CN106948856A - A kind of mine local cooling device and method - Google Patents
A kind of mine local cooling device and method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106948856A CN106948856A CN201710337889.6A CN201710337889A CN106948856A CN 106948856 A CN106948856 A CN 106948856A CN 201710337889 A CN201710337889 A CN 201710337889A CN 106948856 A CN106948856 A CN 106948856A
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- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 116
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 17
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010019345 Heat stroke Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F3/00—Cooling or drying of air
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F5/00—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires
- E21F5/02—Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or spraying
- E21F5/04—Spraying barriers
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Abstract
一种矿井局部降温装置，包括风机、风筒、入水管、水泵和冷却室，冷却室顶部设有喷淋装置，冷却室设有进风口和出风口，其中：风机通过风筒和进风口相连接，入水管与喷淋装置相连接，入水管上设有水泵，出风口通过风筒和工作面相连通。降温方法包括以下步骤：启动风机，使矿井内高温空气经风筒由进风口流入冷却室；开启水泵，将冷水源打入喷淋装置，经喷淋装置喷入冷却室，与进风口流入的高温空气换热，形成冷却风流与换热后水源，冷却风流经出风口流入工作面，并根据降温需要，控制冷却风流温度，达到局部降温。该发明装置结构简单，操作方便，降温方法能够避免煤矿井下高温造成的经济损失和事故危害，同时实现节能减排，具有较高的经济效益。A mine local cooling device, including fan, air duct, water inlet pipe, water pump and cooling chamber, the top of the cooling chamber is provided with a spray device, and the cooling chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein: the fan communicates with the air inlet through the air duct Connection, the water inlet pipe is connected with the spray device, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water pump, and the air outlet is connected with the working surface through the air cylinder. The cooling method includes the following steps: start the fan, let the high-temperature air in the mine flow into the cooling chamber through the air duct through the air inlet; The high-temperature air exchanges heat to form a cooling air flow and a water source after heat exchange. The cooling air flows into the working surface through the air outlet, and the temperature of the cooling air flow is controlled according to the cooling requirements to achieve local cooling. The device of the invention has simple structure and convenient operation, and the cooling method can avoid economic losses and accident hazards caused by high temperature underground in coal mines, and at the same time realize energy saving and emission reduction, and have high economic benefits.
Description
技术领域：Technical field:
本发明属于矿井降温技术领域，具体涉及一种矿井局部降温装置及方法。The invention belongs to the technical field of mine cooling, and in particular relates to a mine local cooling device and method.
背景技术：Background technique:
由于我国经济的快速增长，对能源的需求越来越大，特别是以煤炭为主的能源需求的缺口会不断增大，矿井开采的数量和产量不断增大，因此，矿产资源开采随着时间的增长浅部的矿产不断变少变，导致了矿井的开采渐渐地向深部方向开发，煤矿的采煤面和掘进面的深度也不断加深。因而矿井高温的问题变得不可避免，矿井热害成为在瓦斯、顶板、粉尘、水、火五大灾害之后又一大灾害。因此研究高温矿井的降温技术有很大的意义。Due to the rapid growth of my country's economy, the demand for energy is increasing, especially the gap in coal-based energy demand will continue to increase, and the number and output of mine mining will continue to increase. The minerals in the shallow part of the growth are constantly decreasing and changing, which has led to the gradual development of the mining of the mine in the deep direction, and the depth of the coal mining face and the driving face of the coal mine is also continuously deepening. Therefore, the problem of high temperature in mines has become inevitable, and mine heat damage has become another major disaster after the five major disasters of gas, roof, dust, water and fire. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the cooling technology of high temperature mines.
预测在我国煤炭的总储量中，有百分之七十三点二的煤炭储量的埋深已经超过1000米。因为采掘深度的延伸，所以深度超过了800米的矿井数量也变得越来越多。随着我国的煤矿开采的深度、强度的逐渐加大，而且呈现出加速增加的趋势，在华东地区井井开采深度普遍进入了600m以下，因此随着深度的加深，温度升高对矿井的生产影响变得越来越严重，有少数的矿井井下采掘地点的温度高达38℃左右，甚至还有更高的。It is predicted that among the total coal reserves in my country, 73.2% of the coal reserves are buried deeper than 1,000 meters. Due to the extension of the mining depth, the number of mines with a depth of more than 800 meters is also increasing. With the gradual increase in the depth and intensity of coal mining in my country, and showing a trend of accelerated increase, the depth of well mining in East China generally enters below 600m. The impact is becoming more and more serious. There are a few mines where the temperature in the underground mining site is as high as about 38°C, and even higher.
因为在矿井深部的工作地点的温度增高，会导致在井下工作的人员的工作效率降低，也会使设备的使用寿命缩短，而且对工作人员的身体健康有着严重的影响。在国内外的研究统计表明，气温每增加1℃，矿井生产的效率就会降低6％～8％、矿工的医疗费用就会增加8％～10％、井下的机电设备的故障率也会增加1倍以上；据南非的数据最新统计，在湿球温度为32.8～33.8℃的条件工作的工人，在千人之中暑死亡的几率为0.57。根据《煤矿安全规程》第102条也有明确规定:生产矿井采掘工作面空气温度不得超过26℃，当空气的温度超过规定温度时，必须缩短超过温度地点工作人员的工作时间，并且给予高温保健的待遇；采掘工作面在空气的温度超过30℃的时候，必须停止作业。Because the temperature of the working place in the deep part of the mine increases, the work efficiency of the personnel working underground will be reduced, the service life of the equipment will be shortened, and it will have a serious impact on the health of the staff. Research statistics at home and abroad show that for every 1°C increase in temperature, the efficiency of mine production will decrease by 6% to 8%, the medical expenses of miners will increase by 8% to 10%, and the failure rate of underground electromechanical equipment will also increase. More than 1 times; according to the latest statistics from South Africa, workers who work under the condition of wet bulb temperature of 32.8 ~ 33.8 ℃, the probability of death from heatstroke among thousands of people is 0.57. According to Article 102 of the "Coal Mine Safety Regulations", it is also clearly stipulated that the air temperature of the mining face of the production mine shall not exceed 26°C. When the air temperature exceeds the specified temperature, the working hours of the staff at the place exceeding the temperature must be shortened, and high temperature health care shall be given. Treatment: when the temperature of the air in the mining face exceeds 30°C, the operation must be stopped.
目前的高温矿井的采掘工作面基本都是采取增大风量、降低机械设备的散热并且缩短作业时间的措施等，但是不能有效地解决地热灾害的问题。矿井深部的高温区域的采掘工作面回风空气温度为32～34℃，并且在夏季能达到33～35℃，在现场作业的职工有出现过中暑的现象，职工身体的健康和现场的安全生产被地热灾害严重危及，导致采掘工作面面被迫停产。深部矿井开采热害治理的技术已经成为为矿区稳定发展至关重要的技术。At present, measures such as increasing the air volume, reducing the heat dissipation of mechanical equipment and shortening the working time are basically taken in the mining face of high-temperature mines, but they cannot effectively solve the problem of geothermal disasters. The return air temperature of the excavation working face in the high-temperature area deep in the mine is 32-34°C, and can reach 33-35°C in summer. Workers working on site have suffered from heatstroke. Seriously endangered by geothermal disasters, all mining operations were forced to stop production. The technology of heat damage control in deep mine mining has become a crucial technology for the stable development of mining areas.
对于许多的高温矿井来说，矿井热害的治理存在着两大难题：For many high-temperature mines, there are two major problems in the management of mine heat damage:
(1)矿井降温制冷的系统设备费用高、运行时消耗能源大、制冷的效果不理想，关键的问题在冷量的输送过程中冷能损失大，在沿途中冷损不但使制冷系统的负荷增加，而且使得采掘工作面等作业地点的温度降幅受到很大的限制；(1) The system equipment cost of mine cooling and refrigeration is high, the energy consumption is large during operation, and the cooling effect is not ideal. The key problem is that the cooling energy is lost during the transportation of the cooling capacity. The cooling loss along the way will not only increase the load of the refrigeration system Increase, and make the temperature drop of the mining face and other working places be greatly restricted;
(2)与整个矿井的降温技术来对比，矿井在建设期间的井筒掘进以及在开拓巷道掘进阶段时降温技术研究较少。(2) Compared with the cooling technology of the whole mine, there are few researches on the cooling technology of the shaft excavation during the construction period of the mine and the excavation stage of roadway development.
为了解决矿井热害的问题，降低矿井降温的成本，进行科学的降温，很有必要探索新的制冷技术方法，创立出一套新型的矿井降温的模式。In order to solve the problem of mine heat damage, reduce the cost of mine cooling, and carry out scientific cooling, it is necessary to explore new refrigeration technology methods and create a new model of mine cooling.
发明内容：Invention content:
本发明的目的是为避免煤矿井下高温造成的经济损失和事故危害，提供一种矿井局部降温装置及方法，该装置结构简单，操作方便，采用该降温方法能够取得更好的经济效益。The object of the present invention is to provide a mine local cooling device and method in order to avoid economic losses and accident hazards caused by high temperature underground in coal mines. The device has a simple structure and is easy to operate, and the cooling method can obtain better economic benefits.
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
一种矿井局部降温装置，包括风机、风筒、入水管、水泵和冷却室，所述的冷却室顶部设有喷淋装置，所述的冷却室设有进风口和出风口，其中：A local cooling device for mines, comprising a fan, an air duct, a water inlet pipe, a water pump and a cooling chamber, the top of the cooling chamber is provided with a spraying device, and the cooling chamber is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, wherein:
所述的风机通过风筒和进风口相连接，所述的入水管与喷淋装置相连接，所述的入水管上设有水泵，所述的出风口通过风筒和掘进工作面相连通。The fan is connected to the air inlet through the air cylinder, the water inlet pipe is connected to the spraying device, the water inlet pipe is provided with a water pump, and the air outlet is connected to the excavation face through the air cylinder.
所述的入水管与储水池连通，所述的储水池储备冷却水源。The water inlet pipe communicates with the water storage tank, and the water storage tank stores cooling water source.
所述的风筒为可拆卸风筒。The air cylinder is a detachable air cylinder.
所述的喷淋装置包括导水管和雾化喷嘴，所述的雾化喷嘴设置在导水管上，所述的入水管与导水管相连接，所述的入水管与导水管相连接处设有电磁阀，所述的电磁阀与控制面板相连接。The spraying device includes a water pipe and an atomizing nozzle, the atomizing nozzle is arranged on the water pipe, the water inlet pipe is connected with the water pipe, and the connection between the water inlet pipe and the water pipe is provided with A solenoid valve, the solenoid valve is connected with the control panel.
所述的出风口处设有温度测试仪，用于测量出风口处冷却风流温度。The air outlet is provided with a temperature tester for measuring the temperature of the cooling air flow at the air outlet.
所述的冷却室底部设有活塞，用于排出冷却室中集聚的少量水，使水源循环使用。The bottom of the cooling chamber is provided with a piston for discharging a small amount of water accumulated in the cooling chamber so that the water source can be recycled.
所述的冷却室底部设有车轮，用于将矿井局部降温装置移动到需要降温地点。Wheels are provided at the bottom of the cooling chamber for moving the local cooling device of the mine to the place where cooling is required.
所述的降温装置除进风口和出风口外完全密封，水量损失少。The cooling device is completely sealed except the air inlet and the air outlet, and the water loss is small.
采用所述的矿井局部降温装置进行矿井局部降温的方法，包括以下步骤：The method for using the local mine local cooling device to carry out mine local cooling comprises the following steps:
(1)启动风机，使矿井内高温空气经风筒由进风口流入冷却室；(1) Start the fan, so that the high-temperature air in the mine flows into the cooling room from the air inlet through the air duct;
(2)开启水泵，将冷水源打入喷淋装置，经喷淋装置喷入冷却室，与进风口流入的高温空气换热，形成冷却风流与换热后水源，冷却风流经出风口流入掘进工作面，并根据降温需要，控制冷却风流温度，达到局部降温。(2) Turn on the water pump, drive the cold water source into the spray device, spray it into the cooling chamber through the spray device, and exchange heat with the high-temperature air flowing in from the air inlet to form a cooling air flow and the water source after heat exchange, and the cooling air flows into the excavation through the air outlet Working face, and according to cooling needs, control the cooling air flow temperature to achieve local cooling.
所述的步骤(2)中，冷却风流温度的控制方式为：通过控制面板控制电磁阀，调整冷水喷淋量，并调节冷水源温度，使冷却风流温度满足需要。In the step (2), the cooling air flow temperature is controlled by controlling the solenoid valve through the control panel, adjusting the amount of cold water spraying, and adjusting the temperature of the cold water source so that the cooling air flow temperature meets the requirements.
本发明的有益效果：Beneficial effects of the present invention:
(1)该矿井局部降温装置结构简单，包括供风，喷淋和供水三个部分，可大幅降低采矿成本；(1) The local cooling device of the mine has a simple structure, including three parts of air supply, spraying and water supply, which can greatly reduce mining costs;
(2)该矿井局部降温装置适用于各种高温矿井，可以在井下巷道自由移动，能够快速的降低煤矿井下温度，降低由于热害造成的经济损失和事故；(2) The mine local cooling device is suitable for various high-temperature mines, can move freely in the underground roadway, can quickly reduce the underground temperature of coal mines, and reduce economic losses and accidents caused by heat damage;
(3)该装置所用循环水少且喷嘴不易堵塞，能够实现节能减排环保的目的，具有较高的经济效益；(3) The device uses less circulating water and the nozzles are not easy to block, which can achieve the purpose of energy saving, emission reduction and environmental protection, and has high economic benefits;
(4)该矿井局部降温装置，在降温的同时，具有一定的除尘效果，能大幅提高矿井工作效率。(4) The local cooling device of the mine has a certain dust removal effect while cooling the temperature, and can greatly improve the working efficiency of the mine.
附图说明：Description of drawings:
图1为本发明实施例的矿井局部降温装置结构示意图，其中：Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a mine local cooling device according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein:
1-局部风机，2-可拆卸风筒，3-入水管，4-高压水泵，5-电磁阀，6-导水管，7-雾化喷嘴，8-控制面板，9-冷却室，10-温度测试仪，11-活塞，12-车轮，A-进风口，B-出风口。1-local fan, 2-removable air cylinder, 3-water inlet pipe, 4-high pressure water pump, 5-solenoid valve, 6-water guide pipe, 7-atomizing nozzle, 8-control panel, 9-cooling room, 10- Temperature tester, 11-piston, 12-wheel, A-air inlet, B-air outlet.
具体实施方式：detailed description:
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的详细说明。The present invention will be described in further detail below in conjunction with embodiment.
实施例1Example 1
一种矿井局部降温装置，结构示意图如图1所示，包括局部风机1、可拆卸风筒2、入水管3、高压水泵4和冷却室9，冷却室9顶部设有喷淋装置，冷却室9设有进风口A和出风口B，其中：A kind of mine local cooling device, structural schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, comprises local fan 1, detachable air duct 2, water inlet pipe 3, high-pressure water pump 4 and cooling chamber 9, and cooling chamber 9 top is provided with spraying device, cooling chamber 9 is provided with air inlet A and air outlet B, wherein:
喷淋装置包括导水管6和雾化喷嘴7，雾化喷嘴7设置在导水管6上；The spraying device includes a water guide pipe 6 and an atomizing nozzle 7, and the atomizing nozzle 7 is arranged on the water guide pipe 6;
局部风机1通过可拆卸风筒2和进风口A相连接，出风口B通过可拆卸风筒2和掘进工作面相连通，出风口B处设有温度测试仪10，用于测量出风口B处冷却风流温度；其中，与掘进工作面连接的可拆卸风筒2长度为90m，直径为1m；The local fan 1 is connected to the air inlet A through the detachable air cylinder 2, and the air outlet B is connected to the excavation working face through the detachable air cylinder 2. A temperature tester 10 is installed at the air outlet B to measure the cooling temperature at the air outlet B. Air flow temperature; wherein, the detachable air duct 2 connected to the excavation face has a length of 90m and a diameter of 1m;
入水管3上设有高压水泵4，入水管3一侧与储备冷却水源的储水池连通，另一侧与导水管6相连接，入水管3与导水管6相连接处设有电磁阀5，电磁阀5与控制面板8相连接；The water inlet pipe 3 is provided with a high-pressure water pump 4, and one side of the water inlet pipe 3 is connected with a storage tank for storing cooling water sources, and the other side is connected with the water guide pipe 6, and a solenoid valve 5 is provided at the connection between the water inlet pipe 3 and the water guide pipe 6. Electromagnetic valve 5 is connected with control panel 8;
冷却室9底部设有活塞11，用于排出冷却室9中集聚的少量水，使水源循环使用；冷却室9底部同时设有车轮12，用于将矿井局部降温装置移动到需要的降温地点。There is a piston 11 at the bottom of the cooling chamber 9, which is used to discharge a small amount of water accumulated in the cooling chamber 9, so that the water source can be recycled; the bottom of the cooling chamber 9 is also equipped with a wheel 12, which is used to move the mine local cooling device to the required cooling location.
降温装置除进风口A和出风口B外完全密封，水量损失少。The cooling device is completely sealed except for the air inlet A and the air outlet B, and the water loss is small.
针对有降温需求的矿井，本实施例中，巷道断面为14.7m2，原始岩温40.15℃，可拆卸风筒2的壁面温度与矿井巷道内温度相同，为40.15℃；设定经该装置降温后，掘进工作面100米范围内，温度≤25.5℃，采用所述的矿井局部降温装置进行矿井局部降温的方法，包括以下步骤：For mines that require cooling, in this embodiment, the roadway section is 14.7m 2 , the original rock temperature is 40.15°C, and the wall temperature of the detachable air duct 2 is the same as the temperature in the mine roadway, which is 40.15°C; it is set to cool down through this device Finally, within 100 meters of the excavation working face, the temperature is less than or equal to 25.5 ° C, and the method for local cooling of the mine using the local cooling device of the mine includes the following steps:
(1)将局部风机1通过可拆卸风筒2，与冷却室9连接，并将矿井局部降温装置移动至掘进工作面附近，使与掘进工作面相连通的可拆卸风筒2出口与掘进工作面相距10m，启动局部风机1，使矿井内高温空气经可拆卸风筒2由进风口A流入冷却室9；(1) Connect the local fan 1 to the cooling chamber 9 through the detachable air duct 2, and move the mine local cooling device to the vicinity of the excavation work face, so that the outlet of the detachable air duct 2 connected with the excavation work face is connected to the excavation work face At a distance of 10m, start the local fan 1, so that the high-temperature air in the mine flows into the cooling chamber 9 from the air inlet A through the detachable air duct 2;
(2)开启高压水泵4，将冷水源由入水管3打入导水管，经雾化喷嘴7喷入冷却室9，与进风口A流入的高温空气换热，形成冷却风流与换热后水源，冷却风流经出风口B流入掘进工作面，出风口B处冷却风流的流速为4.48m/s，冷却风流的平均密度为1.221kg/m3，通过温度测试仪10检测出风口B处的冷却风流温度，并根据降温需要，通过控制面板8控制电磁阀5，调整冷水喷淋量，并调节冷水源温度来控制冷却风流温度，将冷却风流通过出风口B，在距离掘进工作面10m处喷出，达到局部降温的目的，经检测，出风口冷却风流温度为11.45℃，距离掘进工作面100m的位置，温度达到25.5℃，因为距离掘进工作面越远，温度越高，由此可知，掘进工作面100m的范围内温度均控制在25.5℃以下，表明采用该矿井局部降温的装置进行矿井局部降温，能够满足掘进工作面操作范围内的降温需求，实现了降温目的；如需调整掘进工作面范围或满足不同的温度需求，则可通过调整冷水源温度和冷水喷淋量，或通过增加多台矿井局部降温装置来达到相应需求，随着冷却室9内积聚水的增多，通过活塞11将水排出循环利用，同时，经计算，风流从可拆卸风筒2经过冷却室9，由出风口B至掘进工作面的过程中，总压降为26.6Pa，能耗较小。(2) Turn on the high-pressure water pump 4, drive the cold water source from the water inlet pipe 3 into the water guide pipe, spray it into the cooling chamber 9 through the atomizing nozzle 7, and exchange heat with the high-temperature air flowing into the air inlet A to form a cooling air flow and the water source after heat exchange , the cooling air flows into the excavation working face through the air outlet B, the flow velocity of the cooling air flow at the air outlet B is 4.48m/s, and the average density of the cooling air flow is 1.221kg/m 3 , the cooling air at the air outlet B is detected by the temperature tester 10 According to cooling needs, control the solenoid valve 5 through the control panel 8, adjust the amount of cold water spray, and adjust the temperature of the cold water source to control the temperature of the cooling air flow, and pass the cooling air flow through the air outlet B, and spray it at a distance of 10m from the excavation working face. To achieve the purpose of local cooling, after testing, the temperature of the cooling air flow at the air outlet is 11.45°C, and the temperature at the position 100m away from the excavation face reaches 25.5°C, because the farther away from the excavation face, the higher the temperature. The temperature within 100m of the working face is controlled below 25.5°C, indicating that the local mine cooling device can meet the cooling requirements within the operating range of the excavation working face and achieve the purpose of cooling; if it is necessary to adjust the excavation working face range or meet different temperature requirements, you can adjust the cold water source temperature and the amount of cold water spray, or by adding multiple mine local cooling devices to meet the corresponding requirements. With the increase of accumulated water in the cooling chamber 9, the piston 11 will The water is discharged and recycled. At the same time, it is calculated that the total pressure drop is 26.6Pa during the air flow from the detachable air duct 2 through the cooling chamber 9, from the air outlet B to the tunneling face, and the energy consumption is relatively small.
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Application publication date: 20170714 |