CN107086830A - DC electric drives and electric equipment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a kind of direct current drive drive device and electrical equipment.The direct current drive drive device that the present invention is provided, is arranged in electrical equipment, for driving electrical equipment, including：Direct current generator；Dc source；Instruct sending part；Driver；And chopper, it is characterised in that：Wherein, direct current generator has 2j armature winding branch roads that are separate and being made up of m winding, be connected with winding 2j × m commutator segment, the individual separate brushes of 2j for being connected with chopper and being in contact with commutator segment, chopper is single tube chopper, chopper has j separate copped wave units, each copped wave unit is connected with a brush respectively, and j and m are the positive integer not less than 2.

Description

DC electric drives and electric equipment

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of direct current motors, in particular to a direct current electric drive device and electric equipment including the direct current electric drive device.

Background technique

With the increase in the number of days and duration of smog in major cities, the country has become more and more strict on the exhaust emission management of fuel equipment; in addition, in a closed indoor working environment, the use of fuel equipment is prohibited; in addition, oil as an energy source It is non-renewable and will face depletion in a few decades. Therefore, electric equipment using electricity as an energy source, such as electric vehicles, electric forklifts and other electric equipment, is more and more favored by manufacturers and consumers. Not only does it have low pollution and can use the electric energy provided by renewable energy, but it also has the advantages of high energy utilization rate, simple structure, low noise, good dynamic performance and high portability compared with fuel equipment. Under the situation of increasingly tight oil resources, vigorously developing electric drive devices, especially high-power electric drive devices such as electric chariots, electric warships, electric aircraft and electric drive aircraft carriers, etc., has far-reaching significance for national defense and security.

Because AC motors, especially asynchronous motors, have the advantages of simple structure, reliable operation, light weight, and low price, they have been widely used. However, AC motors have disadvantages such as small starting torque, large starting current, poor smoothness of speed regulation, large vibration and noise, and complex control algorithms. Even if the best control algorithm is used, the existence of high-order harmonics in the motor cannot be eliminated, resulting in the performance of AC motors being inferior to DC motors in starting, braking, speed regulation and low speed. Therefore, occasions that require high performance of electric equipment, such as household inverter air conditioners, elevators, electric vehicles, etc., still favor electric equipment equipped with DC motors.

In the DC electric drive device shown in Figure 2, the requirements for the power switch tube are extremely strict. During normal operation, the power switch tube must work below the maximum operating temperature, maximum operating current, and maximum operating voltage. Once any condition is exceeded , the power switch tube will be damaged; in addition, when the component parameters in the electronic circuit change beyond the normal operating range, overvoltage or overcurrent may be generated in the power switch tube, resulting in damage to the power switch tube and causing electrical equipment failure ; In addition, with the increase of working time, the power switch tube will age, and the performance indicators such as the maximum working temperature, maximum working current and maximum working voltage will decrease accordingly, and the damage of the power switch tube will easily lead to the overall failure or short circuit of the chopper And other failures, which will lead to electrical equipment failures and even safety accidents.

High-power DC electric drives and electric equipment, especially low-voltage high-current DC electric drives and electric equipment, require controllers or choppers with large continuous operating currents, and related technologies and products are controlled and controlled by individual countries and companies. Monopoly leads to high prices, and the output current value of high-performance motor controllers or choppers that can be purchased on the market is only below 1,000 amperes. In the final analysis, many reasons, such as the production level, the parallel current sharing technology of multiple power switch tubes, the control circuit and algorithm are too complicated, have seriously restricted and affected the development of low-voltage high-current DC electric drive devices and electric equipment.

In summary, these problems have seriously affected the development of high-performance and high-power electric equipment, including low-voltage and high-current electric vehicles, electric boats, and even electric chariots, electric warships, electric aircraft, and electric-driven aircraft carriers for national defense.

Contents of the invention

The present invention is carried out to solve the above-mentioned problems. By providing a chopper circuit with independent chopper bridge arms and independent output current, which realizes complete decoupling of current, it includes a multi-brush DC motor and includes the chopper circuit and The utility model relates to a direct current electric driving device and electric equipment of the multi-brush direct current motor.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

<Structure 1>

The invention provides a DC electric driving device, which is set in the electric equipment and used to drive the electric equipment, comprising: a DC motor with a rated voltage and a rated current; a DC power supply with a voltage corresponding to the rated voltage for providing The direct current corresponding to the rated current; the command sending part, which sends the command signal corresponding to the value of the rotational speed or torque output by the DC motor; the driver, which generates the drive signal according to the command signal; and the chopper, which under the action of the drive signal The direct current is converted into voltage-controllable direct current and provided to the direct current motor, wherein, the direct current motor has 2j mutually independent armature winding branches composed of m windings, 2j×m commutation branches connected to the windings 2j mutually independent brushes connected to the chopper and in contact with the commutator piece, the chopper is a single-tube chopper, and the chopper has j mutually independent chopping units, each The chopper units are respectively connected to a brush, and both j and m are positive integers not less than 2.

The DC electric drive device provided by the present invention can also have such technical features: wherein, the single-tube chopper is a step-down chopper, a boost chopper or a buck-boost chopper, when the single-tube chopper is In the step-down chopper, each chopper unit includes a power switch tube and a diode connected in reverse series with the power switch tube to provide line current to the corresponding brush.

The DC electric driving device provided by the present invention may also have the following features, and further include: a controller, wherein the controller outputs the operation control signal and the motor control signal according to the command signal, and the driver enters the working state or the stop state under the action of the operation control signal , to generate a drive signal according to the motor control signal in the working state.

The DC electric driving device provided by the present invention may also have such features, and further include: an output sensor, wherein the output sensor detects the rotational speed or torque output by the DC motor, and sends a corresponding output feedback signal, and the controller according to the command signal and the output The feedback signal outputs a running control signal and a motor control signal.

The DC electric driving device provided by the present invention may also have such features, and further include: a current sensor, wherein the current sensor detects the current value of the lead-out line of the brush, and sends a corresponding current feedback signal, and the controller according to the command signal, current Feedback signal and output The feedback signal calculates and outputs a running control signal and a motor control signal.

The DC electric driving device provided by the present invention can also have such a feature: wherein, when the rated current of the brush lead wire is I ₁ and the rated current of the DC motor is I _N , the number 2j of the armature winding branches satisfies the following The above conditions: j>I _N ÷ I ₁ , j is a positive integer not less than 2.

The DC electric driving device provided by the present invention may also have the following features: wherein, the DC power supply is a battery pack or a rectification source obtained by rectifying and filtering the AC power supply, and the battery pack is composed of at least one battery cell.

The DC electric drive device provided by the present invention can also have such features: wherein, the connection mode of the armature winding is lap winding, and the excitation mode of the main magnetic pole of the DC motor is permanent magnet, separate excitation, series excitation, shunt excitation or compound excitation .

The DC electric drive device provided by the present invention may also have such a feature: wherein, the armature winding branch is independently installed on at least one armature iron core of the DC motor, and the chopper is formed by at least one intelligent power module or Contains multiple power switch tubes, power switch tubes are power field effect transistors, gate turn-off thyristors, integrated gate commutation thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, power bipolar transistors and gate commutation thyristors any of the

<Structure 2>

Further, the present invention also provides an electric device including the above-mentioned DC electric drive device.

Function and Effect of Invention

According to the DC electric drive device and electric equipment provided by the present invention, since the DC motor has 2j independent armature winding branches composed of m windings, 2j×m commutator segments connected to the windings, and a chopper 2j mutually independent brushes connected and in contact with the commutator segment, the chopper is a single-tube chopper, and the chopper has j mutually independent chopping units, and each chopping unit is connected to an electric The brushes are connected, j and m are both positive integers not less than 2, so the line currents output by any two chopper units are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other, so that the output current of the chopper can be increased by adding the chopper unit The number increases linearly, theoretically it can reach infinity. It not only retains the mature control algorithm of the original chopper and the mature technology of the DC motor, but also reduces the requirements for the consistency of the performance of the power switch. A lot of manpower and financial resources are spent on the carefully selected switching elements with high consistency in the power switch tube.

In addition, the DC electric drive device of the present invention can break the foreign monopoly and blockade of high-current drive devices, so that the DC electric drive device can not only replace the fuel engine with high pollution, slow start-up speed and low energy utilization rate, but also be used in Heavy-duty locomotives using electric motors, such as trucks, bulldozers, excavators, etc., can also be applied to electric chariots, electric warships, and electric-driven aircraft carriers that require greater current in the military, realizing low-voltage, high-current DC. Localization of dynamic drive devices. And compared with the AC motor drive device, the system performance is more superior.

In addition, in an environment that does not require a feedback braking working circuit, the single-tube chopper used in the present invention has a simpler circuit, fewer components, higher reliability and Lower cost and other advantages.

Therefore, the DC electric drive device of the present invention has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, low cost, low calorific value, stable working performance, safety and reliability, and long service life.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a DC electric driving device according to an embodiment of the present invention; and FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a circuit structure of a high current DC electric driving device in the prior art.

detailed description

The specific implementation manners of the present invention will be described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

The DC electric drive device 10 is set in electric equipment such as electric tools, quadcopters, electric vehicles, electric boats, industrial electric forklifts, and electric military equipment for driving electric equipment.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the circuit structure of the DC electric drive device in this embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 1 , the DC electric drive device 10 includes a DC motor 11 , a DC power supply 12 , a command sending unit 13 , an output sensor 14 , a controller 15 , a driver 18 , a chopper 19 and a current sensor 20 .

The DC motor 11 has a rated voltage and a rated current. The DC motor 11 has a main pole 111 and at least one armature 112 . In an embodiment, the DC motor has one armature 112 . The armature 112 is the rotor of the DC motor.

The main pole 111 provides a working magnetic field for the armature 112 . The excitation mode of the main magnetic pole is permanent magnet, separate excitation, series excitation, shunt excitation or compound excitation. If the main magnetic pole is separately excited, the separately excited excitation winding is controlled independently, which is independent of the control of the armature winding. If the main magnetic pole is in a shunt excitation mode, the shunt excitation winding is powered by a separate chopper, a DC power supply with the same voltage as the DC power supply 12 and a separate driver. In this embodiment, the main magnetic pole 111 adopts the excitation method of series excitation.

The armature 112 includes a rotor core (not shown in the figure), 2j armature winding branches 1121 , 2j×m commutator segments (not shown in the figure), and 2 sets of brush sets 1122 .

The armature winding branch 1121 is independently installed on the rotor core of the armature 112 . The armature winding branch 1121 is composed of m windings wound on the rotor core, where m is a positive integer greater than 2. The connection mode of the winding in the armature winding branch 1121 is lap winding. In normal operation, the currents of all armature winding branches do not affect each other and are independent of each other.

The two sets of brush sets 1122 are divided into two groups according to the polarities of the main magnetic poles 111 corresponding to their spatial positions, and are respectively connected to two sets of power lines of the DC motor 11 and are in contact with the commutator segments of the commutator. Each brush group contains j mutually independent brushes. 2j brushes are evenly distributed on the commutator of the DC motor, which is composed of commutator segments, corresponding to the position of the main magnetic pole of the DC motor, and each brush can be in contact with at least one commutator segment. One group of brushes is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the motor, and the spatial position of the other group of brushes is installed between two adjacent brushes of different groups. In this embodiment, the brushes are narrow brushes whose size is slightly smaller than that of the commutator segments. In this embodiment, each brush may be in contact with at least one commutator segment.

The DC power supply 12 has a voltage corresponding to a rated voltage and is used to provide a DC power corresponding to a rated current. The DC power source 12 is a battery pack or a rectification source obtained by rectifying and filtering the AC power source. In this embodiment, the DC power source 12 is a battery pack.

The command transmission unit 13 transmits a command signal corresponding to the value of the rotational speed or torque output by the DC motor 11 .

The output sensor 14 detects the rotational speed or torque output by the DC motor 11 and outputs a corresponding output feedback signal. The output feedback signal is received by the controller 15 .

The current sensor 20 detects the line current value of the brush lead-out line, and outputs a corresponding current feedback signal. The current feedback signal is received by the controller 15 .

The controller 15 calculates the drive operation control signal 16 and the motor control signal 17 according to the command signal from the command sending unit 13 , the output feedback signal from the output sensor 14 and the current feedback signal from the current sensor 20 .

The driver 18 enters the working state under the control of the running control signal 16 , and generates a driving signal for driving the chopper 19 to work according to the motor control signal 17 .

Under the action of the driving signal sent by the driver 19 , the chopper 19 converts the constant-voltage direct current into a direct-current with controllable average voltage and supplies it to the direct-current motor 11 . The chopper 19 is a single tube chopper. The single-tube chopper is a buck chopper, a boost chopper or a buck-boost chopper. In this embodiment, the chopper 19 is a step-down chopper.

The chopper 19 has chopper units 191 that correspond one-to-one to the j brushes in one of the brush groups. Each chopping unit 191 has a power switch tube and a diode connected in reverse series with the power switch tube, which together provide line current to the corresponding brush.

The power switch tube is a fully controlled power switch tube, which can use power field effect transistors, gate turn-off thyristors, integrated gate commutation thyristors, insulated gate bipolar transistors, power bipolar transistors and gate commutation Any type of thyristor. In this embodiment, the power switch tube is a power field effect transistor.

When the rated current of the lead wire of the brush is I ₁ and the rated current of the DC motor 11 is I _N , the number 2j of the armature winding branch 1121 satisfies the following condition: j > I _N ÷ I ₁ , j is not A positive integer less than 2.

Function and effect of embodiment

According to the DC electric drive device and electric equipment provided in this embodiment, since the DC motor has 2j independent armature winding branches composed of m windings, 2j×m commutator segments connected to the windings, and chopper 2j mutually independent brushes connected to the commutator and in contact with the commutator segment, the chopper is a single-tube chopper, and the chopper has j mutually independent chopping units, and each chopping unit is connected to a The brushes are connected, and j and m are both positive integers not less than 2, so the line currents output by any two chopper units are independent of each other and do not interfere with each other, so that the output current of the chopper can be increased by increasing the chopper The number of units increases linearly, theoretically it can reach infinity. It not only retains the mature control algorithm of the original chopper and the mature technology of the DC motor, but also reduces the requirements for the consistency of the performance of the power switch. A lot of manpower and financial resources are spent on the carefully selected switching elements with high consistency in the power switch tube.

In addition, the DC electric drive device of this embodiment can break the foreign monopoly and blockade of high-current drive devices, so that the DC electric drive device can not only replace the fuel engine with high pollution, slow start-up speed and low energy utilization rate, but also be used in current Heavy-duty locomotives that cannot use electric motors, such as trucks, bulldozers, excavators, etc., can also be applied to electric chariots, electric warships, and electric-driven aircraft carriers that require greater current in the military, realizing low-voltage high-current Localization of DC electric drives. And compared with the AC motor drive device, the system performance is more superior.

In addition, in an environment that does not require a feedback braking working circuit, the single-tube chopper used in this embodiment has a simpler circuit, fewer components, and higher reliability than the half-bridge and full-bridge choppers and lower cost advantages.

Therefore, the DC electric drive device of this embodiment has the advantages of simple and reasonable structural design, low cost, low calorific value, stable working performance, safety and reliability, and long service life.

In the above-mentioned embodiments, the DC electric drive device includes an output sensor, a current sensor, and a controller, but the DC electric drive device of the present invention may not include the above-mentioned three, and the command signal is directly generated by the command sending part, and the driver generates the command signal according to the command signal. Drive signal; or only set the controller, the controller outputs the operation control signal and motor control signal according to the command signal, and the driver enters the working state or stop state under the action of the operation control signal; or set the output sensor and the controller, the output sensor detects The DC motor outputs the rotational speed or torque, and sends the corresponding output feedback signal, and the controller outputs the operation control signal and the motor control signal according to the command signal and the output feedback signal.

In the above embodiments, the brushes are narrow brushes, but the brushes of the present invention may also be wide brushes.

In addition, in the above-mentioned embodiments, the current sensor detects the line current value of the lead wire of the brush, but as the DC electric drive device and electric equipment of the present invention, the current sensor can also detect the line current value of the motor.

The basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention have been shown and described above. Those skilled in the industry should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above-mentioned embodiments. What are described in the above-mentioned embodiments and the description only illustrate the principle of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will also have Variations and improvements all fall within the scope of the claimed invention.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of direct current drive drive device, is arranged in electrical equipment, for driving the electrical equipment, including：

Direct current generator, with rated voltage and rated current；

Dc source, with the voltage corresponding with the rated voltage, corresponding with the rated current for providing is straight Stream electricity；

Sending part is instructed, the command signal corresponding with the rotating speed or the value of torque that the direct current generator is exported is sent；

Driver, drive signal is produced according to the command signal；And

Chopper, is converted to the controllable direct current of voltage by the direct current in the presence of the drive signal and is supplied to institute State direct current generator,

It is characterized in that：

Wherein, the direct current generator have 2j armature winding branch roads that are separate and being made up of m winding and it is described around 2j × m commutator segment of group connection, 2j for being connected with the chopper and being in contact with the commutator segment are separate Brush,

The chopper is single tube chopper, and the chopper has j separate copped wave units, each copped wave list Member is connected with a brush respectively,

The j and the m are the positive integer not less than 2.

2. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Wherein, the single tube chopper be buck chopper, boost chopper or buck-boost chopper,

When the single tube chopper is buck chopper, each copped wave unit contain a power switch pipe and with this The diode of power switch pipe differential concatenation connection, line current is provided to the corresponding brush.

3. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that also include：

Controller,

Wherein, the controller runs control signal and motor control signal according to command signal output,

The driver enters working condition or halted state under the operation control signal effect, in the operating condition basis The motor control signal produces the drive signal.

4. direct current drive drive device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that also include：

Output transducer,

Wherein, the output transducer detects rotating speed or the torque of the direct current generator output, and sends corresponding output feedback Signal,

The controller is according to the command signal and output feedback signal output operation control signal and motor control Signal processed.

5. direct current drive drive device according to claim 4, it is characterised in that also include：

Current sensor,

Wherein, the current sensor detects the current value of the lead-out wire of the brush, and sends corresponding current feedback signal,

The controller calculates according to the command signal, the current feedback signal and the output feedback signal and exports fortune Row control signal and motor control signal.

6. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Wherein, when the rated current of the brush lead-out wire is I₁, the rated current of the direct current generator is I_NWhen, it is described The number 2j of armature winding branch road meets following conditions：

J ＞ I_N÷I₁,

The j is the positive integer not less than 2.

7. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Wherein, the dc source is the rectification source obtained after battery pack or the rectified filtering of AC power,

The battery pack is made up of at least one battery cell.

8. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Wherein, the connected mode of the armature winding is lap winding,

The excitation mode of the main pole of the direct current generator is permanent magnetism, separate excitation, series excitation, shunt excitation or compound excitation.

9. direct current drive drive device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：

Wherein, the armature winding branch road is independently mounted at least one armature core of the direct current generator,

The chopper is made up of at least one SPM or contains multiple power switch pipes,

The power switch pipe is electric power field-effect transistor, gate level turn-off thyristor, integrated gate commutated thyristor, insulation Any one in grid bipolar transistor, electric power bipolar transistor and door pole stream-exchanging thyristor.

10. a kind of electrical equipment, it is characterised in that including：

Direct current drive drive device according to any one of claims 1 to 9.