钙100-120份、硬脂酸钙0.5-1份、2-叔丁基-4,6-二甲基苯酚0.1-0.2份、2,4,6-三叔丁基苯酚0.4-0.8份。该TPE材料耐热性能好,压缩形变、弹性恢复等物性不会因温度过高而显著下降,然而其阻燃性能较差。
CN201410390759公开了一种电动汽车充电桩电缆用的改性TPE 混合材料及其制备方法,该TPE 混合材料按重量份包括如下组分:热塑性弹性体50~70份,增强剂10~20份,阻燃剂25~55份,润滑剂0.2~0.5份,偶联剂0.1~0.3份,抗氧剂0.1~0.3份,该材料因阻燃剂添加量较大而强度较低,并且耐油性、耐热性和耐刮性较差,限制了其在电动汽车充电桩电缆上的应用。
电动汽车充电桩电缆材料因其使用环境的特殊性不可避免要使用阻燃剂,我国已经成为阻燃剂生产大国,在很多领域卤系阻燃物仍然是主导,虽然含卤阻燃材料具有优越的阻燃性,但它们在燃烧时产生较多的烟雾和有毒的、有腐蚀性的气体(卤化氢)。这些有毒气体对人体呼吸道和其它器官有严重危害,阻碍救灾工作的进行,并且它们的扩散速度远大于火焰的扩散速度,是火灾中最危险的因素。处于环保的考虑,这些年,磷系阻燃剂逐渐替代卤系阻燃物,但磷系阻燃剂仍存在一些缺点,如耐热性差、挥发性大、相容性不理想,而且在燃烧时有滴落物产生等。氮系阻燃剂涉及三聚氰胺、三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯、三聚氰胺甲醇缩合物、聚酰胺、聚酰亚胺、胍盐、胍缩合物等,并以三聚氰胺和三聚氰胺氰脲酸酯为主体。目前,总的来说,氮系阻燃剂的阻燃性能不是很好,需要与其它阻燃剂复合使用。三氧化二锑因为使用量低、协同效果好在阻燃协效剂中被广泛应用,但三氧化二锑的工艺具有特殊性,不可避免的引入镉等重金属,对环境有不良影响,所以,开发环保、综合性能更好的阻燃协效剂也是未来的热点。
发明内容
本发明的电动汽车充电桩专用电缆材料,具有阻燃性能好、阻燃剂添加量低、耐热、阻燃剂低毒环保且廉价易得、低烟性、机械性能好等优点。
一种电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,该材料成分按重量份计算,原料包括:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
低水合硼酸锌:10-15份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:2-3份,
其中:
(1)所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝SEBS和马来酸酐接枝PE的混合物,其中所述马来酸酐接枝SEBS与马来酸酐接枝PE的重量比为1:2;
(2)所述苯乙烯系弹性体为星型结构的含有苯乙烯结构单位的各类嵌段共聚物,并且所述苯乙烯系弹性体中含有的苯乙烯与丁二烯的重量比为3:1。
优选地,所述低水合硼酸锌为2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O。
优选地,所述的2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O的粒径≦2μm。
优选地,所述的2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O的粒径为75nm。
优选地,所述丁腈橡胶为氢化度大于99%的丁腈橡胶。
优选地,所述TPU热塑性弹性体为聚酯型TPU。
优选地,材料中还包括0.1-1份的抗氧剂。
优选地,所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的混合物,其中抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量比为1:2。
制备所述电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称料:按照组成准确称取各种物料备用;
(2)向高速混合机中加入所述SEBS、丁腈橡胶,TPU热塑性弹性体,高密度聚乙烯,均苯聚酰亚胺,在80℃下以900转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟,再加入低水合硼酸锌,相容剂,DMDPB,在100℃下以1000转/分混合的条件下得到混合物料;
(3)将步骤2中得到的混合物料放入到双螺杆挤出机中进行熔融捏合并挤出,挤出温度为220℃,螺杆转速为550rpm;再对挤出机模头挤出的熔融输出物进行水冷却,制成粒料后包装即完成。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步说明,本发明的方式包括但不仅限于以下实施例。
实施例1,本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):10份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:1份,
抗氧剂:0.2份,
其中:
(1)所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝SEBS和马来酸酐接枝PE的混合物,其中所述马来酸酐接枝SEBS与马来酸酐接枝PE 的重量比为1:2;
(2)所述抗氧剂为是抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的混合物,其中抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量比为1:2。
(3)所述苯乙烯系弹性体(SEBS)为星型结构的含有苯乙烯结构单位的各类嵌段共聚物,并且所述苯乙烯系弹性体中含有的苯乙烯与丁二烯的重量比为3:1。
(4)所述丁腈橡胶为氢化度大于99%的丁腈橡胶,所述TPU热塑性弹性体为聚酯型TPU。
采用上述材料制备电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)称料:按照组成准确称取各种物料备用;
(2)向高速混合机中加入所述SEBS、丁腈橡胶,TPU热塑性弹性体,高密度聚乙烯,均苯聚酰亚胺,在80℃下以900转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟,再加入低水合硼酸锌,相容剂,DMDPB,抗氧剂,在100℃下以1000转/分混合的条件下得到混合物料;
(3)将步骤2中得到的混合物料放入到双螺杆挤出机中进行熔融捏合并挤出,挤出温度为220℃,螺杆转速为550rpm;再对挤出机模头挤出的熔融输出物进行水冷却,制成粒料后包装即完成。
实施例2,本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):10份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:2份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
实施例3,本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):10份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:3份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
实施例4,本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):5份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:3份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
实施例5、本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):15份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:2份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
实施例6、本实施例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):15份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:1份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
对比例1、本对比例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,不同的是,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
聚氰胺氰尿酸盐与二乙基次磷酸盐的混合物(1:1):40份,
硅酮母粒: 3份,
相容剂:4份,
抗氧剂:0.2份,
抑烟剂:4份。
(1)所述的抑烟剂为硼酸锌。
对比例2、本对比例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,2μm):10份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:2份,
抗氧剂:0.2份。
对比例3、本对比例的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的制备方法如实施例1,其组成及重量份配比如下:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O(粒径,75nm):10份,
相容剂:4份,
Sb2O3:2份,
抗氧剂:1份。
表1、实施例1-6及对比例1-3的组成
| SEBS | 丁腈橡胶 | TPU | 高密度聚乙烯 | 均苯聚酰胺 | 2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O (粒径,75nm) | 相容剂 | DMDPB | 抗氧剂 | 聚氰胺氰尿酸盐与二乙基次磷酸盐的混合物(1:1) | 2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O (粒径,2μm) | 硅酮母粒 | 抑烟剂 | Sb2O3 | |
| 实施例1 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 实施例2 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 实施例3 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 实施例4 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 5 | 4 | 3 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 实施例5 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 4 | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 实施例6 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 4 | 1 | 0.2 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 对比例1 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 4 | 0 | 0.2 | 40 | 0 | 3 | 4 | 0 |
| 对比例2 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 0 | 4 | 2 | 0.2 | 0 | 10 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| 对比例3 | 20 | 10 | 15 | 15 | 15 | 10 | 4 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 |
表一部分内容的解释:
(1)表中所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝SEBS和马来酸酐接枝PE的混合物,其中所述马来酸酐接枝SEBS与马来酸酐接枝PE 的重量比为1:2;
(2)表中所述抗氧剂为是抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的混合物,其中抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量比为1:2。
(3)表中所述苯乙烯系弹性体(SEBS)为星型结构的含有苯乙烯结构单位的各类嵌段共聚物,并且所述苯乙烯系弹性体中含有的苯乙烯与丁二烯的重量比为3:1。
(4)表中所述丁腈橡胶为氢化度大于99%的丁腈橡胶,所述TPU热塑性弹性体为聚酯型TPU。
(5)表中所述的抑烟剂为硼酸锌。
表2、实施例1-6及对比例1-3的各项指标及对比结果
相对于最接近的对比文献CN201510516682,本发明的有益效果是:
对比文献采用磷系阻燃剂二乙基次磷酸盐和氮系作为复合阻燃剂,二乙基次磷酸盐属于小分子磷系阻燃剂,其易挥发, 不仅使加工环境变差,而且易析出,污染模具,价格也比较昂贵。本发明采用低水合硼酸锌作为阻燃剂,尤其是2ZnO·B2O3·H2O,仅需要添加更低的量就可以达到CN201510516682优选实施方式的阻燃效果。
阻燃协效剂为2,3-二甲基-2,3-二苯基丁烷(DMDPB),与阻燃剂在一定的比例范围内组合,可以有效降低阻燃剂的用量,对电缆材料机械性能影响非常小,而且克服了现有高效协效剂Sb2O3生烟量高的缺点。
水合硼酸锌和DMDPB不仅有阻燃作用,同时也有抑烟作用,本发明的电缆材料未添加抑烟剂,就达到了CN201510516682优选实施方式的抑烟效果。组成相对简单,减少工艺步骤。在一定范围内,我们对比了2ZnO·B2O3·H2O粒径不同对抑烟效果和其他指标的影响。发现选择粒径小的2ZnO·B2O3·H2O抑烟效果更好。
Claims (7)
1.一种电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于,按重量份计,该材料各组分包括:
SEBS:20份,
丁腈橡胶:10份,
TPU热塑性弹性体:15份,
高密度聚乙烯:15份,
均苯聚酰亚胺:15份,
低水合硼酸锌:10-15份,
相容剂:4份,
DMDPB:2-3份,
其中:
所述相容剂为马来酸酐接枝SEBS和马来酸酐接枝PE的混合物,其中所述马来酸酐接枝SEBS与马来酸酐接枝PE的重量比为1:2;
所述的SEBS为星型结构的含有苯乙烯结构单位的各类嵌段共聚物,并且所述SEBS中含有的苯乙烯与丁二烯的重量比为3:1;
所述的低水合硼酸锌为2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O;
所述的2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O的粒径≦2μm。
2.如权利要求1所述的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于:所述的2ZnO·3B2O3·5H2O的粒径为75nm。
3.如权利要求1所述的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于:所述丁腈橡胶为氢化度大于99%的丁腈橡胶。
4.如权利要求1所述的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于:所述TPU热塑性弹性体为聚酯型TPU。
5.如权利要求4所述的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于:材料中还包括0.1-1份的抗氧剂。
6.如权利要求5所述的电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂是抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的混合物,其中抗氧剂1010与抗氧剂168的重量比为1:2。
7.制备如权利要求1-6任一项所述电动汽车充电桩用电缆材料的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)称料:按照组成准确称取各种物料备用;
(2)向高速混合机中加入所述SEBS、丁腈橡胶,TPU热塑性弹性体,高密度聚乙烯,均苯聚酰亚胺,在80℃下以900转/分钟的转速搅拌5分钟,再加入低水合硼酸锌,相容剂,DMDPB,在100℃下以1000转/分混合的条件下得到混合物料;
(3)将步骤2中得到的混合物料放入到双螺杆挤出机中进行熔融捏合并挤出,挤出温度为220℃,螺杆转速为550rpm;再对挤出机模头挤出的熔融输出物进行水冷却,制成粒料后包装即完成。
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| CN102356123A (zh) * | 2009-04-28 | 2012-02-15 | 第一工业制药株式会社 | 阻燃性发泡苯乙烯系树脂组合物 |
| CN105038088A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-11 | 中广核三角洲(苏州)高聚物有限公司 | 一种耐油耐寒耐高温电动汽车充电桩用弹性体电缆料及其制备方法 |
| CN105556028A (zh) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-05-04 | 溴化合物有限公司 | 作为纺织品整理阻燃剂制剂的溴化环氧聚合物 |
| CN105980467A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-09-28 | 科莱恩国际有限公司 | 聚合物泡沫 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102356123A (zh) * | 2009-04-28 | 2012-02-15 | 第一工业制药株式会社 | 阻燃性发泡苯乙烯系树脂组合物 |
| CN105556028A (zh) * | 2013-09-12 | 2016-05-04 | 溴化合物有限公司 | 作为纺织品整理阻燃剂制剂的溴化环氧聚合物 |
| CN105980467A (zh) * | 2013-12-16 | 2016-09-28 | 科莱恩国际有限公司 | 聚合物泡沫 |
| CN105038088A (zh) * | 2015-08-21 | 2015-11-11 | 中广核三角洲(苏州)高聚物有限公司 | 一种耐油耐寒耐高温电动汽车充电桩用弹性体电缆料及其制备方法 |
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