CN106908480A - Dust explosion flame transmission measuring behavior experimental system - Google Patents
Dust explosion flame transmission measuring behavior experimental system Download PDFInfo
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- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract 15
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000197 pyrolysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010049633 Shoshin beriberi Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004200 deflagration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001066 destructive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007706 flame test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001902 propagating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N25/00—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means
- G01N25/50—Investigating or analyzing materials by the use of thermal means by investigating flash-point; by investigating explosibility
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及粉尘燃烧技术领域，尤其涉及一种粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统。The invention relates to the technical field of dust combustion, in particular to an experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of dust explosion flames.
背景技术Background technique
粉尘爆炸是粉尘在爆炸极限范围内，遇到热源(明火或高温表面等)，形成火焰并瞬间传播至易燃粉尘散布空间，同时释放大量热，产生高温和爆燃超压导致破坏效应的现象。其对众多涉及易燃粉体制备、使用和处理的行业，如染料、药物、粮食、金属、塑料、织物、木材、采矿等行业，一直构成严重威胁。Dust explosion is a phenomenon in which dust encounters a heat source (open flame or high-temperature surface, etc.) within the explosion limit range, forms a flame and spreads to the space where combustible dust is scattered, and releases a large amount of heat at the same time, resulting in high temperature and deflagration overpressure leading to destructive effects. It has been a serious threat to many industries involved in the preparation, use and handling of flammable powders, such as dyes, pharmaceuticals, food, metals, plastics, fabrics, wood, mining and other industries.
粉尘爆炸的易发性、偶然性和强破坏性等特征，缘于粉尘爆炸火焰传播过程的复杂性。相比于气体爆炸火焰传播，粉尘爆炸火焰传播集中在固相粒子、热解气化可燃气体及液化粒子共存的异相体系中进行，悬浮于空气中的粒子历经受热、热解/气化、与氧化剂混合、点燃、燃烧及熄灭的动力学过程，这决定了粉尘爆炸火焰传播过程为非稳态传播且易受多种因素的影响，如粒子的理化特性、粒径、形状、浓度等。因此，全面揭示粉尘爆炸中火焰的传播机理，从本质上防控粉尘爆炸危害的目的，既有科学研究价值又是现实应用需求。The characteristics of dust explosion, such as susceptibility, accident and strong destructiveness, are due to the complexity of the flame propagation process of dust explosion. Compared with the flame propagation of gas explosions, the flame propagation of dust explosions is concentrated in a heterogeneous system where solid particles, pyrolysis gasification combustible gases and liquefied particles coexist. The particles suspended in the air undergo heating, pyrolysis/gasification, The kinetic process of mixing, igniting, burning and extinguishing with an oxidant determines that the flame propagation process of a dust explosion is an unsteady state propagation and is easily affected by various factors, such as the physical and chemical properties, particle size, shape, concentration, etc. of particles. Therefore, the purpose of comprehensively revealing the flame propagation mechanism in dust explosions and essentially preventing and controlling the hazards of dust explosions has both scientific research value and practical application requirements.
目前，国内外研究粉尘燃烧爆炸所用的实验装置大多是密闭容器，如20L爆炸球、粉尘云着火温度测试装置等，而极少数机构研究开放空间粉尘爆炸火焰结构和传播机理，且现有的极少数开放空间粉尘爆炸火焰测试实验装置大多采用在开放空间自由喷吹粉尘，不能形成浓度均匀的粉尘云，颗粒粒径也完全取决于购置的粉尘样品。Shoshin、Dreizin根据静电原理设计了产生金属气溶胶的实验装置；Goroshin、Risha等根据电动推杆送料原理建立了预混粉尘火焰装置。这两种装置都是在完全开放空间喷撒粉尘，不能形成浓度均匀的粉尘云。于2012年1月18日公布的中国专利申请CN201110153130.5提供了一种“开放空间粉尘连续吹喷预混燃烧实验系统”，所述的粉尘燃烧实验系统是将粉尘分散到完全开放的空间，但不能形成浓度均匀的粉尘云，同时不能对颗粒不均匀的有机粉尘进行处理，形成粒度均匀、形状规则的粉尘云。At present, most of the experimental devices used to study dust combustion explosions at home and abroad are closed containers, such as 20L explosive balls, dust cloud ignition temperature test devices, etc., but very few institutions study the flame structure and propagation mechanism of dust explosions in open spaces, and the existing very few A small number of open space dust explosion flame test experimental devices mostly use free spraying of dust in the open space, which cannot form a uniform dust cloud, and the particle size depends entirely on the purchased dust samples. Shoshin and Dreizin designed an experimental device for producing metal aerosols based on the electrostatic principle; Goroshin and Risha established a premixed dust flame device based on the principle of electric push rod feeding. These two devices spray dust in a completely open space and cannot form a uniform dust cloud. The Chinese patent application CN201110153130.5 published on January 18, 2012 provides an "open space dust continuous injection premixed combustion experimental system", the dust combustion experimental system is to disperse the dust into a completely open space, However, it cannot form a dust cloud with uniform concentration, and at the same time, it cannot process organic dust with uneven particles to form a dust cloud with uniform particle size and regular shape.
发明内容Contents of the invention
鉴于背景技术中存在的问题，本发明的目的在于提供一种粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统，其能在观测区域内形成粒度均匀、形状规则的粉尘云，进而实现在观测区域内观测粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。In view of the problems existing in the background technology, the object of the present invention is to provide an experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of dust explosion flames, which can form dust clouds with uniform particle size and regular shape in the observation area, and then realize the observation of dust in the observation area. The propagation behavior of explosion flames.
为了实现上述目的，本发明提供了一种粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统，其包括：管道组件，形成有观测区域；粉尘供给装置，向观测区域提供粉尘；以及点火机构，固定设置于管道组件并用于点燃观测区域内的粉尘。粉尘供给装置包括：储粉罐，储存有粉尘；喷嘴，连通储粉罐；加热机构，将储粉罐内的粉尘加热至熔点以形成液态燃料；以及第一高压储气罐，储存有高压气体且通过第一管路连通于储粉罐。其中，储粉罐内的液态燃料在第一高压储气罐内的高压气体的推动作用下经由喷嘴喷入观测区域中，然后被点火机构点燃，从而实现在观测区域内观测粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experiment system, which includes: a pipeline assembly, forming an observation area; a dust supply device, providing dust to the observation area; and an ignition mechanism, fixedly arranged in the pipeline components and is used to ignite dust in the observation area. The dust supply device includes: a powder storage tank, which stores dust; a nozzle, connected to the powder storage tank; a heating mechanism, which heats the dust in the powder storage tank to the melting point to form liquid fuel; and a first high-pressure gas storage tank, which stores high-pressure gas And communicate with the powder storage tank through the first pipeline. Among them, the liquid fuel in the powder storage tank is sprayed into the observation area through the nozzle under the push of the high-pressure gas in the first high-pressure gas storage tank, and then ignited by the ignition mechanism, so as to realize the observation of the propagation of the dust explosion flame in the observation area Behavior.
本发明的有益效果如下：The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，储粉罐内的粉尘被加热机构加热成液态，液态燃料通过第一高压储气罐和喷嘴被均匀喷入观测区域中以形成粒度均匀、形状规则的粉尘云，粉尘云被点火机构点燃后，从而实现在观测区域内观测粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。In the dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experimental system according to the present invention, the dust in the powder storage tank is heated into a liquid state by the heating mechanism, and the liquid fuel is uniformly sprayed into the observation area through the first high-pressure gas storage tank and the nozzle to form a particle size Uniform, regular-shaped dust cloud, after the dust cloud is ignited by the ignition mechanism, the propagation behavior of the dust explosion flame can be observed in the observation area.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统的简化示意图。Fig. 1 is a simplified schematic diagram of an experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of a dust explosion flame according to the present invention.
图2是图1中的管道组件的一连接示意图，其中观测区域处于封闭状态。Fig. 2 is a schematic connection diagram of the pipeline assembly in Fig. 1, wherein the observation area is in a closed state.
图3是图1中的粉尘供给装置的连接示意图。Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection of the dust supply device in Fig. 1 .
图4是图1中的管道组件的另一连接示意图，其中观测区域处于开放状态。Fig. 4 is another connection schematic diagram of the pipeline assembly in Fig. 1, wherein the observation area is in an open state.
其中，附图标记说明如下：Wherein, the reference signs are explained as follows:
1 管道组件 25 第二高压储气罐1 Pipe assembly 25 Second high-pressure air receiver
11 顶部管道 26 针型塞11 Top pipe 26 Needle plug
12 中部管道 27 第三高压储气罐12 Middle pipeline 27 The third high-pressure gas storage tank
121 凸部 28 热电偶121 Protrusion 28 Thermocouple
13 底部管道 3 点火机构13 Bottom pipe 3 Ignition mechanism
14 底座 31 点火电极14 Base 31 Ignition electrode
15 电磁伸缩器 32 点火器15 Electromagnetic retractor 32 Igniter
151 伸缩杆 S 观测区域151 Telescoping rod S Observation field
2 粉尘供给装置 M 金属丝网2 Dust supply device M Wire mesh
21 储粉罐 V 电磁阀21 Powder storage tank V Solenoid valve
22 喷嘴 F 压力表22 Nozzle F Gauge
221 腔体 P1 第一管路221 Chamber P1 first line
222 喷口 P2 第二管路222 Spout P2 2nd line
23 加热机构 P3 第三管路23 Heating mechanism P3 third line
24 第一高压储气罐24 The first high-pressure gas storage tank
具体实施方式detailed description
下面参照附图来详细说明根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统。The experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of dust explosion flames according to the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
参照图1至图4，根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统包括：管道组件1，形成有观测区域S；粉尘供给装置2，向观测区域S提供粉尘；以及点火机构3，固定设置于管道组件1并用于点燃观测区域S内的粉尘。粉尘供给装置2包括：储粉罐21，储存有粉尘；喷嘴22，连通储粉罐21；加热机构23，将储粉罐21内的粉尘加热至熔点以形成液态燃料；以及第一高压储气罐24，储存有高压气体且通过第一管路P1连通于储粉罐21。其中，储粉罐21内的液态燃料在第一高压储气罐24内的高压气体的推动作用下经由喷嘴22喷入观测区域S中，然后被点火机构3点燃，从而实现在观测区域S内观测粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。Referring to Figures 1 to 4, the experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of a dust explosion flame according to the present invention includes: a pipeline assembly 1, which is formed with an observation area S; a dust supply device 2, which provides dust to the observation area S; and an ignition mechanism 3, which is fixed It is set in the duct assembly 1 and used to ignite the dust in the observation area S. The dust supply device 2 includes: a powder storage tank 21, which stores dust; a nozzle 22, which communicates with the powder storage tank 21; a heating mechanism 23, which heats the dust in the powder storage tank 21 to the melting point to form a liquid fuel; and a first high-pressure gas storage The tank 24 stores high-pressure gas and communicates with the powder storage tank 21 through the first pipeline P1. Among them, the liquid fuel in the powder storage tank 21 is sprayed into the observation area S through the nozzle 22 under the impetus of the high-pressure gas in the first high-pressure gas storage tank 24, and then is ignited by the ignition mechanism 3, so that the liquid fuel in the observation area S is realized. Observe the flame propagation behavior of a dust explosion.
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，储粉罐21内的粉尘被加热机构23加热成液态，液态燃料通过第一高压储气罐24和喷嘴22被均匀喷入观测区域S中以形成粒度均匀、形状规则的粉尘云，粉尘云被点火机构3点燃后，从而实现在观测区域S内观测粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。In the dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experimental system according to the present invention, the dust in the powder storage tank 21 is heated into a liquid state by the heating mechanism 23, and the liquid fuel is evenly sprayed into the observation area through the first high-pressure gas storage tank 24 and the nozzle 22 In S, a dust cloud with uniform particle size and regular shape is formed. After the dust cloud is ignited by the ignition mechanism 3, the propagation behavior of the dust explosion flame can be observed in the observation area S.
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，参照图1、图2和图4，管道组件1可包括：顶部管道11，上端连接有金属丝网M；中部管道12，位于顶部管道11的下方，且顶部管道11的下端面与中部管道12的上端面对齐；底部管道13，可滑动的连接于中部管道12；以及底座14，用于支撑底部管道13，且底座14与底部管道13、中部管道12以及顶部管道11一起形成管道组件1的观测区域S。其中，顶部管道11固定于支撑架(未示出)上，金属丝网M通过法兰固定连接于顶部管道11，底部管道13通过法兰固定连接于底座14。这里，金属丝网M完全遮盖顶部管道11的顶部开口，以阻止粉尘泄露和粉尘火焰传播到顶部管道11上侧。In the experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of dust explosion flames according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 4, the duct assembly 1 may include: a top duct 11, the upper end of which is connected with a wire mesh M; a middle duct 12 located at the top Below the pipe 11, and the lower end surface of the top pipe 11 is aligned with the upper end surface of the middle pipe 12; the bottom pipe 13 is slidably connected to the middle pipe 12; and the base 14 is used to support the bottom pipe 13, and the base 14 is aligned with the middle pipe 12. The bottom duct 13 , the middle duct 12 and the top duct 11 together form the viewing area S of the duct assembly 1 . Wherein, the top pipe 11 is fixed on a supporting frame (not shown), the wire mesh M is fixedly connected to the top pipe 11 through a flange, and the bottom pipe 13 is fixedly connected to the base 14 through a flange. Here, the wire mesh M completely covers the top opening of the top duct 11 to prevent dust from leaking and dust flames from propagating to the upper side of the top duct 11 .
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，参照图1、图2和图4，中部管道12的外径大于底部管道13的外径。中部管道12向周壁的外侧突出形成有凸部121。管道组件1还可包括：电磁伸缩器15，具有伸缩杆151，且伸缩杆151可分离的连接于中部管道12的凸部121。其中，当电磁伸缩器15的伸缩杆151伸出时，伸缩杆151与中部管道12的凸部121接触，电磁伸缩器15固定支撑中部管道12，中部管道12的下部外套于底部管道13的上部，从而底座14与底部管道13、中部管道12以及顶部管道11一起形成封闭的观测区域S(如图2所示)，而当伸缩杆151缩回时，电磁伸缩器15与中部管道12脱离接触，中部管道12沿着底部管道13的周壁下落，此时观测区域S由封闭变为开放(如图4所示)，从而可在开放的观测区域S内观察粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为。In the dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experimental system according to the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 and FIG. 4 , the outer diameter of the middle pipe 12 is larger than that of the bottom pipe 13 . A protrusion 121 is formed protruding from the middle pipe 12 to the outside of the peripheral wall. The pipe assembly 1 may further include: an electromagnetic telescopic device 15 having a telescoping rod 151 , and the telescoping rod 151 is detachably connected to the protrusion 121 of the middle pipe 12 . Wherein, when the telescopic rod 151 of the electromagnetic telescopic device 15 stretches out, the telescopic rod 151 contacts the convex part 121 of the middle pipe 12, and the electromagnetic telescopic device 15 fixedly supports the middle pipe 12, and the lower part of the middle pipe 12 is covered with the upper part of the bottom pipe 13 , so that the base 14 together with the bottom pipe 13, the middle pipe 12 and the top pipe 11 form a closed observation area S (as shown in Figure 2), and when the telescopic rod 151 is retracted, the electromagnetic telescopic device 15 is out of contact with the middle pipe 12 , the middle pipe 12 falls along the peripheral wall of the bottom pipe 13, at this time the observation area S changes from closed to open (as shown in Figure 4), so that the propagation behavior of the dust explosion flame can be observed in the open observation area S.
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，参照图1和图3，喷嘴22具有腔体221和喷口222。粉尘供给装置2还可包括：第二高压储气罐25，储存有高压气体且通过第二管路P2连通于喷嘴22的腔体221，第二高压储气罐25内的高压气体在喷嘴22的喷口222处将液态燃料分散成液滴，液滴在观测区域S中冷凝形成形状规则、粒度均匀的粉尘云。进一步参照图1和图3，粉尘供给装置2还可包括：针型塞26，与喷嘴22的喷口222相匹配以用于打开或关闭喷口222；以及第三高压储气罐27，储存有高压气体且通过第三管路P3连通于针型塞26，针型塞26在第三高压储气罐27内的高压气体的作用下上下运动以实现喷口222的打开或关闭。针型塞26位于喷嘴22中间，当第三高压储气罐27向针型塞26内加压时，针型塞26下落，针型塞26与喷口222脱离，喷嘴22被打开；反之，针型塞26上升时，针型塞26与喷口222接触，喷口222被关闭。In the dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experimental system according to the present invention, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the nozzle 22 has a cavity 221 and a nozzle 222 . The dust supply device 2 may also include: a second high-pressure gas storage tank 25, which stores high-pressure gas and communicates with the cavity 221 of the nozzle 22 through the second pipeline P2, and the high-pressure gas in the second high-pressure gas storage tank 25 flows through the nozzle 22 The liquid fuel is dispersed into droplets at the nozzle 222 of the nozzle, and the droplets condense in the observation area S to form a dust cloud with regular shape and uniform particle size. With further reference to Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, the dust supply device 2 may also include: a needle plug 26, matched with the nozzle 222 of the nozzle 22 for opening or closing the nozzle 222; The gas is connected to the needle plug 26 through the third pipeline P3, and the needle plug 26 moves up and down under the action of the high-pressure gas in the third high-pressure gas storage tank 27 to realize the opening or closing of the nozzle 222 . The needle plug 26 is located in the middle of the nozzle 22. When the third high-pressure gas storage tank 27 pressurizes the needle plug 26, the needle plug 26 falls, the needle plug 26 is separated from the nozzle 222, and the nozzle 22 is opened; When the type plug 26 rises, the needle type plug 26 contacts the spout 222, and the spout 222 is closed.
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，储粉罐21、喷嘴22以及针型塞24内设于加热机构23中，管道组件1的底座14固定连接于加热机构23，喷嘴22的喷口222直接面向管道组件1形成的观测区域S，从而储粉罐21内的粉尘经由第一高压储气罐24、第二高压储气罐25以及喷嘴22喷入观测区域S中。In the dust explosion flame propagation behavior observation experiment system according to the present invention, the powder storage tank 21, the nozzle 22 and the needle plug 24 are arranged in the heating mechanism 23, the base 14 of the pipeline assembly 1 is fixedly connected to the heating mechanism 23, and the nozzle The nozzle 222 of 22 directly faces the observation area S formed by the pipeline assembly 1, so that the dust in the powder storage tank 21 is sprayed into the observation area S through the first high-pressure air storage tank 24, the second high-pressure air storage tank 25 and the nozzle 22.
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，参照图1，点火机构3可包括：点火电极31，穿设于顶部管道11的周壁(点火电极31可采用螺纹连接于顶部管道11)；以及点火器32，电连接于点火电极31以使点火电极31点燃观测区域S内的粉尘。参照图1和图3，粉尘供给装置2还可包括：热电偶28，设置于储粉罐21的外部，用于测量储粉罐21中的温度。此外，储粉罐21与喷嘴22之间、第二管路P2和第三管路P3上均设置有电磁阀V。第一管路P1、第二管路P2以及第三管路P3上均设置有压力表F。In the propagation behavior observation experiment system of dust explosion flame according to the present invention, with reference to Fig. 1, ignition mechanism 3 can comprise: ignition electrode 31, penetrates in the peripheral wall of top pipeline 11 (ignition electrode 31 can adopt threaded connection on top pipeline 11 ); and an igniter 32 electrically connected to the ignition electrode 31 so that the ignition electrode 31 ignites the dust in the observation area S. Referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 3 , the dust supply device 2 may further include: a thermocouple 28 disposed outside the powder storage tank 21 for measuring the temperature in the powder storage tank 21 . In addition, a solenoid valve V is provided between the powder storage tank 21 and the nozzle 22 and on the second pipeline P2 and the third pipeline P3. Pressure gauges F are provided on the first pipeline P1 , the second pipeline P2 and the third pipeline P3 .
在根据本发明的粉尘爆炸火焰的传播行为观测实验系统中，储粉罐21内的粉尘为有机粉尘。In the experimental system for observing the propagation behavior of dust explosion flames according to the present invention, the dust in the powder storage tank 21 is organic dust.
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