CN106914971A - 一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺 - Google Patents
一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN106914971A CN106914971A CN201710149774.4A CN201710149774A CN106914971A CN 106914971 A CN106914971 A CN 106914971A CN 201710149774 A CN201710149774 A CN 201710149774A CN 106914971 A CN106914971 A CN 106914971A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
- B28B1/24—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material by injection moulding
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- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
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- B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
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Abstract
本发明涉及粉末冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到100‑200℃,保温0.5‑1.5h,再加入粘结剂,混炼2‑6h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为120‑260℃、喷砂嘴温度为100‑240℃、注射压力为20‑200MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。本发明的粉末注射成型工艺可以获得形状复杂的精密陶瓷零件,致密度高,产品均匀性好,一次成型,步骤简单,操作控制方便,质量稳定,生产效率高,生产成本低,可大规模工业化生产。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及粉末冶金技术领域,具体涉及一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺。
背景技术
陶瓷被广泛应用于精密轴承、密封件、气轮机转子、喷嘴、热交换器部件及原子核反应堆材料等。但是,由于陶瓷是共价键很强的化合物,具有高强度、高硬度的特点,难于制备形状复杂的零部件,限制了它的进一步应用。因此,如果能制备陶瓷复杂件,便可以在很大程度上扩大陶瓷的应用范围。
粉末注射成型技术是一种将金属或陶瓷粉末与粘结剂的混合料注射于模具型腔中的成形方法,它将成熟的现代聚合物注射成型与粉末冶金技术结合在一起,具有一次能成型出复杂形状的工件、工件尺寸精度高、无需机械加工并且易于实现高效率自动化生产等长处,特别适用于大批量制造形状复杂、高精密度、高性能材质的小型机械零件,是一种先进的零部件加工工艺,尤其是最近几年来在通讯业及更多高科技行业得到广泛应用,已经成为一个快速发展的新工艺领域。
对于复杂结构及精密陶瓷零件目前通常采用机械加工、磨削的方法获得,但工序多,生产效率低,浪费原材料,浪费能源。而且对于一些形状复杂的,如有台阶、锐角、盲孔等结构的零件,普通的加工方法较为困难,而且产品性能不佳。
发明内容
为了克服现有技术中存在的缺点和不足,本发明的目的在于提供一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,该粉末注射成型工艺可以获得形状复杂的精密陶瓷零件,致密度高,产品均匀性好,一次成型,步骤简单,操作控制方便,质量稳定,生产效率高,生产成本低,可大规模工业化生产。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到100-200℃,保温0.5-1.5h,再加入粘结剂,混炼2-6h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为120-260℃、喷砂嘴温度为100-240℃、注射压力为20-200MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氧化铝陶瓷粉末、氧化锆陶瓷粉末、氧化钇陶瓷粉末、氮化硼陶瓷粉末和碳化硅陶瓷粉末中的任意一种。
本发明通过采用上述陶瓷粉末,制得的陶瓷零件致密度高,产品均匀性好,还具有高温强度大、抗氧化性强、耐磨损性好、热稳定性佳、热膨胀系数小、热导率大、硬度高以及抗热震和耐化学腐蚀等优良特性。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的1%-10%,烧结助剂为B4C、WC、TiC、C、B、Al、Al3N4和Al4C3中的至少一种。
本发明通过在陶瓷粉末中加入上述烧结助剂,可与烧结物形成固溶体,可降低烧结温度,使扩散和烧结速度增大;还可以防止制品开裂,增加晶体中空位浓度使烧结加速,促进致密化进程。
优选的,所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的30%-50%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 40-60份
萘 20-40份
塑料 20-40份
增塑剂 4-8份
表面活性剂 1-5份
抗氧剂 0.5-1.5份
相容剂 0.1-0.5份。
本发明的粘结剂通过采用不同裂解温度的物质,特别是低温裂解的组分,采用各种不同温度裂解的蜡以及萘,且各组分经适配。将由此所得的喂料成型成生坯,通过采用适当的升温速率即可实现粘结剂的不同种类物质的逐步脱除,从而实现快速通过热分解形式脱除粘结剂。粘结剂脱除时间可以控制在几小时内全部脱除干净。粘结剂中包含多种裂解温度的组分,且含量配比效果好,可仅通过热脱,无需事先溶剂脱脂过程。整个脱脂过程简单易控,脱脂效率较高,且脱脂过程不会对坯体质量造成影响,且清洁环保。
脱脂过程通过控制升温速率,使不同裂解温度的组分有序地逐步分解,不致瞬间产生大量裂解挥发气体出现体积急剧膨胀的现象,从而坯体中不致产生鼓包缺陷。由于无需溶剂脱除过程,因此坯体也不会产生溶胀。整个脱脂过程对坯体质量有保证。
本发明的粘结剂直接通过热分解形式脱除,不需要对环境产生影响的酸催化剂,因此是一种清洁环保的粘结剂。
采用本发明的粘结剂制得的生坯可以直接进入烧结炉,实现脱脂和烧结在同一设备内完成。减少溶剂脱脂到热脱脂过程,以及脱脂到烧结过程的搬运,从而减少生坯在搬运过程造成的伤害,特别相比较催化脱脂生坯特别容易在运输过程产生不良。
优选的,所述蜡为液体石蜡、固体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡中的至少一种。
本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述蜡,便于后续脱脂,且脱脂后的坯料无变形、裂纹、起泡等常见缺陷。更为优选的,所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:0.8-1.2:1.5-2.5组成的混合物。
优选的,所述塑料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、共聚甲醛、改性聚乳酸树脂、丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、聚环氧乙烷和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的至少一种。
本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述塑料,制得的粘结剂对陶瓷粉末的适应性强、原料廉价易得并且环保以及易于脱除。更为优选的,所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比1.4-2.2:1:1.6-2.4组成的混合物。
优选的,所述聚乙烯为高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯中的至少一种。本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述聚乙烯,制得的粘结剂对陶瓷粉末的适应性强、原料廉价易得并且环保以及易于脱除。更为优选的,所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比0.8-1.2:0.5-1.5:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯为等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯中的至少一种。本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述聚丙烯,制得的粘结剂对陶瓷粉末的适应性强、原料廉价易得并且环保以及易于脱除。所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:1.5-2.5:2-4组成的混合物。
优选的,所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯和癸二酸二丁酯中的至少一种。本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述增塑剂,便于陶瓷粉末的注射成型。更为优选的,所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.4-0.8:0.8-1.2:1组成的混合物。
优选的,所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸辛酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。本发明的粘结剂通过采用上述表面活性剂,可以解决粉体表面润湿性不好,团聚严重的问题,提高粉末分散性和与有机粘结剂的相容性。更为优选的,所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比0.5-1.5:1:1.8-2.6组成的混合物。
优选的,所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1-2:1组成的混合物。
本发明的粘结剂通过采用抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168作为抗氧剂复配使用,并控制其重量比为1-2:1,制得的陶瓷零件具有较好的抗氧化性能。
所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。本发明的粘结剂通过采用端羟基超支化聚酯作为相容剂,可以提高粉末分散性和与有机粘结剂的相容性。
所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯的直径为0.4-4mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.1-0.3%、N:0.01-0.05%、Si:0.4-0.8%、Mn:0.2-0.6%、Cr:14-18%、Ni:0.3-0.7%、Mo:0.4-0.8%、Nb:0.08-0.12%、Ti:0.04-0.08%、W:0.2-0.6%、Zr:0.02-0.06%、B:0.002-0.006%、Yb:0.1-0.5%、Sn:0.16-0.24%、Sc:0.04-0.08%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
本发明的铬钢通过采用上述元素,并严格控制各元素的重量百分比,制得的主体结构具有优良的加工性能,耐腐蚀性,耐磨损性,抗热裂性,高至300℃或更高的耐热性能以及高刚性和高硬度。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.6-0.8%、Si:1.2-1.6%、Mn:0.1-0.3%、Cr:6-8%、Ni:0.5-0.9%、Mo:2.5-4.5%、Nb:0.2-0.6%、Ti:0.4-0.8%、W:2-4%、V:1-3%、Co:0.5-1.5%、Y:0.01-0.05%、As:0.005-0.009%、Sr:0.004-0.008%、Hf:0.001-0.005%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
本发明的高速钢通过采用上述元素,并严格控制各元素的重量百分比,制得的圆柱形型芯耐高温,强度高,且还具有较高的韧性、硬度、耐磨性、耐热性和耐腐蚀性,综合性能优异。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明的粉末注射成型工艺可以获得形状复杂的精密陶瓷零件,致密度高,产品均匀性好,一次成型,步骤简单,操作控制方便,质量稳定,生产效率高,生产成本低,可大规模工业化生产。
本发明的粉末注射成型工艺突破了传统机械加工生产效率低、成本高的技术局限,对于生产形状复杂及精密的3C陶瓷零部件,有着传统加工无法比拟的优势。
具体实施方式
为了便于本领域技术人员的理解,下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,实施方式提及的内容并非对本发明的限定。
实施例1:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到100℃,保温0.5h,再加入粘结剂,混炼2h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为120℃、喷砂嘴温度为100℃、注射压力为20MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氧化铝陶瓷粉末。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的1%,烧结助剂为B4C、WC或TiC。
所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的30%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 40份
萘 20份
塑料 20份
增塑剂 4份
表面活性剂 1份
抗氧剂 0.5份
相容剂 0.1份。
所述蜡为液体石蜡。
所述塑料为聚乙烯或聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯。
所述聚乙烯为高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯或线性低密度聚乙烯;所述聚丙烯为等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯或间规聚丙烯。
所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。
所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸。
所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
实施例2:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到12℃,保温0.8h,再加入粘结剂,混炼3h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为160℃、喷砂嘴温度为140℃、注射压力为50MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氧化锆陶瓷粉末。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的3%,烧结助剂为C。
所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的35%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 45份
萘 25份
塑料 25份
增塑剂 5份
表面活性剂 2份
抗氧剂 0.8份
相容剂 0.2份。
所述蜡为固体石蜡。
所述塑料为聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物或聚苯乙烯。
所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二辛酯。
所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸丁酯。
所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1.2:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
实施例3:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到150℃,保温1h,再加入粘结剂,混炼4h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为180℃、喷砂嘴温度为180℃、注射压力为100MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氧化钇陶瓷粉末。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的5%,烧结助剂为B。
所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的40%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 50份
萘 30份
塑料 30份
增塑剂 6份
表面活性剂 3份
抗氧剂 1份
相容剂 1份。
所述蜡为微晶石蜡。
所述塑料为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、共聚甲醛或改性聚乳酸树脂。
所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯。
所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸辛酯。
所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1.5:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
实施例4:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到180℃,保温1.2h,再加入粘结剂,混炼5h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为2200℃、喷砂嘴温度为200℃、注射压力为150MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氮化硼陶瓷粉末。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的8%,烧结助剂为Al。
所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的45%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 55份
萘 35份
塑料 35份
增塑剂 7份
表面活性剂 4份
抗氧剂 1.2份
相容剂 0.4份。
所述蜡为巴西棕榈蜡。
所述塑料为丙烯酸酯共聚物或聚丙烯酰胺。
所述增塑剂为癸二酸二丁酯。
所述表面活性剂为季戊四醇硬脂酸酯。
所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1.8:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
实施例5:一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到200℃,保温1.5h,再加入粘结剂,混炼6h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为260℃、喷砂嘴温度为240℃、注射压力为200MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为碳化硅陶瓷粉末。
所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的10%,烧结助剂为Al3N4或Al4C3。
所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的50%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 60份
萘 40份
塑料 40份
增塑剂 8份
表面活性剂 5份
抗氧剂 1.5份
相容剂 0.5份。
所述蜡为巴西棕榈蜡。
所述塑料为聚环氧乙烷或乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯。
所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸。
所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比2:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
实施例6:本实施例与上述实施例1的不同之处在于:所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:0.8:1.5组成的混合物。
所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比1.4:1:1.6组成的混合物。
所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比0.8:0.5:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:1.5:2组成的混合物。
所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.4:0.8:1组成的混合物。
所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比0.5:1:1.8组成的混合物。
实施例7:本实施例与上述实施例2的不同之处在于:所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:0.9:1.8组成的混合物。
所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比1.6:1:1.8组成的混合物。
所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比0.9:0.8:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:1.8:2.5组成的混合物。
所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.5:0.9:1组成的混合物。
所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比0.8:1:2组成的混合物。
实施例8:本实施例与上述实施例3的不同之处在于:所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:1:2组成的混合物。
所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比1.8:1:2组成的混合物。
所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比1:1:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:2:3组成的混合物。
所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.6:1:1组成的混合物。
所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比1:1:2.2组成的混合物。
实施例9:本实施例与上述实施例4的不同之处在于:所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:1.1:2.2组成的混合物。
所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比2:1:2.2组成的混合物。
所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比1.1:1.2:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:2.2:3.5组成的混合物。
所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.7:1.1:1组成的混合物。
所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比1.2:1:2.4组成的混合物。
实施例10:本实施例与上述实施例5的不同之处在于:所述蜡是由液体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡以重量比1:1.2:2.5组成的混合物。
所述塑料是由聚乙烯、聚丙烯和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以重量比2.2:1:2.4组成的混合物。
所述聚乙烯是由高密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯以重量比1.2:1.5:1组成的混合物。
所述聚丙烯是由等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯以重量比1:2.5:4组成的混合物。
所述增塑剂是由邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯和邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯以重量比0.8:1.2:1组成的混合物。
所述表面活性剂是由硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯以重量比1.5:1:2.6组成的混合物。
实施例11:本实施例与上述实施例1的不同之处在于:所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯直径0.4mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.1%、N:0.01%、Si:0.4%、Mn:0.2%、Cr:14%、Ni:0.3%、Mo:0.4%、Nb:0.08%、Ti:0.04%、W:0.2%、Zr:0.02%、B:0.002%、Yb:0.1%、Sn:0.16%、Sc:0.04%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.6%、Si:1.2%、Mn:0.1%、Cr:6%、Ni:0.5%、Mo:2.5%、Nb:0.2%、Ti:0.4%、W:2%、V:1%、Co:0.5%、Y:0.01%、As:0.005%、Sr:0.004%、Hf:0.001%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例12:本实施例与上述实施例2的不同之处在于:所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯直径1mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.15%、N:0.02%、Si:0.5%、Mn:0.3%、Cr:15%、Ni:0.4%、Mo:0.5%、Nb:0.09%、Ti:0.05%、W:0.3%、Zr:0.03%、B:0.003%、Yb:0.2%、Sn:0.18%、Sc:0.06%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.66%、Si:1.3%、Mn:0.15%、Cr:6.5%、Ni:0.6%、Mo:3%、Nb:0.3%、Ti:0.5%、W:2.5%、V:1.5%、Co:0.8%、Y:0.02%、As:0.006%、Sr:0.005%、Hf:0.002%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例13:本实施例与上述实施例3的不同之处在于:所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯直径3mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.2%、N:0.03%、Si:0.6%、Mn:0.4%、Cr:16%、Ni:0.5%、Mo:0.6%、Nb:0.1%、Ti:0.06%、W:0.4%、Zr:0.04%、B:0.004%、Yb:0.3%、Sn:0.2%、Sc:0.06%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.7%、Si:1.4%、Mn:0.2%、Cr:7%、Ni:0.7%、Mo:3.5%、Nb:0.4%、Ti:0.6%、W:3%、V:2%、Co:1%、Y:0.03%、As:0.007%、Sr:0.006%、Hf:0.003%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例14:本实施例与上述实施例4的不同之处在于:所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯直径3mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.25%、N:0.04%、Si:0.7%、Mn:0.5%、Cr:17%、Ni:0.6%、Mo:0.7%、Nb:0.11%、Ti:0.07%、W:0.5%、Zr:0.05%、B:0.005%、Yb:0.4%、Sn:0.22%、Sc:0.07%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.75%、Si:1.5%、Mn:0.25%、Cr:7.5%、Ni:0.8%、Mo:4%、Nb:0.5%、Ti:0.7%、W:3.5%、V:2.5%、Co:1.2%、Y:0.04%、As:0.008%、Sr:0.007%、Hf:0.004%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
实施例15:本实施例与上述实施例5的不同之处在于:所述步骤(2)中,模具由主体结构和圆柱形型芯组成,主体结构由铬钢制成,圆柱形型芯由高速钢制成,圆柱形型芯直径4mm。
所述铬钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.3%、N:0.05%、Si:0.8%、Mn:0.6%、Cr:18%、Ni:0.7%、Mo:0.8%、Nb:0.12%、Ti:0.08%、W:0.6%、Zr:0.06%、B:0.006%、Yb:0.5%、Sn:0.24%、Sc:0.08%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
所述高速钢的化学成分包括如下重量百分比的元素:C:0.8%、Si:1.6%、Mn:0.3%、Cr:8%、Ni:0.9%、Mo:4.5%、Nb:0.6%、Ti:0.8%、W:4%、V:3%、Co:1.5%、Y:0.05%、As:0.009%、Sr:0.008%、Hf:0.005%,余量为铁和不可避免的杂质。
上述实施例为本发明较佳的实现方案,除此之外,本发明还可以其它方式实现,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下任何显而易见的替换均在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (10)
1.一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:包括如下步骤:
(1)混炼造粒:将陶瓷粉末放入混炼机中加热到100-200℃,保温0.5-1.5h,再加入粘结剂,混炼2-6h,然后在挤出机上进行造粒,得到喂料;
(2)注射成型:将喂料置于注射成形机中,然后在料筒温度为120-260℃、喷砂嘴温度为100-240℃、注射压力为20-200MPa的条件下注入模具中进行注射成型。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末为氧化铝陶瓷粉末、氧化锆陶瓷粉末、氧化钇陶瓷粉末、氮化硼陶瓷粉末和碳化硅陶瓷粉末中的任意一种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,陶瓷粉末放入混炼机前与烧结助剂混合,得到混合粉,烧结助剂占混合粉质量的1%-10%,烧结助剂为B4C、WC、TiC、C、B、Al、Al3N4和Al4C3中的至少一种。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述步骤(1)中,粘结剂占喂料体积的30%-50%,粘结剂由如下重量份的原料组成:
蜡 40-60份
萘 20-40份
塑料 20-40份
增塑剂 4-8份
表面活性剂 1-5份
抗氧剂 0.5-1.5份
相容剂 0.1-0.5份。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述蜡为液体石蜡、固体石蜡、微晶石蜡和巴西棕榈蜡中的至少一种。
6.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述塑料为聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚碳酸酯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物、聚苯乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、共聚甲醛、改性聚乳酸树脂、丙烯酸酯共聚物、聚丙烯酰胺、聚环氧乙烷和乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物中的至少一种。
7.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述聚乙烯为高密度聚乙烯、中密度聚乙烯、低密度聚乙烯和线性低密度聚乙烯中的至少一种;所述聚丙烯为等规聚丙烯、无规聚丙烯和间规聚丙烯中的至少一种。
8.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述增塑剂为邻苯二甲酸二丁酯、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯、邻苯二甲酸二异壬酯和癸二酸二丁酯中的至少一种。
9.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述表面活性剂为硬脂酸、硬脂酸丁酯、硬脂酸辛酯和季戊四醇硬脂酸酯中的至少一种。
10.根据权利要求4所述的一种陶瓷零件的粉末注射成型工艺,其特征在于:所述抗氧剂是由抗氧剂1010和抗氧剂168以重量比1-2:1组成的混合物;所述相容剂为端羟基超支化聚酯。
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| CN108395224A (zh) * | 2018-03-27 | 2018-08-14 | 苏州珂玛材料科技股份有限公司 | 氧化铝陶瓷件的注射成型原料组合物、氧化铝陶瓷件及其制备方法 |
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| CN111620702A (zh) * | 2020-04-28 | 2020-09-04 | 信维通信(江苏)有限公司 | 用于5g通信的陶瓷介质滤波器注射成型喂料及其制备方法 |
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