CN106967746A - 一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法 - Google Patents
一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明具体公开了一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,包括以下步骤:S1.将含有目的基因的重组质粒导入高粱;S2.转基因高粱的幼胚培养;S3.抗除草剂筛选;S4.提取转基因高粱基因组,PCR检测。由于本发明前期采用含除草剂的培养基筛选,结合幼胚加代技术,最后只针对同源同代植株中的一株进行PCR检测,验证是否含有目标基因,再对与该株同源同代的所有植株进行目的基因的PCR检测验证,节省大量的人力和物力,本发明的检测周期在半年既可以实现多代纯合植株的筛选,大大缩短检测周期,提高基因工程育种效率,使用本发明的方法检测转基因纯合植株,其检出率在35%左右,结合本发明的短周期优点,本发明的方法可以应用在基因工程育种中。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及转基因高粱育种技术领域,具体地,涉及一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法。
背景技术
转基因植物(Genetically modified plants)是拥有来自其他物种基因的植物。转基因技术自诞生以来,由于具有针对性强、可以打破物种间的生殖隔离、提高作物育种效率等优点,倍受育种工作者的关注。转基因作物为社会带来持续客观的经济利益,据已有的统计资料,2012年转基因种子的全球市场价值为150亿美元,2011年转基因作物带来的经济效益为197亿美元;转基因技术为保障全球粮食安全和粮食自给、可持续性发展、减轻贫困和饥饿、帮助缓解气候变化和全球变暖带来的挑战作出重要贡献。
高粱不仅是重要的食用粮食,还是一种重要的酿酒原料,中国是全球较大的高粱生产国。近些年来,常规育种在提高高粱产量和品质方面进展缓慢,转基因等生物技术手段为解决这些问题开辟新的途径。目前,尽管转基因高粱还没有在中国商业化,中国科研人员已经开展抗病、抗虫、耐除草剂、耐旱和改善品质的转基因高粱的研究,并取得较好的研究进展。
目前高粱的转基因方法仍以基因枪介导法为主,基因枪法导入的目的基因通常多拷贝居多,后代分离严重,需多代连续跟踪检测,才能获得纯合的转基因植株。由于高粱的基因组较大,PCR等检测较为困难,多代连续跟踪检测的工作量非常巨大,需投入大量的人力和物力。因此急需发明一种提高转基因育种的方法。
发明内容
针对现有技术上的不足,本发明提供一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明通过以下技术方案得以实现:
一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将含有目的基因的重组质粒导入高粱;
S2.转基因高粱的幼胚培养;
S3.抗除草剂筛选;
S4.提取转基因高粱基因组,PCR检测。
相对于现有技术,本发明的有益效果:
由于本发明前期采用含除草剂的培养基筛选,结合幼胚加代技术,最后只针对同源同代植株中的一株进行PCR检测,验证是否含有目标基因,再对与该株同源同代的所有植株进行目的基因的PCR检测验证,节省大量的人力和物力,同时幼胚加代技术也节省了目的基因纯合过程所需的时间,本发明的检测周期在半年即可以实现多代纯合植株的筛选,大大缩短检测周期,提高基因工程育种效率,使用本发明的方法检测转基因纯合植株,其检出率在35%左右,结合本发明的短周期优点,本发明的方法可以应用在基因工程育种中,提高基因工程育种效率。
附图说明
此处的附图被并入说明书中并构成本说明书的一部分,示出了符合本发明的实施例,并与说明书一起用于解释本发明的原理。
图1是本发明的流程示意图。
图2是本发明使用质粒pAHC25的基因图谱。
具体实施方式
结合以下实施例对本发明作进一步描述。图1是本发明的快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法的流程示意图。
一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,包括以下步骤:
S1.将含有目的基因的重组质粒导入高粱;
S2.转基因高粱的幼胚培养;
S3.抗除草剂筛选;
S4.提取转基因高粱基因组,PCR检测。
优选地,以上所述步骤S1具体操作过程为:
(1)将目的基因插入基础质粒pAHC25的BamHI和SacI限制性内切酶切位点之间,以目的基因取代pAHC25的gus基因,使目的基因与pAHC25基础质粒中的抗除草剂bar基因紧密连锁;
(2)将上步骤获得的重组质粒采用根癌农杆菌介导法导入高粱,获得T0代转基因高粱植株;
优选地,以上所述步骤S3具体操作过程为:
(1)取T0代转基因高粱植株开花15天后的幼胚,置于梯度浓度0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L草丁膦除草剂的培养基培养,培养基为MS培养基,挑选具有抗性的幼苗,继续培养至8cm左右,移栽至室外常规栽培至植株开花;
(2)取上述开花15天后的幼胚,置于梯度浓度0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L草丁膦除草剂的培养基培养,培养基为1/2MS培养基,挑选具有抗性的幼苗,继续培养至8cm左右,移栽至室外常规栽培,直至后代幼苗不再死亡,该幼苗初步鉴定为抗除草剂bar基因纯合的转基因高粱植株。
优选地,以上所述步骤S4具体操作过程为:
(1)选取一株上述初步鉴定为抗除草剂bar基因纯合的转基因高粱植株,提取其叶片基因组DNA;
(2)进行PCR检测是否含有目的基因,如含有目的基因,再对与该株同源同代的所有植株叶片DNA进行目的基因的PCR检测以验证目的基因是否纯合,如目的基因纯合,这些植株即为转基因高粱纯合植株。
本发明的快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,首先进行抗除草剂筛选,使用不同浓度梯度的除草剂同时进行筛选,大大缩短筛选步骤和时间,梯度筛选后取一株进行基因组提取和PCR检测筛选,减少提取基因组和PCR检测的工作量,节约人力财力,同时幼胚加代技术也节省了目的基因纯合过程所需的时间,大大提高基因工程育种的效率,同样的时间,科研人员可以进行多组平行操作,提高育种成功率。
在合适的实施例中,我们对于以上步骤S4中所述提取其叶片基因组DNA做出详细说明:
优选地,提取其叶片基因组DNA包括以下步骤:
S1.取适量经石英砂和干冰研磨后的样品中加入2mL的离心管,随后快速加入1.5mL DNA提取缓冲液并上下颠倒混匀,混匀3分钟;
S2.将所有混合液转移到注射器中,轻轻推动注射器,混合液经过海绵和微孔滤膜的过滤后,滤液流到吸附柱的硅胶膜上,室温下静置5分钟;
S3.取新的注射器连接至吸附柱上,推动注射器,硅胶膜上的清液会缓慢的经过硅胶膜而流到柱子下面连接的离心管中,此时DNA分子会吸附在硅胶膜上;
S4.换新的2mL的离心管,加入500uL的洗液A后在室温下静置3分钟,推动注射器让洗液A洗脱硅胶膜上的蛋白质以及RNA;
S5.换新的2mL的离心管,加入700uL的洗液B后在室温下静置1分钟,推动注射器让洗液B洗脱硅胶膜上残留的蛋白质以及RNA;
S6.换新的2mL的离心管,加入500uL的洗脱液Ⅰ后在室温下静置3分钟,推动注射器让洗脱液Ⅰ对硅胶膜进行洗脱,去除残留的有机溶剂;
S7.换新的2mL的离心管,加入700uL的洗脱液Ⅱ后在室温下静置1分钟,推动注射器让洗脱液Ⅱ对硅胶膜进行洗脱,进一步除残留的有机溶剂;
S8.换新的注射器,推动注射器对空管的硅胶柱进行推气干燥3次,然后室温干燥3分钟;
S9.换新的2mL的离心管,加入50uL贮存液,后在室温下静置5分钟,轻轻推动注射器,离心管中便能收集得到高质量的DNA。
更优选地,所述DNA提取缓冲液成分为5M异硫氰酸胍,10mM 2-巯基乙醇,50mMTris,20mM EDTA,21.3mM聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚,pH 6.8;
更优选地,所述吸附柱的硅胶膜为特殊硅基质吸附材料,可以特异性吸附DNA,排斥RNA和蛋白质;
更优选地,所述过滤层为大孔径的海绵过滤层和超小孔径的微孔滤膜层;所述过滤层海绵为耐酸耐碱的材料;所述过滤层微孔滤膜为耐酸耐碱的陶瓷膜,孔径为0.8nm~1μm。
本发明使用的基因组提取方法不需要借助离心机、水浴锅和震荡仪等大型仪器,可脱离实验室,携带到田间或农产品交易市场进行现场快速提取基因组DNA,且提取步骤简便,耗时短,也可以可用于农产品监测和出入境检验检疫等部门快速检测,具有广阔的应用前景和市场价值。
实验例
为了验证本发明的快速鉴定抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,对不同品种的高粱的稳定性,本实验例选取了三个不同品种的高粱,同时用模式生物拟南芥作为对照,使用本发明的方法,鉴定不同的高粱品种的转基因纯合植株的稳定性,准确性。高粱SbDREB2基因是高粱干旱应答元件结合蛋白,在高粱非生物逆境胁迫中调节下游一系列抗逆基因的表达,该基因受干旱、高盐、低温、ABA等非生物胁迫诱导。
实验材料:
高粱品种;绿能3号,新高粱2号,甜饲1号(均为市场购买),拟南芥;将基础质粒pAHC25的gus报告基因用高粱SbDREB2基因替换,构建拟高粱SbDREB2基因过量表达载体;将基础质粒pAHC25的gus报告基因用拟南芥NPR1基因替换,构建拟南芥NPR1基因过量表达载体,该基因与抗除草剂bar基因紧密连锁。每个品种每个处理制备T0代转基因植株100株,经过抗除草剂初步筛选,然后进行基因组PCR检测,最后获得转基因纯合体植株情况如表1所示:
表1
本实验例表明,使用本发明的快速鉴定抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,可以对不同的高粱品种的转基因植株进行快速检测,也可以对模式生物拟南芥的转基因植株进行快速检测,其快速检测的检出率在35%左右,在较短的检测周期下,本发明的检出率已达到本领域的较高水平。以上实验例不是对本发明的限制,所述的目的基因不限于SbDREB2基因和NPR1基因,所述高粱品种也不限于绿能3号、新高粱2号、甜饲1号,只要本领域的技术人员在本发明的启示下,将目的基因转入高粱品种,都属于本发明的保护范畴。
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (4)
1.一种快速获得抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
S1.将含有目的基因的重组质粒导入高粱;
S2.转基因高粱的幼胚培养;
S3.抗除草剂筛选;
S4.提取转基因高粱基因组,PCR检测。
2.根据权利要求1所述的快速鉴定抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S1具体操作过程为:
(1)将目的基因插入基础质粒pAHC25的BamHI和SacI限制性内切酶切位点之间,以目的基因取代pAHC25的gus基因,使目的基因与pAHC25基础质粒中的抗除草剂bar基因紧密连锁;
(2)将上步骤获得的重组质粒采用根癌农杆菌介导法导入高粱,获得T0代转基因高粱植株。
3.根据权利要求2所述的快速鉴定抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S3具体操作过程为:
(1)取T0代转基因高粱植株开花15天后的幼胚,置于梯度浓度0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L草丁膦除草剂的培养基培养,培养基为MS培养基,挑选具有抗性的幼苗,继续培养至8cm左右,移栽至室外常规栽培至植株开花;
(2)取上述开花15天后的幼胚,置于梯度浓度0.1mg/L、0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L草丁膦除草剂的培养基培养,培养基为1/2MS培养基,挑选具有抗性的幼苗,继续培养至8cm左右,移栽至室外常规栽培,直至后代幼苗不再死亡,该幼苗初步鉴定为抗除草剂bar基因纯合的转基因高粱植株。
4.根据权利要求3所述的快速鉴定抗除草剂的转基因高粱纯合植株的方法,其特征在于,所述步骤S4具体操作过程为:
(1)选取一株上述初步鉴定为抗除草剂bar基因纯合的转基因高粱植株,提取其叶片基因组DNA;
(2)进行PCR检测是否含有目的基因,如含有目的基因,再对与该株同源同代的所有植株叶片DNA进行目的基因的PCR检测以验证目的基因是否纯合,如目的基因纯合,这些植株即为转基因高粱纯合植株。
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| CN103540608A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 快速获得转基因小麦纯合植株的方法 |
| CN104202968A (zh) * | 2012-02-01 | 2014-12-10 | 陶氏益农公司 | 抗草甘膦植物及相关方法 |
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| CN104202968A (zh) * | 2012-02-01 | 2014-12-10 | 陶氏益农公司 | 抗草甘膦植物及相关方法 |
| CN103540608A (zh) * | 2013-10-08 | 2014-01-29 | 江苏省农业科学院 | 快速获得转基因小麦纯合植株的方法 |
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