CN106958536A - 可变桨距风扇叶片固持系统 - Google Patents

可变桨距风扇叶片固持系统 Download PDF

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CN106958536A
CN106958536A CN201610883280.4A CN201610883280A CN106958536A CN 106958536 A CN106958536 A CN 106958536A CN 201610883280 A CN201610883280 A CN 201610883280A CN 106958536 A CN106958536 A CN 106958536A
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contact
key
fan
line
pitch axis
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CN106958536B (zh
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D.A.尼尔加思
I.F.普伦蒂斯
C.J.克罗格尔
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General Electric Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/281—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps for fans or blowers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/32—Locking, e.g. by final locking blades or keys
    • F01D5/323—Locking of axial insertion type blades by means of a key or the like parallel to the axis of the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/02—Blade-carrying members, e.g. rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/12—Blades
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
    • F01D5/30—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers
    • F01D5/3007—Fixing blades to rotors; Blade roots ; Blade spacers of axial insertion type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C3/00—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid
    • F02C3/04—Gas-turbine plants characterised by the use of combustion products as the working fluid having a turbine driving a compressor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02K—JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02K3/00—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan
    • F02K3/02—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber
    • F02K3/04—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type
    • F02K3/06—Plants including a gas turbine driving a compressor or a ducted fan in which part of the working fluid by-passes the turbine and combustion chamber the plant including ducted fans, i.e. fans with high volume, low pressure outputs, for augmenting the jet thrust, e.g. of double-flow type with front fan
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/287—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps with adjusting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/28—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for centrifugal or helico-centrifugal pumps for radial-flow or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/30—Vanes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/26—Rotors specially for elastic fluids
    • F04D29/32—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps
    • F04D29/321—Rotors specially for elastic fluids for axial flow pumps for axial flow compressors
    • F04D29/322—Blade mountings
    • F04D29/323—Blade mountings adjustable
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F04D29/62—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/624—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of radial or helico-centrifugal pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F04D29/626—Mounting or removal of fans
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/60—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling
    • F04D29/64—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps
    • F04D29/644—Mounting; Assembling; Disassembling of axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
    • B64C11/30—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms
    • B64C11/32—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms mechanical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/36—Application in turbines specially adapted for the fan of turbofan engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/20—Rotors
    • F05D2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2240/00—Components
    • F05D2240/35—Combustors or associated equipment
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2260/00—Function
    • F05D2260/70—Adjusting of angle of incidence or attack of rotating blades
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Mounting Of Bearings Or Others (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于燃气涡轮发动机的可变桨距风扇(38)包括限定桨距轴线(P)并且在径向内端部处附接于耳轴机构(92)的风扇叶片(40)。可变桨距风扇(38)还包括具有盘节段(90)的盘(42)，其中耳轴机构(92)至少部分地延伸穿过盘节段(90)。键(110)至少部分地定位在限定在耳轴机构(92)的基部(126)中的键槽(128)中，并且还定位成邻近盘节段(90)的支承部件。键(110)限定键(110)与键槽(128)之间的第一接触线(130)，以及键(110)与支承部件之间的第二接触线(132)。第一接触线和第二接触线(132)分别限定第一接触基准线(134)和第二接触基准线(136)。第一接触基准线(134)和第二接触基准线(136)与风扇叶片(40)的桨距轴线(P)限定大于零度且小于九十度的角。

Description

可变桨距风扇叶片固持系统
技术领域
本主题大体上涉及一种用于燃气涡轮发动机中的可变桨距风扇叶片的固持系统。
背景技术
燃气涡轮发动机大体上包括布置成与彼此流动连通的风扇和芯部。此外，燃气涡轮发动机的芯部大体上包括以串流顺序的压缩机区段、燃烧区段、涡轮区段和排气区段。在操作中，空气流从风扇提供至压缩机区段的入口，其中一个或更多个轴向压缩机逐渐压缩空气，直到其到达燃烧区段。燃料在燃烧区段内与压缩的空气混合并且焚烧，以提供燃烧气体。燃烧气体从燃烧区段发送至涡轮区段。穿过燃烧区段的燃烧气体流驱动燃烧区段，并且接着发送穿过排气区段，例如至大气。在特定构造中，涡轮区段由沿燃气涡轮发动机的轴向方向延伸的一个或更多个轴机械地联接于压缩机区段。
此外，对于至少一些燃气涡轮发动机，风扇为包括多个风扇叶片的可变桨距风扇。风扇叶片中的各个可绕着相应的桨距轴线可旋转地附接于盘，并且盘可能够由芯部的一个或更多个轴绕着中心轴线旋转。例如，各个风扇叶片可附接于耳轴机构，该耳轴机构延伸穿过盘的独立盘节段。耳轴机构可继而由键合连接固持在相应的盘节段内。例如，耳轴机构可限定键槽，并且盘节段可包括支承表面。定位在键槽中的键与键槽和支承表面相互作用，以将耳轴机构固持在相应的盘节段内。
然而，在风扇的操作期间，可需要键合连接来耐受风扇叶片上的大致所有离心力，离心力沿平行于桨距轴线的方向作用。因此，键合连接必须制造成相对大且坚固来支承此类力。因此，能够减小关于键合连接的低效的力的、用于可变桨距风扇叶片的键合连接将是有用的。
发明内容
本发明的方面和优点将在以下描述中部分地阐述，或者可从描述为明显的，或者可通过本发明的实践学习。
在本公开的一个示例性实施例中，提供了一种用于燃气涡轮发动机的可变桨距风扇。可变桨距风扇包括限定径向内端部和桨距轴线的风扇叶片。可变桨距风扇还包括耳轴机构，其包括限定键槽的基部。风扇叶片的径向内端部附接于耳轴机构。可变桨距风扇还包括盘，其包括具有支承部件的盘节段，耳轴机构的基部至少部分地延伸穿过盘节段。可变桨距风扇还包括键，其至少部分地定位在耳轴机构的基部的键槽中并且邻近盘节段的支承部件，用于将耳轴机构的基部至少部分地固持在盘节段内。键限定键与键槽之间的第一接触线，以及键与支承部件之间的第二接触线。第一接触线和第二接触线分别限定第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线。第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线与风扇叶片的桨距轴线限定大于零度(0°)且小于九十度(90°)的角。
在本公开的另一个示例性实施例中，提供了一种燃气涡轮发动机。燃气涡轮发动机包括芯部和与芯部空气流连通的可变桨距风扇。可变桨距风扇包括限定径向内端部和桨距轴线的风扇叶片。可变桨距风扇还包括耳轴机构，其包括限定键槽的基部，风扇叶片的径向内端部附接于耳轴机构。可变桨距风扇还包括盘，其包括具有支承部件的盘节段，耳轴机构的基部至少部分地延伸穿过盘节段。可变桨距风扇还包括键，其至少部分地定位在耳轴机构的基部的键槽中并且邻近盘节段的支承部件，用于将耳轴机构的基部至少部分地固持在盘节段内。键限定键与键槽之间的第一接触线，以及键与支承部件之间的第二接触线。第一接触线和第二接触线分别限定第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线。第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线与风扇叶片的桨距轴线限定大于零度(0°)且小于九十度(90°)的角。
技术方案1. 一种用于燃气涡轮发动机的可变桨距风扇，所述可变桨距风扇包括：
风扇叶片，其限定径向内端部和桨距轴线；
耳轴机构，其包括限定键槽的基部，所述风扇叶片的所述径向内端部附接于所述耳轴机构；
盘，其包括具有支承部件的盘节段，所述耳轴机构的所述基部至少部分地延伸穿过所述盘节段；以及
键，其至少部分地定位在所述耳轴机构的所述基部的所述键槽中并且邻近所述盘节段的所述支承部件用于将所述耳轴机构的所述基部至少部分地固持在所述盘节段内，所述键限定所述键与所述键槽之间的第一接触线，以及所述键与所述支承部件之间的第二接触线，所述第一接触线和所述第二接触线分别限定第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线，所述第一接触基准线和所述第二接触基准线与所述风扇叶片的所述桨距轴线限定大于零度(0°)且小于九十度(90°)的角。
技术方案2. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述第一接触线大致平行于所述第二接触线。
技术方案3. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述键由多个独立键部件形成。
技术方案4. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述第一接触基准线和所述第二接触基准线均与所述桨距轴线限定大于大约三十度(30°)且小于大约六十度(60°)的角。
技术方案5. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述第一接触基准线和所述第二接触基准线均与所述桨距轴线限定近似四十五度(45°)的角。
技术方案6. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述键关于所述桨距轴线大致轴对称。
技术方案7. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述耳轴机构、所述盘和所述键限定用于在所述可变桨距风扇的操作期间传送所述风扇叶片的离心负载的负载路径，其中所述负载路径从所述耳轴机构延伸穿过所述第一接触线至所述键，并且延伸穿过所述第二接触线至所述盘节段的所述支承部件。
技术方案8. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述盘节段包括具有轴承支承部件的轴承组件，并且其中所述支承部件构造为所述轴承支承部件。
技术方案9. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述可变桨距风扇还包括：
附接于所述耳轴的所述基部用于将所述键保持就位的键固位器。
技术方案10. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，限定在所述耳轴机构的所述基部中的所述键槽在大致垂直于所述桨距轴线的平面中围绕所述耳轴机构的圆周延伸。
技术方案11. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述桨距轴线大致平行于所述燃气涡轮发动机的径向方向。
技术方案12. 一种燃气涡轮发动机，其限定径向方向并且包括：
芯部；以及
可变桨距风扇，其与所述芯部空气流连通，所述可变桨距风扇包括
风扇叶片，其限定径向内端部和大致平行于所述燃气涡轮发动机的所述径向方向延伸的桨距轴线；
耳轴机构，其包括限定键槽的基部，所述风扇叶片的所述径向内端部附接于所述耳轴机构；
盘，其包括具有支承部件的盘节段，所述耳轴机构的所述基部至少部分地延伸穿过所述盘节段；以及
键，其至少部分地定位在所述耳轴机构的所述基部的所述键槽中并且邻近所述盘节段的所述支承部件用于将所述耳轴机构的所述基部至少部分地固持在所述盘节段内，所述键限定所述键与所述键槽之间的第一接触线，以及所述键与所述支承部件之间的第二接触线，所述第一接触线和所述第二接触线分别限定第一接触基准线和第二接触基准线，所述第一接触基准线和所述第二接触基准线与所述风扇叶片的所述桨距轴线限定大于零度(0°)且小于九十度(90°)的角。
技术方案13. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述第一接触线大致平行于所述第二接触线。
技术方案14. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述键由多个独立键部件形成。
技术方案15. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述第一接触基准线和所述第二接触基准线均与所述桨距轴线限定大于大约三十度(30°)且小于大约六十度(60°)的角。
技术方案16. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述键关于所述桨距轴线大致轴对称。
技术方案17. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述耳轴机构、所述盘和所述键限定用于在所述可变桨距风扇的操作期间传送所述风扇叶片的离心负载的负载路径，其中所述负载路径从所述耳轴机构延伸穿过所述第一接触线至所述键，并且延伸穿过所述第二接触线至所述盘节段的所述支承部件。
技术方案18. 根据技术方案12所述的燃气涡轮发动机，其特征在于，所述盘节段包括具有轴承支承部件的轴承组件，并且其中所述支承部件构造为所述轴承支承部件。
技术方案19. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，限定在所述耳轴机构的所述基部中的所述键槽在大致垂直于所述桨距轴线的平面中围绕所述耳轴机构的圆周延伸。
技术方案20. 根据技术方案1所述的可变桨距风扇，其特征在于，所述桨距轴线大致平行于所述燃气涡轮发动机的径向方向。
本发明的这些及其它的特征、方面和优点将参照以下描述和所附权利要求变得更好理解。并入在本说明书中并且构成本说明书的部分的附图示出了本发明的实施例，并且连同描述用于阐释本发明的原理。
附图说明
包括针对本领域技术人员的其最佳模式的本发明的完整且开放的公开在参照附图的说明书中阐述，在该附图中：
图1为根据本主题的示例性实施例的燃气涡轮发动机的示意性截面视图。
图2为根据本公开的示例性实施例的图1的示例性燃气涡轮发动机的可变桨距风扇的透视图。
图3为图2的示例性可变桨距风扇的盘和相关联的耳轴机构的透视图。
图4为图3的盘的节段和相关联的耳轴机构中的一个的透视图。
图5为图4中所示的耳轴机构的分解视图。
图6为图4的盘的节段和耳轴机构的截面视图，其中叶片附接于耳轴机构。
图7为图6的截面视图的放大节段。
图8为根据本公开的另一个示例性实施例的盘和耳轴机构的放大截面视图。
图9为根据本公开的示例性实施例的键的俯视图。
部件列表
10 涡扇喷气发动机
12 纵向或轴向中心线
14 风扇区段
16 芯部涡轮发动机
18 外壳
20 入口
22 低压压缩机
24 高压压缩机
26 燃烧区段
28 高压涡轮
30 低压涡轮
32 喷气排气区段
34 高压轴/转轴
36 低压轴/转轴
38 风扇
40 叶片
42 盘
44 前缘
46 末端
48 促动部件
50 动力变速箱
52 桨距校正装置
54 机舱
56 风扇壳或机舱
58 出口导叶
60 下游区段
62 旁通空气流通路
64 空气
66 入口
68 空气的第一部分
70 空气的第二部分
72 燃烧气体
74 定子导叶
76 涡轮转子叶片
78 定子导叶
80 涡轮转子叶片
82 喷气喷嘴排气
84 风扇喷嘴排气区段
86 热气体路径
90 盘节段
92 耳轴机构
94 联接螺母
96 下轴承支承件
98 第一线接触轴承
100 内圈
102 外圈
104 滚子
106 卡扣环
108 键圈固位器
110 分段键
112 轴承支承件
114 第二线接触轴承
116 内圈
118 外圈
120 滚子
122 耳轴
124 燕尾部
126 基部
128 键槽
130 第一接触线
132 第二接触线
134 第一基准线
136 第二基准线
138 第一角
140 第二角
142 键构件
W 宽度。
具体实施方式
现在将详细参照本发明的本实施例，其一个或更多个实例在附图中示出。详细描述使用了数字和字母标识来表示附图中的特征。附图和描述中相似或类似的标识用于表示本发明的相似或类似的部分。如本文中使用的，用语"第一"、"第二"和"第三"可以可互换地使用，以将一个构件与另一个区分开，并且不旨在表示独立构件的位置或重要性。用语"上游"和"下游"是指相对于流体通道中的流体流的相对方向。例如，"上游"是指流体流自的方向，而"下游"是指流体流至的方向。
现在参照附图，其中同样的标记遍及附图指示相同的元件，图1为根据本公开的示例性实施例的燃气涡轮发动机的示意性截面视图。更具体而言，对于图1的实施例，燃气涡轮发动机为本文中称为"涡扇发动机10"的高旁通涡扇喷气发动机10。如图1中所示，涡扇发动机10限定轴向方向A(平行于为了参照提供的纵向中心线12延伸)和径向方向R。大体上，涡扇10包括风扇区段14和设置在风扇区段14下游的芯部涡轮发动机16。
绘出的示例性芯部涡轮发动机16大体上包括大致管状的外壳18，其限定环形入口20。外壳18包围成串流关系的包括增压或低压(LP)压缩机22和高压(HP)压缩机24的压缩机区段；燃烧区段26；包括高压(HP)涡轮28和低压(LP)涡轮30的涡轮区段；以及喷气排气喷嘴区段32。高压(HP)轴或转轴34将HP涡轮28传动地连接于HP压缩机24。低压(LP)轴或转轴36将LP涡轮30传动地连接于LP压缩机22。
此外，对于绘出的实施例，风扇区段14包括可变桨距风扇38，其具有以间隔开的方式联接于盘42的多个风扇叶片40。如所绘，风扇叶片40从盘42大体上沿径向方向R向外延伸。多个风扇叶片40中的各个限定前缘44或上游边缘，以及限定在各个相应风扇叶片40的径向外缘处的末端46。各个风扇叶片40还能够依靠风扇叶片40操作性地联接于适合促动部件48而关于盘42绕着桨距轴线P旋转，适合促动部件48构造成一致地共同改变风扇叶片40的桨距。对于绘出的实施例，桨距轴线P大致平行于径向方向R。风扇叶片40、盘42和促动部件48能够由横跨动力变速箱50的LP轴36绕着纵轴线12一起旋转。动力变速箱50包括多个齿轮，用于使LP轴36的转速逐步降低至更有效的旋转风扇速度。
仍参照包括可变桨距风扇38的图1的示例性涡扇发动机10，可变桨距风扇38的盘42由可旋转前毂54覆盖，可旋转前毂54空气动力地定轮廓成促进空气流穿过多个风扇叶片40。此外，示例性风扇区段14包括环形风扇壳或外机舱56，其沿周向包绕风扇38和/或芯部涡轮发动机16的至少一部分。应当认识到的是，机舱56可构造成由多个沿周向间隔的出口导叶58关于芯部涡轮发动机16支承。此外，机舱56的下游区段60可在芯部涡轮发动机16的外部分之上延伸，以便限定其间的旁通空气流通路62。
在涡扇发动机10的操作期间，一定量的空气64通过机舱56和/或风扇区段14的相关联的入口66进入涡扇10。在一定量的空气64横穿风扇叶片40时，如由箭头68指示的空气的第一部分引导或发送到旁通空气流通路62中，而如由箭头70指示的空气的第二部分引导或发送到LP压缩机22中。空气的第一部分68与空气的第二部分70之间的比率通常称为旁通比。空气的第二部分70的压力接着在其发送穿过高压(HP)压缩机24和到燃烧区段26中时增大，其中其与燃料混合并且焚烧以提供燃烧气体72。
燃烧气体72发送穿过HP涡轮28，其中来自燃烧气体72的热能和/或动能的一部分经由联接于外壳18的HP涡轮定子导叶74和联接于HP轴或转轴34的HP涡轮转子叶片76的连续级抽取，因此引起HP轴或转轴34旋转，由此支持HP压缩机24的操作。燃烧气体72接着发送穿过LP涡轮30，其中热能和动能的第二部分从燃烧气体72经由联接于外壳18的LP涡轮定子导叶78和联接于LP轴或转轴36的LP涡轮转子叶片80的连续级抽取，因此引起LP轴或转轴36旋转，由此支持LP压缩机22的操作和/或风扇38的旋转。
燃烧气体72随后发送穿过芯部涡轮发动机16的喷气排气喷嘴区段32以提供推进推力。同时，空气的第一部分68的压力在空气的第一部分68在其从涡扇10的风扇喷嘴排气区段84排出之前发送穿过旁通空气流通路62时显著地增大，也提供了推进推力。HP涡轮28、LP涡轮30和喷气排气喷嘴区段32至少部分地限定热气体路径86，用于将燃烧气体72发送穿过芯部涡轮发动机16。
然而，应当认识到的是，上文参照图1所述的示例性涡扇发动机10仅经由实例提供，并且在其它示例性实施例中，可提供任何其它适合的涡扇发动机，如开放转子/无涵道涡扇发动机。此外，在又一些示例性实施例中，本公开的方面可并入到任何其它适合的燃气涡轮发动机，如涡轮螺旋桨发动机中。
现在参照图2和3，将更详细描述风扇38。图2提供了图1的示例性涡扇发动机10的风扇38的透视图，而图3提供了图1的示例性涡扇发动机10的风扇38的盘42的透视图。
对于绘出的示例性实施例，风扇38包括十二(12)个风扇叶片40。从加载观点看，此类叶片数使得各个风扇叶片40的跨度能够减小，使得风扇38的总直径也能够减小(例如，在示例性实施例中，至大约十二英尺)。在其它实施例中，该所述风扇38可具有任何适合的叶片数和任何适合的直径。例如，在一个适合的实施例中，风扇可具有至少八(8)个风扇叶片40。在另一个适合的实施例中，风扇可具有至少十二(12)个风扇叶片40。在又一个适合的实施例中，风扇可具有至少十五(15)个风扇叶片40。在又一个适合的实施例中，风扇可具有至少十八(18)个风扇叶片40。
此外，盘42包括多个盘节段90，其以大体上环形形状(例如，多边形形状)刚性地联接在一起或者集成地模制在一起。一个风扇叶片40在耳轴机构92处联接于各个盘节段90，耳轴机构92便于在盘42的旋转期间将其相关联的风扇叶片40固持在盘42上(即，耳轴机构92便于在绕着发动机中心线轴线12旋转期间向盘42提供负载路径，用于由风扇叶片40生成的离心负载)，同时仍使其相关联的风扇叶片40能够关于盘42绕着桨距轴线P旋转。
现在大体上参照图4至7，绘出了根据本公开的示例性实施例的独立的盘节段90和耳轴机构92。更具体而言，图4提供了示例性盘节段90和耳轴机构92的组装的透视图；图5提供了示例性盘节段90和耳轴机构92的分解透视图；图6提供了示例性盘节段90和耳轴机构92的侧视截面视图；并且图7提供了示例性盘节段90和耳轴机构92的近视截面视图。
在绘出的示例性实施例中，各个耳轴机构92延伸穿过其相关联的盘节段90，并且包括：联接螺母94；下轴承支承件96；第一线接触轴承98(具有例如内圈100、外圈102和多个滚子104)；卡扣环106；键圈固位器108；键110(下文更详细论述)；轴承支承件112；第二线接触轴承114(具有例如内圈116、外圈118和多个滚子120)；以及收纳风扇叶片40的燕尾部124的耳轴122。然而，在备选实施例中，耳轴122可集成到风扇叶片40的毂中作为翼梁(spar)附件，或者附加的键可插入到风扇叶片40的毂和耳轴122的重叠开口中，以形成销接根部。为了用作轴承98,114，构想出了至少以下类型的线接触类型的滚动元件轴承：圆柱滚子轴承；圆柱滚子止推轴承；锥形滚子轴承；球形滚子轴承；球形滚子止推轴承；滚针轴承；以及锥形滚针轴承。此外，轴承可由任何适合的材料，如适合的不锈钢或其它金属材料形成，或者作为备选，由任何适合的非铁材料形成。
具体参照图6，在绘出的示例性实施例中，第一线接触轴承98以不同于第二线接触轴承114的角定向。更具体而言，线接触轴承98,114以面对面(或双重)布置抵靠彼此预加载，其中轴承98,114的中心线轴线大致垂直于彼此定向。
然而，应当认识到的是，在其它示例性实施例中，线接触轴承98,114可改为以串联布置，以便定向成大致平行于彼此。还应当认识到的是，在其它示例性实施例中，此外或作为备选，耳轴机构92可包括由任何适合材料形成的任何其它适合类型的轴承。例如，在其它示例性实施例中，耳轴机构92可包括滚珠轴承或任何其它适合的轴承。
在组装时，联接螺母94与盘节段90螺纹接合，以便将耳轴机构92的其余构件夹在联接螺母94与盘节段90之间，由此固持附接于盘节段90的耳轴机构92。此外，如所绘，绘出的独立的盘节段90和耳轴机构92包括键合构造，用于在操作期间传送风扇叶片40的离心负载。可大体上随风扇叶片40的质量和风扇叶片40的转速变化的离心负载可在涡扇发动机10的风扇38的操作期间为相对高的。
绘出的键合构造由耳轴机构92、盘节段90和键110大体上形成。具体而言，耳轴机构92包括限定键槽128的基部126。对于绘出的实施例，键槽128在大致垂直于桨距轴线P的平面中围绕耳轴机构92的基部126的圆周延伸。耳轴机构92的基部126至少部分地延伸穿过(即，进入)盘节段90。值得注意地，盘节段90包括支承部件，其对于绘出的实施例构造为轴承支承部件112。键110至少部分地定位在限定在耳轴机构92的基部126中的键槽128中，并且进一步定位成邻近盘节段90的轴承支承部件112。键固位器(即，键圈固位器108)附接于耳轴机构92的基部126并且构造用于将键110保持就位。利用此类构造，键110可在风扇38的操作期间将耳轴机构92的基部126至少部分地固持在盘节段90内。更具体而言，如将在下文更详细论述的，键110构造用于在风扇38的操作期间传送风扇叶片40的离心负载并且将此类离心负载传递至盘节段90。
现在具体参照图7，键110和耳轴机构92限定键110与键槽128之间的第一径向内接触线130。此外，键110和盘节段90限定键110与轴承支承部件112之间的第二径向外接触线132。如本文中使用的，用语"接触线"是指由两个构件限定的线，其中两个构件物理地接触彼此。如可在图7中所见，对于绘出的实施例，键110限定沿平行于第一接触线130和第二接触线132的方向的宽度W。此外，第一接触线130和第二接触线132均限定长度。第一接触线130和第二接触线132的长度为键110的宽度W的至少大约百分之二十五。更具体而言，对于绘出的实施例，第一接触线130和第二接触线132的长度均为键110的宽度的至少大约百分之五十、至少大约百分之七十或至少大约百分之九十。
此外，由键110至少部分限定的第一接触线130和第二接触线132分别限定第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136。第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136延伸至桨距轴线P并且与桨距轴线P相交。此外，第一接触基准线134与桨距轴线P限定第一角138，而第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定第二角140。对于绘出的实施例，分别由第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定的第一角138和第二角140大于0度并且小于90度。更具体而言，对于绘出的实施例，由第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定的第一角138和第二角140大于大约三十度并且小于大约六十度。例如，在某些示例性实施例中，由第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定的第一角138和第二角140可均为近似四十五度。应当认识到的是，如本文中使用的，近似用语，如"大约"或"近似"是指在百分之十的误差裕度内。
值得注意地，对于绘出的实施例，第一接触线130大致平行于第二接触线132。因此，由第一接触基准线134和第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定的第一角138和第二角140可大致相同。然而，在其它示例性实施例中，第一接触线130和第二接触线132可不大致平行，并且因此由第一接触基准线134与桨距轴线P限定的第一角138可不同于由第二接触基准线136与桨距轴线P限定的第二角140。此外，对于绘出的实施例，第一接触线130和第二接触线132均为大致直的接触线。然而，在其它示例性实施例中，第一接触线130和/或第二接触线132可限定弯头或曲线。例如，简要参照图8，其提供根据本公开的另一个示例性实施例的盘节段90和耳轴机构92的近视截面视图，第一接触线130和第二接触线132限定曲线。关于此类示例性实施例，第一接触线130和第二接触线132可仍限定相应的基准线134,136，其延伸至桨距轴线P并且与桨距轴线P相交，并且与桨距轴线P限定角，如上文所述的第一角138和第二角140。然而，如所示，关于此类示例性实施例绘出的示例性基准线134,136可沿相应的第一接触线130和第二接触线132的等分线延伸。
此外，应当认识到的是，尽管图4至7中所绘的示例性键110绘出为轴对称键，但在其它示例性实施例中，键110可不为轴对称的。例如，在其它示例性实施例中，键110可构造为"C形夹"，或作为备选，延伸穿过耳轴机构92的基部126中的对应形状的键槽的多个独立的直销。
回头参照图7，在涡扇发动机10和更具体是涡扇发动机10的可变桨距风扇38的操作期间，耳轴机构92、盘节段90和键110限定用于传送风扇叶片40的离心负载的负载路径。对于绘出的实施例，负载路径从耳轴机构92延伸穿过第一接触线130至键110，并且从键110延伸穿过第二接触线132至盘节段90的轴承支承部件112。此类构造可更好地适应在可变桨距风扇38的操作期间由风扇叶片40生成的离心负载。更具体而言，假定第一接触线和第二接触线132关于桨距轴线P的角，键110、键槽128和轴承支承部件112构造成使得生成最小应力集中。因此，需要较小的键110(和较小的键槽128和轴承支承部件112)来传送风扇38的相同离心负载。
现在还简要参照图9，提供了根据本公开的示例性实施例的键110的近视图。在某些示例性实施例中，键110可以以与上文参照图4至7论述的示例性键110大致相同的方式构造。对于绘出的实施例，键110构造为关于桨距轴线P大致轴对称，并且由多个独立的键部件142形成。特别是对于绘出的实施例，键110由两个独立键部件142形成。然而，在其它示例性实施例中，键110可改为由任何其它适合数量的键部件142形成。例如，在其它示例性实施例中，键110可由四个或更多键部件142、六个或更多键部件142、十二个或更多键部件142、十六个或更多键部件142，或二十个或更多键部件142形成。
该书面的描述使用实例以公开本发明(包括最佳模式)，并且还使本领域技术人员能够实践本发明(包括制造和使用任何装置或系统并且执行任何并入的方法)。本发明的可专利范围由权利要求限定，并且可包括本领域技术人员想到的其它实例。如果这些其它实例包括不与权利要求的字面语言不同的结构元件，或者如果这些其它实例包括与权利要求的字面语言无显著差别的等同结构元件，则这些其它实例意图在权利要求的范围内。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于燃气涡轮发动机的可变桨距风扇(38)，所述可变桨距风扇(38)包括：
风扇叶片(40)，其限定径向内端部和桨距轴线(P)；
耳轴机构(92)，其包括限定键槽(128)的基部(126)，所述风扇叶片(40)的所述径向内端部附接于所述耳轴机构(92)；
盘(42)，其包括具有支承部件的盘节段(90)，所述耳轴机构(92)的所述基部(126)至少部分地延伸穿过所述盘节段(90)；以及
键(110)，其至少部分地定位在所述耳轴机构(92)的所述基部(126)的所述键槽(128)中并且邻近所述盘节段(90)的所述支承部件用于将所述耳轴机构(92)的所述基部(126)至少部分地固持在所述盘节段(90)内，所述键(110)限定所述键(110)与所述键槽(128)之间的第一接触线(130)，以及所述键(110)与所述支承部件之间的第二接触线(132)，所述第一接触线(130)和所述第二接触线(132)分别限定第一接触基准线(134)和第二接触基准线(136)，所述第一接触基准线(134)和所述第二接触基准线(136)与所述风扇叶片(40)的所述桨距轴线(P)限定大于零度(0°)且小于九十度(90°)的角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述第一接触线(130)大致平行于所述第二接触线(132)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述键(110)由多个独立键部件形成。
4.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述第一接触基准线(134)和所述第二接触基准线(136)均与所述桨距轴线(P)限定大于大约三十度(30°)且小于大约六十度(60°)的角。
5.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述第一接触基准线(134)和所述第二接触基准线(136)均与所述桨距轴线(P)限定近似四十五度(45°)的角。
6.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述键(110)关于所述桨距轴线(P)大致轴对称。
7.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述耳轴机构(92)、所述盘(42)和所述键(110)限定用于在所述可变桨距风扇(38)的操作期间传送所述风扇叶片(40)的离心负载的负载路径，其中所述负载路径从所述耳轴机构(92)延伸穿过所述第一接触线(130)至所述键(110)，并且延伸穿过所述第二接触线(132)至所述盘节段(90)的所述支承部件。
8.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述盘节段(90)包括具有轴承支承部件的轴承组件，并且其中所述支承部件构造为所述轴承支承部件。
9.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，所述可变桨距风扇(38)还包括：
附接于所述耳轴的所述基部(126)用于将所述键(110)保持就位的键(110)固位器。
10.根据权利要求1所述的可变桨距风扇(38)，其特征在于，限定在所述耳轴机构(92)的所述基部(126)中的所述键槽(128)在大致垂直于所述桨距轴线(P)的平面中围绕所述耳轴机构(92)的圆周延伸。
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