CN106930687A - Fluid power hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes - Google Patents

Abstract

A hydraulic shock vibration stepping rock-breaking device, comprising an outer casing, a volumetric motor, a transmission shaft, and a first-stage joint, a hollow central shaft is arranged on the upper part of the outer casing, a spring is arranged between the outer casing and the central shaft, and the outer casing The internal wall and the outer wall of the central shaft are axially plugged and fitted through splines. The displacement motor is installed inside the outer shell below the central shaft. The vibration cavity is preset between the displacement motor and the central shaft. The upper end of the displacement motor A secondary joint is provided at the lower end of the outer shell through the limit of the disc valve fixedly connected with the outer shell. The device organically integrates the two drilling speed-increasing technologies of hydraulic vibration and step-by-step rock breaking, which can further increase the drilling speed of deep wells and ultra-deep wells, and at the same time reduce the lateral vibration of the drilling tool assembly, protect the drill bit and stabilize the drilling pressure. , to prevent the occurrence of complex situations, shorten the drilling cycle, and reduce the overall cost of drilling.

Description

Hydraulic Vibration Stepping Rock Breaking Device

technical field

The invention relates to a drilling tool in the field of petroleum and natural gas drilling and coal bed gas drilling, in particular to a hydraulic shock vibration stepping rock breaking device.

Background technique

Deep wells and ultra-deep wells are the main technical means for developing deep oil and gas resources at home and abroad. However, with the increase of well depth, the rocks become denser and harder. Conventional drill bits and drilling methods are very inefficient in breaking rocks, resulting in extended drilling cycles. The deep well drilling cycle in western my country As long as 1 year or even 2 years, the cost per ton of oil after development is increased, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of efficient development of oil and gas resources. Therefore, faster and more effective drilling and rock breaking technology is urgently needed. Theoretical research and engineering practice have shown that the small-size drill bit has the advantage of breaking rock more efficiently than the large-size drill bit. When the small-size drill bit first completes the drilling of a certain depth of wellbore, then use the large-size drill bit to drill to form a stepped wellbore At this time, part of the internal stress of the rock drilled by the large-size drill bit is released, which reduces the difficulty of the rock mass drilled by the large-size drill bit, and can greatly increase the drilling speed of the designed wellbore, that is, the principle of step-by-step rock breaking can be used to increase the drilling speed. At the same time, the axial impact effect is also conducive to improving the fracture rate of hard rock. If the two processes can be organically combined, the drilling speed of deep wells and ultra-deep wells will be greatly improved. However, at present, only one of the processes is independently developed at home and abroad. Research shows that the speed-up effect is limited, and the research literature on the optimal combination of the two processes and related devices has not been seen.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problems existing in the prior art, and provide a hydraulic shock vibration step-by-step pump with simple structure, reliable performance, high control precision and convenient operation for oil and gas drilling, coal bed methane drilling, geological exploration and mine drilling. Rock breaking device.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve its technical problems is:

The step-by-step hydraulic shock breaking device includes an outer casing 2, a volumetric motor 11, a transmission shaft 14, and a first-stage joint 16, and a bypass hole 13 is processed on the transmission shaft 14, wherein: the upper part of the outer casing 2 is provided with a hollow The central shaft 1, a spring chamber is arranged between the inner wall of the outer shell 2 and the outer wall of the central shaft 1, and a spring 4 is arranged in the spring chamber, and the inner wall of the outer shell 2 and the outer wall of the central shaft 1 are axially inserted and matched by the spline 6, and the outer shell 2 It is sealed and matched with the periphery of the central shaft 1. The positive displacement motor 11 is installed inside the outer casing 2 below the central shaft 1. An oscillation cavity is preset between the positive displacement motor 11 and the central shaft 1. The upper end of the positive displacement motor 11 passes through the The disc valve 10 fixedly connected to the outer shell 2 is limited, and the lower end of the outer shell 2 is provided with a secondary joint 17 .

The above programs further include:

The positive displacement motor 11 is connected with the transmission shaft 14 through the shaft coupling 12, the bearing 15 is installed between the transmission shaft 14 and the outer casing 2, and the upper end of the central shaft 1 is provided with a connecting head.

The disc valve 10 is connected with the outer casing 2 through the fixing rib 9, and a multi-stage sealing device is installed between the central shaft 1 and the outer casing 2

One or more groups of oscillation chambers are connected in series.

The inside of the spline 6 and the spring cavity 4 is filled with lubricating oil.

The hydraulic vibration stepping rock breaking device of the present invention optimizes the two speed-increasing processes of stepping rock breaking and axial impact high-efficiency rock breaking, greatly improving the drilling speed of deep wells and ultra-deep wells and the development benefits of deep oil and gas resources; Further increase the drilling speed of deep wells and ultra-deep wells, give full play to the technical advantages of the two techniques of stepping rock breaking and impact rock breaking, and meet the requirements of reducing the comprehensive cost of drilling and efficiently developing deep oil and gas resources; it has simple structure design, reliable performance, Easy to operate and so on.

According to the field application effect analysis, the hydraulic shock vibration step-by-step rock breaking device can save 15-20 days of drilling cycle on average for a single well, increase drilling efficiency by 68.6%, and the drilling quality meets the design standards, realizing low energy consumption and high efficiency drilling Purpose.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the step-by-step rock-breaking device proposed by hydraulic shock vibration according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of A-A of the step-by-step hydraulic shock breaking device proposed according to the present invention.

In the figure 1-central shaft, 2-outer shell, 3-primary sealing device, 4-spring device, 5-secondary sealing device, 6-spline, 7-tertiary sealing device, 8-oscillating chamber, 9- Fixed rib, 10-disc valve, 11-volume motor, 12-coupling, 13-bypass hole, 14-transmission shaft, 15-bearing, 16-first-level joint, 17-secondary joint.

detailed description

The present invention will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

typical embodiment

As shown in Figure 1, the central shaft 1 is installed on the upper part of the outer shell 2, and the spring device 4 is installed between the outer shell 2, the central shaft 1 is connected with the outer shell 2 through the spline device 6, and the central shaft 1 and the outer shell 2 are respectively Install the primary sealing device 3, the secondary sealing device 5, and the tertiary sealing device 7, and process the oscillation chamber 8 on the inner wall of the middle part of the outer casing 2, and the positive displacement motor 11 is installed on the lower part of the external casing 2, on the upper end of the positive displacement motor 11 Install the disk valve 10, the disk valve 10 is connected with the outer casing 2 through the fixed rib 9, the displacement motor 11 is connected with the transmission shaft 14 through the coupling 12, the bypass hole 13 is processed on the transmission shaft 14, and the transmission shaft 14 is connected with the outer casing 2 Bearings 15 are installed between them, the first-level joint 16 is processed at the bottom of the transmission shaft 14, and the second-level joint 17 is processed at the bottom of the outer casing.

When the device of the present invention is applied to drilling construction, the small-sized drill bit is connected to the first-level joint, and the large-sized drill bit is connected to the second-level joint. Due to the small size of the small drill bit, the efficiency of drilling and breaking rock is high. When the small-sized drill bit first completes the drilling of a certain depth of well When drilling, the large-size drill bit is used to drill again to form a stepped wellbore. At this time, part of the internal stress of the rock drilled by the large-size drill bit is released, thereby reducing the difficulty of the rock mass drilled by the large-size drill bit, which can greatly improve Design the drilling speed of the wellbore, that is, use the principle of step-by-step rock breaking to increase the drilling speed. Drilling fluid reaches the displacement motor through the central shaft, and drives the motor to rotate. The rotation torque of the displacement motor drives the transmission shaft to rotate through the coupling, and drives the first-stage joint to rotate, and then drives the small-sized drill bit to rotate to break rock, and the torque of the wellhead rotary table to rotate The drill pipe is transmitted to the central shaft, and the outer casing is driven to rotate through the spline device, which drives the secondary joint to rotate, and then drives the large-size drill bit to rotate and break rock. The rotor of the displacement motor rotates and revolves at the same time under the action of the drilling fluid. Due to the irregular shape of the disk valve, the flow area formed between the rotor of the displacement motor and the disk valve changes continuously when the rotor of the displacement motor revolves, resulting in The change of the drilling fluid flow pressure, that is, the water hammer effect or water hammer pressure is generated, and the water hammer pressure is transmitted upwards. After being modulated and amplified by the oscillation cavity, it acts on the outer shell with an upward direction. Due to the gap between the outer shell and the central axis The spring device is installed, and the spring device is compressed when the outer shell moves upward, so that the water hammer pressure is accumulated in the spring device, and the lower end of the central shaft cannot enter the oscillation chamber. When the water hammer pressure decreases, the restoring force of the spring device drives the outer shell to The downward movement not only produces flexible impact on the large-size drill bit, but also produces flexible impact on the small-size drill bit through the bearing device. With the continuous flow of drilling fluid and the continuous rotation of the rotor of the positive displacement motor, water hammer can be generated periodically Pressure, the above process is repeated periodically, that is, the flexible impact is continuously generated on the drill bit, which assists in improving the rock breaking efficiency of the drill bit.

Claims (5)

1. fluid power hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes, including shell body（2）And positive displacement motor（11）, power transmission shaft（14）, one-level joint（16）, power transmission shaft（14）Upper processing by-pass prot（13）, it is characterised in that：In shell body（2）Top is provided with hollow central shaft（1）, shell body（2）Inwall and central shaft（1）Set between outer wall and spring is set in spring cavity, spring cavity（4）, shell body（2）Inwall and central shaft（1）Pass through spline between outer wall（6）Axial grafting coordinates, shell body（2）With central shaft（1）Peripheral sealing coordinates, positive displacement motor（11）Installed in central shaft（1）The shell body of lower section（2）Inside, positive displacement motor（11）With central shaft（1）Vibration chamber, positive displacement motor are preset between axial direction（11）Upper end by with shell body（2）Connected moushroom valve（10）It is spacing, in shell body（2）Bottom be provided with secondary joint（17）.

2. fluid power according to claim 1 hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes, it is characterized in that：Positive displacement motor（11）By shaft coupling（12）With power transmission shaft（14）Connection, power transmission shaft（14）With shell body（2）Between bearing is installed（15）, central shaft（1）Upper end is provided with connector.

3. fluid power according to claim 1 and 2 hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes, it is characterized in that：Moushroom valve（10）By fixing rib（9）With shell body（2）Connection, moushroom valve（10）Cross section be irregular shape, central shaft（1）With shell body（2）Between multi-stage sealed device is installed.

4. fluid power according to claim 3 hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes, it is characterized in that：Vibration chamber（8）It is one or more groups of series connection.

5. fluid power according to claim 3 hits the step-by-step movement broken rock device that shakes, it is characterized in that：The spline（6）And spring cavity（4）Inside is full of lubricating oil.